Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Results
Discussion
Material and Methods
Supplementary Materials
References
All Topics
Biology
Cell Biology

Effect of the First Feeding on Enterocytes of Newborn Rats

Profile image of ivan dimovivan dimov

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS232214179
visibility

…

description

29 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

The transcytosis of lipids through enterocytes occurs through the delivery of lipid micelles to the microvilli of enterocytes, consumption of lipid derivates by the apical plasma membrane (PM) and then their delivery to the membrane of the smooth ER attached to the basolateral PM. The SER forms immature chylomicrons (iChMs) in the ER lumen. iChMs are delivered at the Golgi complex (GC) where they are subjected to additional glycosylation resulting in maturation of iChMs. ChMs are secreted into the intercellular space and delivered into the lumen of lymphatic capillaries (LCs). The overloading of enterocytes with lipids induces the formation of lipid droplets inside the lipid bilayer of the ER membranes and transcytosis becomes slower. Here, we examined components of the enterocyte-to-lymphatic barriers in newly born rats before the first feeding and after it. In contrast to adult animals, enterocytes of newborns rats exhibited apical endocytosis and a well-developed subapical endoso...

Related papers

Intestinal lipid absorption and transport
Patrick Tso

Frontiers in Bioscience, 2001

View PDFchevron_right
Gradual disappearance of vacuolated enterocytes in the small intestine of neonatal piglets
Jose Luis Valverde Piedra

Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2007

The unique feature of enterocytes in newborn mammals is the presence of an apical canalicular system (ACS) leading to production of large vacuoles, important for colostral macromolecule uptake. The vacuolated fetal-type enterocytes (VFE) enable transfer of colostral and milk proteins from the intestinal lumen across the epithelium without loosing their biological activity. First VFE are observed in the pig and lamb fetuses in the second trimester of pregnancy, located at the upper part of villi in the proximal region of the fetal small intestine and subsequently in the middle and distal regions. After birth the VFE are replaced with enterocytes lacking ACS. The present study aimed to investigate the depletion of VFE in the small intestine in the sow reared pig neonates during the first postnatal weeks using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM analysis demonstrated the gradual disappearance of vacuolated enterocytes in time. VFE remained in the jejunum for a few days after bi...

View PDFchevron_right
The Neonatal Development of Intraepithelial and Lamina Propria Lymphocytes in the Murine Small Intestine
Wim Buurman

Developmental Immunology, 1997

During early neonatal life, important changes occur in the gut. The intestine is challenged by both milk and a microbial flora. Later on, at weaning, the diet of mice changes from milk to pelleted food leading to changes in microbial contents. This period seems essential for a complete development of the mucosal immune system. We investigated the development of both intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), from day 5, and every 5 days, up to day 30 after birth. IEL and LPL were isolated from the small intestine and the phenotype was assessed by FACS analyses, using antibodies for detection of T-cell markers CD3, TCRαβ, TCRγδ, CD4, CD8α, CD8β, CD5, CD18, CD54, and CD49d. Our data show a clear increase in the number of LPL just before weaning, while the number of IEL increased after day 15. A more mature pattern of membrane antigen expression of both IEL and LPL was observed at weaning. The adhesion molecules CD18, CD54, and CD49d, essential for cellular communicati...

View PDFchevron_right
The Lymph Lipid Precursor Pool Is a Key Determinant of Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport
Christopher Porter

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2005

The influence of the size and turnover kinetics of the enterocyte-based lymph lipid precursor pool (LLPP) on intestinal lymphatic drug transport has been examined. Mesenteric lymph duct-cannulated rats were infused intraduodenally with low (2-5 mg/h) or high (20 mg/h) lipid-dose formulations containing 100 g/h halofantrine (Hf, a model drug) and 1 Ci/h 14 C-oleic acid (OA) (as a marker for lipid transport) until steady-state rates of lipid (dX L /dt) ss and drug (dD L /dt) ss transport in lymph were obtained. After 5 h, the infusion was changed to formulations of the same composition but excluding 14 C-OA and Hf, allowing calculation of the first order rate constants describing turnover of lipid (K X ) and drug (K D ) from the LLPP into the lymph from the washout kinetics. The mass of lipid (X LP ) and drug (D LP ) in the Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at L /dt) ss , steady-state rate of total FA transport into lymph; K X , first order rate constant describing FA transport from the lymph lipid precursor pool into the lymph; K XO , pseudo-zero order rate constant for lipid transport from the lymph lipid precursor pool into the lymph; X LP , mass of lipid in the lymph lipid precursor pool; (dD L /dt) ss , steady-state rate of drug transport into lymph; K DO , pseudo-zero order rate constant for drug transport from the lymph lipid precursor pool into the lymph; K D , first order rate constant describing drug transport from the lymph lipid precursor pool into the lymph; D LP , mass of drug in the lymph lipid precursor pool; ANOVA, analysis of variance.

