Pedestrian Safety: Drivers Stopping Behaviors at Crosswalk

International Journal of Engineering

Pedestrian safety at signalized intersections is a major cause of concern all over the world. Properly marked crosswalk enhances the safety of pedestrians as it is a well recognized crossing location by drivers. However a large number of accidents are reported at intersections predominantly due to the violation behavior of pedestrians. This study aims at understanding the crosswalk utilization behavior of pedestrians at urban signalized intersections. Data was collected through video recording and a questionnaire survey. Significant variables were identified and modelled using binomial logistic regression. Pedestrian personal level factors were found to significantly affect crosswalk compliance. Discrepancies were identified between perception and reality, suggesting that variation exists between what people say and what they practice in reality. The findings from this study suggest that a perception based study may not be as reliable as an observational study. The findings have both theoretical as well as practical implications and would certainly help the policy makers and designers in enhanced understanding of pedestrian behavior at urban signalized intersections.

Safety behaviors (also known as safety-seeking behaviors) are coping behaviors used to reduce anxiety and fear when the user feels threatened. Pedestrians are at risk on the road due to their behavior. The pedestrian safety behavior needs to be assessed to formulate the appropriate safety management in urban roads. This study is aimed at the identification of pedestrian non-compliances of safety practices while walking along the urban roads. As the case study, three urban mid-block road-sections were selected to observe pedestrian walking behavior. A video survey was carried out to observe pedestrian movement while traveling along those roads. The extracted data from the video was used to sort out pedestrian non-compliance behavior while walking along and crossing the road sections. The result shows that the non-compliance behavior practiced by the pedestrians is mainly for crossing the road away from designated crosswalk. The study recommends that the spacing of crosswalk markings and visibility shall be established based on the pedestrian flow rate and the distance between sequential intersections.

Pedestrian crossing behaviour is examined for the provision of apposite pedestrian facilities at preferred locations as well as to improved their safety while crossing the roads. The analysis of pedestrian crossing behaviour conduct from an examination at Mysuru city (Karnataka state in India). The effects of pedestrian characteristics like gender, age and they carrying baggages and luggages as well as their crossing patterns were analyzed on pedestrian stream qualities like waiting speed and crossing time. Pedestrian safeties was also analyzed with respect to gaps accepted by pedestrian in traffic flow. Crossing patterns were watched for different gender and age group. The present study discuss about effect of pedestrian walking at intersection Gap acceptance was determined by use of Multi linear regression model.

Transportation in Developing Economies (2018). 4:1 (ESCI- WOS), 2018

In India, pedestrian fatalities are considerably high in urban areas compared to national average. While pedestrians' behaviour and road use influence risk of pedestrian crashes, several built environment and road infrastructure planning and design features, traffic volumes, speed, visibility and pedestrian volume also significantly affect likelihood and consequence of pedestrian crashes. However, effects of these factors at locations experiencing high number of pedestrian crashes in general and fatal pedestrian crashes in particular have not been extensively studied across Indian cities. This study makes an attempt to fill the gap by analysing fatal pedestrian crashes obtained from Kolkata police and identifies locations on road network posing highest risk to pedestrians. Subsequently a model for un-signalized intersections was developed to identify factors influencing likelihood of fatal pedestrian crashes. Results indicate that high pedestrian volume and wider minor roads are associated with higher pedestrian fatalities, whereas higher traffic volume, higher post-encroachment-time and wider cross walks showed diminishing effects on fatal pedestrian crashes.

IRJET, 2021

Understanding pedestrian-vehicle interactions and individual responding behavior in mixed traffic situations is a difficult issue. Pedestrian factors (age, gender, luggage, and trip intent), environmental features, vehicular flow factors, and land use type all influence how people perceive and take risks when crossing the road. To evaluate the key determinants impacting pedestrian road crossing behavior, the current study compared average pedestrian crossing speeds at several pedestrian crossing locations in mediumsized cities (kothamangalam and perumbavoor in India) under mixed traffic conditions. The videography method was used to acquire four hours of traffic data in each location. The statistical data revealed a considerable difference in crossing speed between the midblock and intersection based on characteristics. Male and middle-aged pedestrians cross at faster speeds than female and younger and older pedestrians. The conclusion is that pedestrian crossing behavior and risk perception vary depending on location and pedestrian characteristics. The findings can be utilized to better assess pedestrian risk in the context of motor movement.

