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Wave energy: State of the art and current development

Profile image of AMILCAR ERNESTO CALZADA ESTRADAAMILCAR ERNESTO CALZADA ESTRADA

2022, Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences

https://doi.org/10.54451/PANAMJAS.17.2.176
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14 pages

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Abstract

Currently, wave energy represents a challenge to the world's energy needs. There are innumerable prototypes and even commercial models that reveal the ability to handle the difficulties posed by the sea and obtain electrical energy. However, the implementation of these projects has shown that wave energy is not an easy resource to manipulate. In the economic aspect, the main barriers are given by the high cost of technologies in the prototype phase, as well as their operations. Regarding the technological barriers, the main ones correspond to the technological risk of the prototypes in the testing phase and the lack of specialized human capital that allows the industry to be implemented at a local level. Even so, the inventiveness and initiative of some allow them to work and face adversity with a clear objective: to take advantage of the wave power potential. In the present investigation, an exhaustive study is carried out on wave energy, its current development, techniques and technologies for its exploitation, environmental impacts, and advantages and disadvantages of the use of this renewable energy.

FAQs

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AI

What factors contribute to wave energy's increased potential in specific regions?add

The research highlights that wave energy potential is highest in locations between 30-60 degrees latitude, particularly along the western coasts of Europe, Canada, and the southern coasts of Australia and South America.

What recent technological advancements have improved wave energy conversion efficiency?add

Innovations such as the AWS-III, which uses flexible membrane absorbers, achieve a maximum power capacity of 2400 kW, significantly enhancing the efficiency of energy conversion from wave action.

How does the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) for wave energy compare to other renewables?add

The estimated LCoE for wave energy ranges from €0.30 to €1.20/kWh, with some innovations suggesting costs below €0.33/kWh, highlighting the need for economic competitiveness against wind and solar.

In what ways can wave energy systems mitigate coastal erosion?add

Wave energy converters (WECs) can act as buffers, absorbing wave energy and potentially reducing shoreline erosion, thereby protecting coastal communities and habitats.

What ecological impacts are associated with wave energy extraction?add

Wave energy systems may disrupt marine life and coastal ecosystems, prompting considerations for ecological balance and potential recovery of local biota after disturbance.

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