View PDFchevron_right
Mechanism of lipid mobilization by the small intestine after transport blockade
Patrick Tso

Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1988

The nonionic detergent, Pluronic L-81 (L-81) has been shown to block the transport of intestinal mucosal triacylglycerol (TG) in chylomicrons. This results in large lipid masses within the enterocyte that are greater in diameter than chylomicrons. On removal of L-81, mucosal TG is rapidly mobilized and appears in the lymph. We questioned whether the blocked TG requires partial or complete hydrolysis before its transport. Rats were infused intraduodenally with 13H]glyceryl, ["4Cjoleoyl trioleate (TO) and 0.5 mg L-81/h for 8 h, followed by 120 ,mol/h linoleate for 18 h. Mesenteric lymph was collected and analyzed for TG content and radioactivity. An HPLC method was developed to separate TG on the basis of its acyl group species. The assumed acyl group composition was confirmed by gas liquid chromatography analysis. TG lymphatic output was low for the first 8 h but increased to 52 Mmol/h at the 11th h of infusion (3 h after stopping L-81). 38% of the infused TO was retained in the mucosa after the 8-h infusion. 95% of mucosal TG was TO, 92% of the radioactivity was in TG, and 2.4% of the '4C disintegrations per minute was in fatty acid. HPLC analysis of lymph at 6, 10, 12, and 14.5 h of infusion showed a progressive rise in TG composed of one linoleate and two oleates, to 39%; and in TG composed of two linoleates and one oleate to 20% at 14.5 h of infusion. On a mass basis, however, 80% of the TG acyl groups were oleate. 3H/"4C ratios in the various TG acyl group species reflected the decrease in oleate. We conclude that first, unlike liver, most mucosal TG is not hydrolyzed before transport. The mechanism of how the large lipid masses present in mucosal cells after L-81 infusion are converted to the much smaller chylomicrons is unknown. Second, the concomitant infusion of linoleate did not impair lymph TG delivery after L-81 blockade.

View PDFchevron_right
Transport of lipid and apolipoproteins A4 and AIV in intestinal lymph of the rat
Patrick Tso

Intestinal lipid absorption is associated with marked increases in the synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) by the small intestine. Whether the increased intesti- nal apoA-IV synthesis and secretion results from increased fat uptake, increased cellular triglyceride (TG) content, or in- creased secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins by the enterocytes is unknown. Previous work from this laboratory has shown that a hydrophobic surfactant, Pluronic L-81 (L-81), is a potent inhibi- tor of intestinal formation of chylomicrons (CM), without reducing fat uptake or re-synthesis to TG. Furthermore, this in- hibition can be reversed quickly by the cessation of L-81 infu- sion. Thus L-81 offers a unique opportunity to study the rela- tionship between lymphatic TG, apoA-I and A-IV secretion. In this study, we studied the lymphatic transport of TG, apoA-I, and apoA-IV during both the inhibitory phase (L-81 infused together with lipid) and the subsequent unblocking phase (saline in...

View PDFchevron_right
The Immature Gut Barrier and Its Importance in Establishing Immunity in Newborn Mammals
Björn Weström

Frontiers in Immunology, 2020

This review will focus on how differing developmental processes in the intestinal epithelium affect the macromolecular passage in different species and the possible impact of such passage on the establishment of immunity during the critical perinatal period in young mammals.

