Interoperability Blessing or Curse 2003

The RUSI Journal, 1996

Schoolteachers and the Nordic Model, 2021

Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 1993

Additionally, it is difficult to achieve global integration and local responsiveness in highly internationally diversifiedfirms. Thus, there are limits to international diversification, but, given appropriate firm capabilities and country circumstance, international diverstj?cation facilitates innovation andperformance.

2004

MA Thesis, 2002

Interoperability is a concept that indicates intended collaboration between people, companies or institutions, and the parties involved know they must share a spoken language to collaborate and benefit from the facility. As computers have become the precondition of this interchange of information, the need for a joint software language is obvious and equally requested to achieve interoperability. 1 Different companies and different people have different information, products and services to share or exchange with others. Museums have collections of physical objects and collections of information on these objects. Recent computer technology has made it possible to photograph, reproduce and distribute the physical collections digitally and eventually make them available world-wide on the Internet. In principle it makes any information on a museum object available to anybody on a single web page or database sheet. It provides links with immediate access to relevant information on a computer in the room next door or in a museum on the other side of the world. The computer facilitated interchange of information has not replaced the experience of the original object. Instead -according to the quality of the registration, the photographic presentation and the professional interpretation -it facilitates planning and preliminary studies in wider perspectives. It gives wider access for more people to more collections and information. It is a tool for database management systems and it forms the basis for virtual exhibitions at differentiated levels. These comprehensive possibilities show at the same time the means of interoperability and what interoperability is good for. 1 A thorough definition is provided by ASHBY HELEN, McKENNA GORDON and STIFF MATTHEW ed.; Spectrum Knowledge, Standards for cultural information management; p.63-65, mda Cambridge 2001 See also STIFF MATTHEW; Managing New Technology Projects in Museums and Galleries; p.70, mda 2002. 4 Introduction: The gap between ideal and real. Since 1997 the British Labour Government has paid much attention to the educational role of the cultural institutions in the United Kingdom and their ability to propagate knowledge to the public. 2 The Government has established an agency of cultural organisations with the purpose of collaborating on issues of mutual interest such as public access to collections via the Internet, and it recognizes the opportunities of interoperability by emphasizing application of certain registration standards. Talking of museums, interoperability and the exchange of information the dissertation has as its main concern the recognition of "knowledge" as a valuable acquisition. This is so, because of the power of the information being exchanged on the Internet in general, and because of the role of interpretation implied in communicating museum topics in particular. It is my impression that, in spite of the fact that knowledge is a powerful source, its role in museum communication has been underestimated, and consequently the general opinion of what interoperability is good for has been inconsistent. I shall argue that it can be otherwise, and that the good of interoperability to a great extend depends on what you do; not only what you can do, but more so what you choose to do. In his proceeding at the 2 nd Museum Documentation Association Conference in Cambridge in 1988 the former head of the Department of Museum Studies in Berlin, Christof Wolters commented on what he thought to be an inconsistency or a gap between the idea from museum professionals of international exchange of data, and the actual ways of registering their objects in museums. 3 Wolters described how the belief in worldwide documentation standards arose at conferences, while homemade registration systems were the result of daily life in museums. He then drew attention to different perceptions of the meaning of words used for categorizing objects.

European Journal for Biomedical Informatics, 2018

This paper first looks at the several definitions of the word interoperability. Next, the paper addresses several of the distinct components that are factors in accomplishing interoperability: semantic interoperability, functional interoperability, stakeholder interoperability, consumer interoperability, business interoperability, privacy and security interoperability, and international interoperability. This paper discusses each of these components in terms of their current state relating to interoperability and suggests what changes might be made to achieve interoperability.

2012

Résumé: We supply details of a compositional specification theory we have been working on for modelling connectors and components. This supports the operations of parallel composition, for examining the structural behaviour of networked systems, logical conjunction, for supporting independent development of components, and quotient for incremental development in the form of component/connector synthesis.

This paper is an attempt to present some of the mechanisms which contribute in promoting integration as a regular educational activity, and not as a distinctive special task which has to be transplanted in ordinary educational programming. Continuity, participation and an extended notion of integration are integral parts of such mechanisms.

2008

A system of systems design is the development of multiple systems that individually provide various functions that collectively support a holistic functional capability. With the evolution of today's increased demand of heterogeneous systems that integrate to form complex system of systems, integration and interoperability are critical to cost, schedule and performance during the lifecycle of a product. Enterprises must explore and discover the current and future techniques of building both human and technical systems that requires a deep knowledge and understanding of integration and interoperability. In support of this goal, this thesis, through research and analysis, develops a descriptive and prescriptive approach to assist management in achieving integration and interoperability. This thesis discovers the key attributes that result in an integrated and interoperable system and determines new procedures and techniques that can be recommended to achieve the system engineering required to support interoperability and ensure integration of system of systems. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 115

Interoperability for information systems remains a challenge both at the semantic and organisa- tional levels. The original three-level architecture for local databases needs to be replaced by a categorical four-level one based on concepts, constructions, schema types and data together with the mappings between them. Such an architecture provides natural closure as further levels are superfluous even in a global environment. The architecture is traversed by means of the Godement calculus: arrows may be composed at any level as well as across levles. The necessary and sucient conditions for interoperability are satisfied by composable (formal) diagrams both for intension and extension in categories that are cartesian closed and locally cartesian closed. Methods like partial categories and sketches in schema design can benefit from Freyd's punctured diagrams to identify precisely type-forcing natural transformations. Closure is better achieved in standard full categories. Global i...