Frontal sinus imaging: Tool for gender determination

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2019

The field of forensics in dentistry is a growing area of research in the recent times. Dental Radiographs are an important tool when it comes to identification of human remains when there is no other way to discern the identity of a missing person. This study aims to establish the use of Frontal Sinus for Gender Determination by using common Dental Radiographs and thus providing an uncomplicated option to decide sex from skeletal remains. Methodology: One hundred Digital Caldwell's Radiographs of 50 Males and 50 Females were studied using AutoCAD 2004 software for right, left and total area. Results: ROC curve analysis,Pearson Correlation and Simple Regression Analysis were used as statistical tools. The mean right, left and total frontal sinus area of males was comparatively higher than females. Conclusion: It was concluded that AutoCAD method to measure frontal sinus area in radiographs is a reliable method and can be used for determination of gender.

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2017

Personal identification and gender determination of unknown person has a vital importance in forensic investigation. Human skull radiography is a useful tool in human identification in natural disaster, in any accidents such as fire accident and road traffic accident where body remains become degraded or severely destroyed. Present study was performed to evaluate the measurement of frontal sinus, uniqueness of various pattern of nasal septum when combined with frontal sinus observed on posterio anterior cephalogram for sex determination as well as personal identification. A total of 80 individuals, 40 males and 40 females, between the age ranges of 18-30 years were selected. The selected individuals had their Posterio Anterior (PA) cephalogram performed after taking their informed consent. Right and left areas and the maximum height and width of the frontal sinus were determined and septum patterns were evaluated and both patterns were also combined and compared. The radiographs wer...

Curēus, 2024

Introduction: Gender determination of deceased individuals may become necessary in scenarios involving sudden and unforeseen fatalities like explosions, fires, transportation accidents, or instances of mutilation or decomposition, which frequently require medicolegal expertise. Forensic radiology is instrumental in identifying gender. The shape of the frontal sinus is considered distinct for every person, differing even among identical twins, much like individual fingerprints and establishing personal identity. Aims and objectives: This study was designed to validate and determine gender identification by evaluating frontal sinus measurements using digital posteroanterior cephalograms with reference to Yoshino's classification and to determine gender based on measurements of frontal sinus size, bilateral asymmetry, the outline of the upper border of the frontal sinus, partial septa, and supraorbital cells of the frontal sinus. Materials and methods: A total of 300 digital posteroanterior cephalograms (150 males and 150 females) of age groups ranging from 18 to 30 years were collected from the records of the

F1000Research

Background: Measurement of craniofacial parameters plays an important role in sex determination in forensic science. The present study was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to evaluate the morphologic structure of the frontal sinuses and compare it with the width of nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width which might help us in sex determination. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using 142 full field of view (FOV) scans of patients archived from the department. The width of the nose, cranium, maxilla, and mandibular width was measured and compared with the frontal sinus between the two sexes. Results: A paired t-test was done to compare the linear measurements for both sexes' right and left frontal sinuses. The measurements were higher in males when compared to females. There was a statistically significant asymmetry (larger dimension on the left side) of the anterioposterior (p-value of 0.012) and superior-inferior dimension...

Background: Te study of anthropometric characteristics is of fundamental importance to solve problems related to identifcation. Craniometrical features are included among these characteristics, which are closely connected to forensic dentistry. Radiography is used in forensic for the identifcation of humans especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or burned. Radiology can assist in giving accurate dimensions for which certain formulae can be applied to determine the gender. It has been reported that maxillary sinuses remain intact, although the skull and other bones may be badly disfgured in victims who are incinerated and therefore, that maxillary sinuses can be used for identifcation. Aim: Tis study has been carried out to check the accuracy and reliability of maxillary sinus in gender determination using morphometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) were taken and morphometric parameters of maxillary sinus were analyzed using AutoCAD 2010 software (Autodesk, Inc.). Results: Te mean area and perimeter of maxillary sinus in males was 1.7261 cm2 and 5.2885 cm whereas, the mean area and perimeter in females was 1.3424 cm2 and 4.3901 cm. In‑group centroids if someone’s discriminant function (DF) score is close to 0.838 then the subject are supposed to be male. Whereas, those having DF score closer to −0.838 are supposed to be females. DF analysis showed that, 76% of the original grouped cases were correctly classifed. Hence, the overall sensitivity and specifcity was found to be 80% and 72%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that morphometric analysis (area and perimeter) of maxillary sinus using AutoCAD 2010 software can assist in gender determination

2016

Aim: To test the validity of sex discrimination using lateral cephalometric radiography and discriminant function analysis in young adults and to set certain populationspecific standards for the same. Methods and Materials: Lateral cephalograms of 35 male and 35 female patients visiting the OPD of TIDHRC, Bilaspur were taken in a standard position with teeth in centric occlusion and lips relaxed. Each radiograph was traced and cephalometric landmarks were determined with the help of a good viewer. Calculations of 10 cephalometric measurements were performed. Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, and coefficient of variations were calculated for all the variables. The cephalometric data was treated using SSPS. Results: 4 linear and 2 angular measurements were significantly different between the genders, indicating the presence of sexual dimorphism in the skull. With discriminant function derived by using all the 10 variables simultaneously the sex was determine...

IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2017

Sex determination of skeleton represents an important stage in the execution of forensic anthropological examination. Skull is considered the second best region of the skeleton after pelvis to determine the sex. Radiographic cephalometry is ideal for the skull examination as it gives details of various anatomical points in a single radiograph. Discriminant function analysis is a statistical technique that enables the researcher to examine the relationship among two or more groups based on any number of variables simultaneously. Aims of the Study: To evaluate the sex determination technique from skull with the help of radiographic cephalometry and discriminant function analysis. Materials and Method: Total 100 patients (50 males, 50 females) were recruited for the study. Lateral cephalographs were taken on the Cephalostat of MEDI TRONICS ARCOGRAPH ZEUS RH using standardized technique. Each radiograph was traced with 0.05 mm black lead pencil. All angular variables were marked using 0.05 mm blue lead pencil and all linear variables were marked using 0.05 mm red lead pencil. Statistical Analysis Used: Unpaired t‑test. Results: Total 80 cases were classified into two sexual groups with 100% accuracy in our study. From our study we also observed that Frontal Bone Prominence (G-Sg-M), Supraorbital Ridges (G-SgN) and GPI Index are highly reliable variables for sex identification. Conclusion: The radiographic cephalometric technique and discriminant function analysis is a useful technique to determine sex from skull and seems a promising, less expensive and readily available tool in forensic and anthropological investigations for sex identification.

Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine

Background: Sex identification is an important step in the identification of unknown human remains; the frontal sinuses are significant in forensic identification due to its irregular shape. Study aim: Getting accurate method for sex identification among Egyptian population through frontal sinus dimensions using CT. Subjects and Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study, using 172 unidentified Para nasal CT images from diagnostic radiology department of Suez Canal University Hospital in Ismailia. CT images from patients aged from 21 to 50 years were divided into two groups. Group I included86 Para-nasal CT images of known sex in which males and females were equally included. Group II included86 Para-nasal CT images in not known to which sex is the researcher. Comparison and correlation tests were done to detect the variables with high statistical significance in sexual dimorphism between two sexes; these highly statistically significant variables were used to develop binary logistic regression formula for sex identification.Results:4 variables showed highest significance and correlation, which were Right sinus width (RW), Maximum total width (MW), Maximum total height (MH) and Right anterior posterior length (RL). Binary logistical regression formula showed overall accuracy of 73.2 %. Conclusion: CT analysis of frontal sinuses measurements provides a valid and reasonable method for sex identification.

Forensic Imaging, 2022

Sex identification is vital in establishing biological identity of unknown remains. In cases of fragmented skeletons, the resiliency of the frontal sinus suggests its potential in establishing biological identity. The traditionally used linear measurement has low reliability and is size-oriented, whereas geometric morphometrics is efficient as being reliable in characterising the shape. However, the frontal sinus approach for sex identification among Malaysians is yet to be explored. Objective: This study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism of frontal sinus among Malaysians using the twodimensional (2D) geometric morphometrics method. Methods: Lateral skull radiographs of 453 adult Malaysian, comprising 228 males and 225 females, were retrieved retrospectively. Eight 2D landmarks were applied to the lateral skull radiographs using TPSDig2 software. 2D geometric morphometric analysis was performed by MorphoJ software. Results: The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first three Principal Component (PCs) exhibit 83.0% of the total variance of the frontal sinus shape. Procrustes analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in centroid size and shape (p-value < 0.05) of frontal sinus between sexes. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) after cross-validation demonstrated a classification accuracy of 78.5% in males and 82.7% in females, with an average of 80.6%. Conclusion: High classification accuracy suggests that frontal sinus is a valuable tool for sex identification using 2D geometric morphometrics. The significant sexual dimorphism of the frontal sinus shape indicates its capability to aid in forensic investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which showed such findings among Malaysian population.

Neuroquantology , 2022

Background: The foramen magnum is a structure present at the base of skull. In MLCs, morphometry analysis of foramen magnum is important. In our study aim is to determine whether the foramen magnum and angular fronto nasal junction are useful in sex determination in western UP population using 3D reconstruction of Philips ingenuity core 128 slice computed tomography scan. Objective: (i) To estimate the foramen magnum among male and females to establish its role in sexual dimorphism using 3D computed tomography. (ii) To estimate anterior-posterior diameter, transverse diameter of foramen magnum and fronto nasal junction among male and female. (iii) This will help the forensic experts at time of emergency, and type of analysis in trauma. Methods and material: In this cross-sectional retrospective study 63 males and 87 females patient referring to the department of radio-diagnosis and imaging, Teerthanker mahaveer hospital and research center, Moradabad, UP west, India were evaluated. The required information about the transverse diameter, anterior-posterior diameter of foramen magnum, angle of fronto nasal junction were assesses by computed tomography brain scan. CHI-square and Pearson correlation was used for the comparision of diameter between both sexes. Results: Mean value of anterior-posterior diameter in male is significantly higher than in female, 32.636±6.43> 31.29±4.57 and transverse diameter is significantly higher in male than in female, 26.271±3.05>25.788±2.79. Anterior-posterior diameter is statistically significant at P<0.003 and transverse diameter is P>0.248. The mean value of fronto nasal junction angle is significantly higher in female than in male, 126.31±12.22>118.81±10.33. It is statistically significant at P<0.002. Conclusion: In our present study conclude from fact and result is sex determination from foramen magnum and fronto nasal junction in UP west population in male and female is significant and it should be useful for sex determination.