View PDFchevron_right
The Role of Interstitial Matrix and the Lymphatic System in Gastrointestinal Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Patrick Tso

Frontiers in Physiology

This review emphasizes the events that take place after the chylomicrons are secreted by the enterocytes through exocytosis. First, we will discuss the journey of how chylomicrons cross the basement membrane to enter the lamina propria. Then the chylomicrons have to travel across the lamina propria before they can enter the lacteals. To understand the factors affecting the trafficking of chylomicron particles across the lamina propria, it is important to understand the composition and properties of the lamina propria. With different degree of hydration, the pores of the lamina propria (sponge) changes. The greater the hydration, the greater the pore size and thus the easier the diffusion of the chylomicron particles across the lamina propria to enter the lacteals. The mechanism of the entry of lacteals is discussed in considerable details. We and others have demonstrated that intestinal fat absorption, but not the absorption of protein or carbohydrates, activates the intestinal mucosal mast cells to release many products including mucosal mast cell protease II in the rat. The activation of intestinal mucosal mast cells by fat absorption involves the process of chylomicron formation since the absorption of both medium and short-chain fatty acids do not activate the mast cells. Fat absorption has been associated with increased intestinal permeability. We hypothesize that there is a link between fat absorption, activation of mucosal mast cells, and the leaky gut phenomenon (increased intestinal permeability). Microbiome may also be involved in this chain of events associated with fat absorption. This review is presented in sequence under the following headings: (1) Introduction; (2) Structure and properties of the gut epithelial basement membrane; (3) Composition and physical properties of the interstitial matrix of the lamina propria; (4) The movement of chylomicrons across the interstitial matrix of the lamina propria and importance of the hydration of the interstitial matrix of the lamina propria and the movement of chylomicrons; (5) Entry of the chylomicrons into the intestinal lacteals; (6) Activation of mucosal mast cells by fat absorption and the metabolic consequences; and (7) Link between chylomicron transport, mucosal mast cell activation, leaky gut, and the microbiome.

View PDFchevron_right
The ontogeny and site of intestinal lipid and lipoprotein synthesis
Carole Garofalo

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1992

The developmental aspects of characteristic intestinal lipoprotein synthesis, chylomicrons (CM), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), are unknown. Our objective was to determine the ontogeny of intestinal lipid and lipoprotein synthesis in both the jejunum and the ileum. Explants of the jejunum and the ileum from fetal (F) ( 1 8-19 days of gestation), suckling (S) (5 days old) and weaning (W) (23 days old) rats were cultured in the presence of ['4C]-oleic acid to examine lipid synthesis. The results indicate the following. ( I ) The incorporation of oleic acid is higher for the fetal explants. However, the efficiency of esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) into triglycerides (TG) in the jejunum increases with age (33% F, 37% S, 48% W) (P<0.05, by ANOVA).

View PDFchevron_right
The contribution of vacuolated foetal-type enterocytes in the process of maturation of the small intestine in piglets. Invited review
Sylwia Szymańczyk

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2018

View PDFchevron_right

References (74)