International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2020

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users and their risky behaviours make the situation worse. This study aimed to assess the crash risk associated with various pedestrian groups and their road crossing behaviours at intersections in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A two-stage, multi-criteria decision-making approach-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)-was used for risk assessment. In the first stage, five risk assessment criteria: nearest vehicle speed, nearest vehicle type, vehicle flow, interrupted by vehicle, and minimum gap were identified from the literature, and these criteria were weighted by the AHP. In the second stage, risk associated with various pedestrian groups and their road-crossing behaviours were quantified and ranked by the TOPSIS. The results indicate that male and young pedestrians had higher risk among pedestrian groups. Furthermore, an oblique crossing type, a running crossing pattern, mobile phone usage while crossing, carrying medium-weight baggage, a rolling gap crossing type, high crossing speed, and cross by using conflict zone were found as the riskiest behaviours. Besides, using crosswalk while crossing, single-stage and two-stage crossing types, perpendicular crossing type, and group crossing were found to be the safest behaviours.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT ENGINEERING, 2014

Pedestrian crossing behavior is analyzed for the provision of proper pedestrian facilities at desired locations, as well as to improve their safety while crossing the road. This paper presents the analysis of pedestrian crossing behavior from a study conducted at Roorkee city (Uttarakhand state in India). The effect of pedestrian characteristics like age, gender and that of carrying baggage and luggage as well as their crossing patterns were examined on pedestrian flow characteristics like crossing speed and waiting time. Pedestrian safety was also analyzed with respect to safety margins and gaps accepted by pedestrian in traffic stream. Crossing patterns were observed for different age group and gender.

Journal of Transport & Health, 2017

According to statistics provided by Punjab Emergency and Rescue Services (PERS) in 2015 out of total road traffic accidents 25% involved pedestrians in Lahore. This paper has observed walking and crossing behavior of pedestrians in Lahore as well as the driver behavior towards pedestrians. A total of 1040 pedestrians are observed at eight different intersections along with a sample of 974 drivers. Data was treated and coded in SPSS 23.0 as categorical nominal. Chi-square significance test (X was performed at an alpha level of 95% (0.05). Pedestrian behavior was investigated based on gender and age group while driver behavior was investigated based on their gender, age group and presence of traffic signal. Results showed significant difference in behaviors among age group of pedestrian in case of both side-walking (p<0.05) and road-crossing (p<0.05). Behavior of child and old pedestrian was significantly different while behaviors of young and adult pedestrian remained more or less similar. Pedestrians walked least safely at intersections located in commercial and residential neighborhoods. Drivers behavior towards pedestrian based on their gender (p<0.05), age group (p<0.05) and presence of traffic signal (p<0.05) remained significantly different. was found to be two times safer at signalized intersections as compared to un-signalized intersections.

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2018

Walking is a major mode of transportation in developing countries where most road users are pedestrians who spend significant time on roads and using the road system. Walking almost inevitably involves crossing a road, where the chances of conflict between pedestrian and motor vehicle is much higher. In Dhaka, the capital of a developing country Bangladesh, pedestrians increase their accident risk when they decide to cross the road way without using the road crossing facilities. When a relatively unsafe choice is made, the pedestrian increases his accident risk and faces casualties. However, in Dhaka, it was not explored in the past about what percentage of people cross the road by pedestrian foot over bridge/ underpass or by jaywalking. Therefore, It is found that 40.2% of the pedestrians do not use road crossing facilities and 71% pedestrians prefer underpass rather than using foot over bridge. The reasons pedestrians are not using road crossing facilities are insufficient security, time consuming, poor entrance, hawker's problem, discomfort, takes a long walk etc. To improve this situation several steps should be taken, such as: Enhance lighting facilities, prohibit commercial activities, adequate usage of roadside and median barrier, construct more underpass rather than foot over bridge etc.