  1. Karupaiah, T.; Sundram, K. Effects of stereospecific positioning of fatty acids in triacylglycerol structures in native and randomized fats: A review of their nutritional implications. Nutr. Metab. 2007, 4, 16. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Dash, S.; Xiao, C.; Morgantini, C.; Lewis, G.F. New insights into the regulation of chylomicron production. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2015, 35, 265-294. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Sesorova, I.S.; Karelina, N.R.; Kazakova, T.E.; Parashuraman, S.; Zdorikova, M.A.; Dimov, I.D.; Seliverstova, E.V.; Beznoussenko, G.V.; Mironov, A.A. Structure of the enterocyte transcytosis compartments during lipid absorption. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2020, 153, 413-429. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Sesorova, I.S.; Dimov, I.D.; Kashin, A.D.; Sesorov, V.V.; Karelina, N.R.; Zdorikova, M.A.; Beznoussenko, G.V.; Mironov, A.A. Cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of lipid transport from gut to lymph. Tissue Cell 2021, 72, 101529. [CrossRef]
  5. Mironov, A.A.; Beznoussenko, G.V. Opinion: On the Way towards the New Paradigm of Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2152. [CrossRef]
  6. Mironov, A.A.; Sesorova, I.S.; Dimov, I.D.; Karelina, N.R.; Beznoussenko, G.V. Intracellular transports and atherogenesis. Front. Biosci. 2020, 25, 1230-1258. [CrossRef]
  7. Mironov, A.A.; Mironov, A.; Derganc, J.; Beznoussenko, G.V. Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7594. [CrossRef]
  8. Mansbach, C.M.; Siddiqi, S.A. The biogenesis of chylomicrons. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2010, 72, 315-333. [CrossRef]
  9. Altmann, S.W.; Davis, H.R., Jr.; Zhu, L.J.; Yao, X.; Hoos, L.M.; Tetzloff, G.; Iyer, S.P.; Maguire, M.; Golovko, A.; Zeng, M.; et al. Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Science 2004, 303, 1201-1204. [CrossRef]
  10. Iqbal, J.; Hussain, M.M. Intestinal lipid absorption. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009, 296, 1183-1194. [CrossRef]
  11. Brunham, L.R.; Kruit, J.K.; Pape, T.D.; Timmins, J.M.; Reuwer, A.Q.; Vasanji, Z.; Marsh, B.J.; Rodrigues, B.; Johnson, J.D.; Parks, J.S.; et al. Beta-cell ABCA1 influences insulin secretion; glucose homeostasis and response to thiazolidinedione treatment. Nat. Med. 2007, 13, 340-347. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  12. Lo, C.M.; Nordskog, B.K.; Nauli, A.M.; Zheng, S.; Vonlehmden, S.B.; Yang, Q.; Lee, D.; Swift, L.L.; Davidson, N.O.; Tso, P. Why does the gut choose apolipoprotein B48 but not B100 for chylomicron formation? Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2008, 294, 344-352. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  13. Hayashi, H.; Fujimoto, K.; Cardelli, J.A.; Nutting, D.F.; Bergstedt, S.; Tso, P. Fat feeding increases size, but not number, of chylomicrons produced by small intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 1990, 259, 709-719. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  14. He, W.; Ladinsky, M.S.; Huey-Tubman, K.E.; Jensen, G.J.; McIntosh, J.R.; Björkman, P.J. FcRn-mediated antibody transport across epithelial cells revealed by electron tomography. Nature 2008, 455, 542-546. [CrossRef]
  15. Kömüves, L.G.; Heath, J.P. Uptake of maternal immunoglobulins in the enterocytes of suckling piglets: Improved detection with a streptavidin-biotin bridge gold technique. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1992, 40, 1637-1646. [CrossRef]
  16. Heath, J.P.; Kömüves, L.G.; Nichols, B.L. Lenten cell: Ultrastructure; absorptive properties; and enzyme expression of a novel type of cell in the newborn and suckling pig intestinal epithelium. Anat Rec. 1996, 244, 95-104. [CrossRef]
  17. Trahair, J.F.; Robinson, P.M. Enterocyte ultrastructure and uptake of immunoglobulins in the small intestine of the neonatal lamb. J. Anat. 1989, 166, 103-111.
  18. Healy, P.J.; Dinsdale, D. Protein transmission in the intestine of the newborn lamb: The involvement of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. Histochem. J. 1979, 11, 289-298. [CrossRef]
  19. Dinsdale, D.; Healy, P.J. Enzymes involved in protein transmission by the intestine of the newborn lamb. Histochem. J. 1982, 14, 811-821. [CrossRef]
  20. Skrzypek, T.; Valverde Piedra, J.L.; Skrzypek, H.; Kazimierczak, W.; Biernat, M.; Zabielski, R. Gradual disappearance of vacuolated enterocytes in the small intestine of neonatal piglets. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2007, 58, 87-95.
  21. Clementi, F.; Palade, G.E. Intestinal capillaries: I. Permeability to peroxidase and ferritin. J. Cell Biol. 1969, 41, 33-58. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  22. Bernier-Latmani, J.; Petrova, T.V. Intestinal lymphatic vasculature: Structure; mechanisms and functions. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2017, 14, 510-526. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  23. Bernier-Latmani, J.; Cisarovsky, C.; Demir, C.S.; Bruand, M.; Jaquet, M.; Davanture, S.; Ragusa, S.; Siegert, S.; Dormond, O.; Benedito, R.; et al. DLL4 promotes continuous adult intestinal lacteal regeneration and dietary fat transport. J. Clin. Investig. 2015, 125, 4572-4586. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  24. Papp, M.; Röhlich, P.; Rusznyák, I.; Törö, I. An electron microscopic study of the central lacteal in the intestinal villus of the cat. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 1962, 57, 475-486. [CrossRef]
  25. Choe, K.; Jang, J.Y.; Park, I.; Kim, Y.; Ahn, S.; Park, D.Y.; Hong, Y.K.; Alitalo, K.; Koh, G.Y.; Kim, P. Intravital imaging of intestinal lacteals unveils lipid drainage through contractility. J. Clin. Invest. 2015, 125, 4042-4052. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  26. Ohtani, O.; Ohtani, Y. Organization and developmental aspects of lymphatic vessels. Arch. Histol. Cytol. 2008, 71, 1-22. [CrossRef]
  27. Lee, J.S. Contraction of villi and fluid transport in dog jejunal mucosa in-vitro. Am. J. Physiol. 1971, 221, 488-495. [CrossRef]
  28. Güldner, F.-H.; Wolff, J.R.; Keyserlingk, D.G. Fibroblasts as a part of the contractile system in duodenal villi of rat. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 1972, 135, 349-360. [CrossRef]
  29. Gayer, C.P.; Basson, M.D. The effects of mechanical forces on intestinal physiology and pathology. Cell. Signal. 2009, 21, 1237-1244.
  30. Karelina, N.R.; Sesorova, I.S.; Beznusenko, G.V.; Shishlo, V.K.; Kazakova, T.E.; Mironov, A.A. Ultrastructural basis for the process of lymph formation. Morfologiia 2017, 151, 7-19.
  31. Womack, W.A.; Barrowman, J.A.; Graham, W.H.; Benoit, J.N.; Kvietys, P.R.; Granger, D.N. Quantitative assessment of villous motility. Am. J. Physiol. 1987, 252, 250-256. [CrossRef]
  32. Palay, S.L.; Karlin, L.J. An electron microscopic study of the intestinal villus: II. The pathway of fat absorption. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1959, 5, 373-384. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  33. Casley-Smith, J.R. Identification of chylomicra and lipoproteins in tissue sections and their passage into jejunal lacteals. J. Cell Biol. 1962, 15, 259-277. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  34. Sabesin, S.M.; Frase, S. Electron-microscopic studies of assembly; intracellular-transport; and secretion of chylomicrons by rat intestine. J. Lipid Res. 1977, 18, 496-511. [CrossRef]
  35. Scallan, J.P.; Zawieja, D.; Castorena-Gonzalez, J.A.; Davis, M.J. Lymphatic pumping: Mechanics; mechanisms and malfunction. J. Physiol. 2016, 594, 5749-5768. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  36. Zawieja, D.C. Contractile physiology of lymphatics. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 2009, 7, 87-96. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  37. Jang, J.Y.; Koh, Y.J.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, J.; Kim, K.H.; Kim, D.; Koh, G.Y.; Yoo, O.J. Conditional ablation of LYVE-1+ cells unveils defensive roles of lymphatic vessels in intestine and lymph nodes. Blood 2013, 122, 2151-2161. [CrossRef]
  38. D'Aquila, T.; Sirohi, D.; Grabowski, J.M.; Hedrick, V.E.; Paul, L.N.; Greenberg, A.S.; Kuhn, R.J.; Buhman, K.K. Characterization of the proteome of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in mouse enterocytes after a dietary fat challenge. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0126823.
  39. D'Aquila, T.; Zembroski, A.S.; Buhman, K.K. Diet Induced Obesity Alters Intestinal Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplet Morphology and Proteome in the Postprandial Response to Dietary Fat. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10, 180. [CrossRef]
  40. Denisova, G.N.; Dimov, I.D.; Zaitseva, A.V.; Artiux, L.J.; Mironov, A.A.; Karelina, N.R. Overloading of differentiated Caco-2 cells during lipid transcytosis induces glycosylation mistakes in the Golgi complex. Biocell Mendoza 2021, 45, 773-783. [CrossRef]
  41. Ježová, D.; Olsson, Y. Intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase in the rat stimulates corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone release. Acta Neuropathol. 1986, 72, 38-42. [CrossRef]
  42. Evangelista, V.; Celardo, A.; Dell'Elba, G.; Manarini, S.; Mironov, A.; de Gaetano, G.; Cerletti, C. Platelet contribution to leukotriene production in inflammation: In Vivo evidence in the rabbit. Thromb. Haemost. 1999, 81, 442-448. [PubMed]
  43. Kolpakov, V.; Rekhter, M.; Bauman, O.; Di Sciullo, A.; Di Nardo, P.; Drozdov, S.; Poggi, A.; Mironov, A. Endothelialized myointimal thickening in the rat aorta as a result of extensive freeze injury. Atherosclerosis 1993, 102, 187-193. [CrossRef]
  44. Micaroni, M.; Perinetti, G.; Di Giandomenico, D.; Bianchi, K.; Spaar, A.; Mironov, A.A. Synchronous intra-Golgi transport induces the release of Ca2+ from the Golgi apparatus. Exp. Cell Res. 2010, 316, 2071-2086. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  45. Beznoussenko, G.V.; Kweon, H.S.; Sesorova, I.S.; Mironov, A.A. Comparison of the Cisterna Maturation-Progression Model with the Kiss-and-Run Model of Intra-Golgi Transport: Role of Cisternal Pores and Cargo Domains. Int J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3590.
  46. Sesorova, I.S.; Sesorov, V.V.; Soloviev, P.B.; Lakunin, K.Y.; Dimov, I.D.; Mironov, A.A. Role of Endothelial Regeneration and Overloading of Enterocytes with Lipids in Capturing of Lipoproteins by Basement Membrane of Rat Aortic Endothelium. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2858. [CrossRef]
  47. Mironov, A.A., Jr.; Mironov, A.A. Estimation of subcellular organelle volume from ultrathin sections through centrioles with a discretized version of vertical rotator. J. Microsc. 1998, 192, 29-36. [CrossRef]
  48. Russ, J.C.; Dehoff, R.T. Practical Stereology; Plenum Press: New York, NY, USA, 2000; p. 382.
  49. Baluk, P.; Fuxe, J.; Hashizume, H.; Romano, T.; Lashnits, E.; Butz, S.; Vestweber, D.; Corada, M.; Molendinim, C.; Dejana, E.; et al. Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. J. Exp. Med. 2007, 204, 2349-2362. [CrossRef]
  50. Mironov, A., Jr.; Luini, A.; Mironov, A. A synthetic model of intra-Golgi traffic. FASEB J. 1998, 12, 249-252. [CrossRef]
  51. Mironov, A.A.; Beznoussenko, G.V. Models of Intracellular Transport: Pros and Cons. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2019, 7, 146. [CrossRef]
  52. Mironov, A.A.; Sesorova, I.S.; Seliverstova, E.V.; Beznoussenko, G.V. Different Golgi ultrastructure across species and tissues: Implications under functional and pathological conditions, and an attempt at classification. Tissue Cell 2017, 49, 186-201. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  53. Derganc, J.; Mironov, A.A.; Svetina, S. Physical factors that affect the number and size of Golgi cisternae. Traffic 2006, 7, 85-96. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  54. Beznoussenko, G.V.; Ragnini-Wilson, A.; Wilson, C.; Mironov, A.A. Three-dimensional and immune electron microscopic analysis of the secretory pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2016, 146, 515-527. [CrossRef]
  55. Mironov, A.A.; Beznoussenko, G.V. Molecular mechanisms responsible for formation of Golgi ribbon. Histol. Histopathol. 2011, 26, 117-133. [CrossRef]
  56. Singh, N.; Samant, H.; Hawxby, A.; Samaniego, M.D. Biomarkers of rejection in kidney transplantation. Curr. Opin. Organ Transplant. 2019, 24, 103-110. [CrossRef]
  57. Lalioti, V.; Beznoussenko, G.V.; Mironov, A.A.; Sandoval, I.V. The E-Syt3 cleavage and traffic uncovers the primordial cisterna, a new organelle that mothers the lipid droplets in the adipocyte. Traffic 2022, 23, 21-41. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  58. Hung, Y.H.; Buhman, K.K. DGAT1 deficiency disrupts lysosome function in enterocytes during dietary fat absorption. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 2019, 1864, 587-595. [CrossRef]
  59. Yao, Y.; Kim, G.; Shafer, S.; Chen, Z.; Kubo, S.; Ji, Y.; Luo, J.; Yang, W.; Perner, S.P.; Kanellopoulou, C.; et al. Mucus sialylation determines intestinal host-commensal homeostasis. Cell 2022, 185, 1172-1188. [CrossRef]
  60. Van Dyck, F.; Braem, C.V.; Chen, Z.; Declercq, J.; Deckers, R.; Kim, B.M.; Ito, S.; Wu, M.K.; Cohen, D.E.; Dewerchin, M.; et al. Loss of the PlagL2 transcription factor affects lacteal uptake of chylomicrons. Cell Metab. 2007, 6, 406-413. [CrossRef]
  61. Hung, Y.H.; Carreiro, A.L.; Buhman, K.K. Dgat1 and Dgat2 regulate enterocyte triacylglycerol distribution and alter proteins associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets in response to dietary fat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2017, 1862, 600-614. [CrossRef]
  62. Zhang, F.; Zarkada, G.; Han, J.; Li, J.; Dubrac, A.; Ola, R.; Genet, G.; Boyé, K.; Michon, P.; KÜnzel, S.E.; et al. Lacteal junction zippering protects against diet-induced obesity. Science 2018, 361, 599-603. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  63. Yuji, M.; Fujimoto, M.; Qi, W.M.; Takahara, E.I.; Mantani, Y.; Udayanga, K.G.; Takeuchi, T.; Warita, K.; Yokoyama, T.; Hoshi, N.; et al. Persorption of IgG-Fc-coated particulates from intestinal lumen into portal blood via villous columnar epithelial cells in rat small intestine. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2012, 74, 1447-1452. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  64. Nguyen, T.; Costa, E.J.; Deibert, T.; Reyes, J.; Keber, F.C.; Tomschik, M.; Stadlmeier, M.; Gupta, M.; Kumar, C.K.; Cruz, E.R.; et al. Differential nuclear import sets the timing of protein access to the embryonic genome. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 5887. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  65. Henne, W.M. Discovery and Roles of ER-Endolysosomal Contact Sites in Disease. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2017, 997, 135-147.
  66. Pelletier, J.F.; Glass, J.I.; Strychalski, E.A. Cellular mechanics during division of a genomically minimal cell. Trends Cell Biol. 2022, 32, 900-907. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  67. Han, L.; Mich-Basso, J.D.; Li, Y.; Ammanamanchi, N.; Xu, J.; Bargaje, A.P.; Liu, H.; Jeong, J.-H.; Franks, J.; Stolz, D.B.; et al. Changes in nuclear pore numbers control nuclear import and stress response of mouse hearts. Dev. Cell 2022, 57, 2397-2411.
  68. Kamyshova, V.V.; Karelina, N.R.; Mironov, A.A.; Mironov, V.A. Morphofunctional features of different divisions of the microcircu- latory bed of jejunal villi in the white rat. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1985, 88, 44-50.
  69. Karaganov, I.L.; Mironov, A.A.; Mironov, V.A. Scanning electron microscopy of native preparations of vascular endothelium. Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. 1986, 90, 93-105.
  70. Ohtani, O.; Ohtsuka, A. Three-dimensional organization of lymphatics and their relationship to blood vessels in rabbit small intestine. A scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts. Arch. Histol. Jpn. 1985, 48, 255-268. [CrossRef]
  71. Giuvărăşteanu, I. Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts -standard method for studying microvessels. Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol. 2007, 48, 257-261.
  72. Aharinejad, S.; Lametschwandtner, A.; Franz, P.; Firbas, W. The vascularization of the digestive tract studied by scanning electron microscopy with special emphasis on the teeth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, and liver. Scanning Microsc. 1991, 5, 811-849. [PubMed]
  73. He, W.; Kivork, C.; Machinani, S.; Morphew, M.K.; Gail, A.M.; Tesar, D.B.; Tiangco, N.E.; McIntosh, J.R.; Bjorkman, P.J. A freeze substitution fixation-based gold enlarging technique for EM studies of endocytosed Nanogold-labeled molecules. J. Struct. Biol. 2007, 160, 103-113. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  74. Mironov, A.A.; Beznusenko, G.V.; Sesorova, I.S.; Banin, V.V. How to measure structures, or new stereology: III. Stereology and electron microscopy. Morfologiia 2006, 129, 72-75. [PubMed]

Related papers

Characteristics and functions of lipid droplets and associated proteins in enterocytes
Armelle Leturque

Experimental Cell Research, 2015

Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are observed in enterocytes of jejunum during lipid absorption. One important function of the intestine is to secrete chylomicrons, which provide dietary lipids throughout the body, from digested lipids in meals. The current hypothesis is that cytosolic LDs in enterocytes constitute a transient pool of stored lipids that provides lipids during interprandial period while lowering chylomicron production during the post-prandial phase. This smoothens the magnitude of peaks of hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we review the composition and functions of lipids and associated proteins of enterocyte LDs, the known physiological functions of LDs as well as the role of LDs in pathological processes in the context of the intestine.

View PDFchevron_right
Lymphatic absorption of fatty acids and cholesterol in the neonatal rat
Looi C Ee

American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2000

High-fat diets are essential in suckling animals to ensure adequate calories for postnatal growth, but their lymphatic transport of dietary lipids has not been characterized. We established a lymph fistula model in suckling rats to quantify intestinal uptake and lymphatic transport of dietary lipids and analyzed lipoprotein fractions. Suckling 19-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats had their mesenteric lymph ducts cannulated and gastroduodenal tubes inserted. After overnight recovery, [(3)H]triolein and [(14)C]cholesterol were infused for 6 h. Of the total dose, only 38% of triolein and 24% of cholesterol were transported in the lymph of suckling rats. Analyses of residual luminal contents and intestinal mucosal homogenate showed neither reduced absorption nor delayed mucosal processing of ingested lipids to be the cause. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of radioactive mucosal lipids, however, showed a predominance of free fatty acids (60%) and free cholesterol (67%), implying impaired e...

View PDFchevron_right
Postnatal maturation of rat intestinal membrane: lipid composition and fluidity
Giorgio Sartor

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology, 1991

1. We studied the lipid composition and the fluidity of small intestine brush border membrane (BBM) of rats of different age: &#39;very young&#39; (5-7 weeks old), &#39;young&#39; (9 weeks old), &#39;adult&#39; (30 weeks old) and &#39;old&#39; (85 weeks old). 2. Fluorescence anisotropy, as assessed by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene probe (DPH), was increased from very young to adult rats. 3. In agreement with these results the lipid composition in adult animals showed a lower lipid/protein ratio (derived mainly from a lower content of total polar lipids) and an increase of cholesterol esters and sphingomyelin (SM) saturation index. 4. A marked decrease of the order parameter was observed in the &#39;old&#39; group, accompanied by a decreased cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. 5. The percentage distribution of membrane phospholipids significantly changed during development, but the modifications were not correlated with the anisotropy of DPH.

View PDFchevron_right
ORIGINAL REPORT Investigation of the Assembly of Chylomicrons in Hamster Enterocytes Using Pluronic-L81 Acid as a Probe
Mahnaz Mardani

2011

A major function of the enterocytes is absorption, processing, and export of dietary lipids into the lymphatic system. Pluronic L-81 is a non-ionic hydrophobic surfactant, which specifically inhibits lipid absorption in the intestine when administered in vivo. This compound is therefore an attractive probe to perturb and investigate the molecular and intracellular events in chylomicron assembly in the enterocytes. In the present study pluronic acid was administered to hamsters followed by isolation of the enterocytes and cell fractionation to investigate the effect of pluronic acid on intracellular events in lipid absorption. Four types of diet were administered to hamsters for three weeks; low-fat chow, high-fat chow and each diet with or without added pluronic acid. Sub-cellular fractions of freshly isolated enterocytes were prepared. Consistent with morphological observation, the high fat diet resulted in a threefold increase in the triacylglycerol (TAG) content of the enterocyte...

View PDFchevron_right
Lymphatics in intestinal transport of nutrients and gastrointestinal hormones
Patrick Tso

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010

The lymph fistula rat has been used for studying intestinal absorption of nutrients, especially lipids. Lipid absorption begins with the digestion of triacylglycerol (TAG) to form 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) and fatty acids (FA), which are then incorporated in bile salt-mixed micelles. The mixed micelles deliver these digestion products to enterocytes for uptake. There, 2-MAG and FA are re-esterified to form TAG, which is then incorporated into chylomicrons (CMs) to be carried by the lymphatic system. Coincident with CMs' secretion into lymph, the small intestine also secretes incretin hormones. Advantages of the lymph fistula model in studying CMs and incretin secretion include the following: (1) the animal being conscious, (2) much less dilution of CMs and incretins than in portal blood, and (3) fewer degrading enzymes than portal blood, e.g., dipeptidyl peptidase-IV. Examples of the lymph fistula model being used for studying CMs' transport in normal and pathophysiologic states are presented. Recently, the lymph fistula rat has also been used for studying the secretion of incretins by the small intestine.

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Genetics
  • Biology
  • Cell Biology
    • 580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved