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Sociology

Geography and the present conjuncture

Profile image of Eric SheppardEric Sheppard

2022, Environment and Planning F

https://doi.org/10.1177/26349825221082164
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Abstract

Anthropogenic global heating is accelerating, with dramatic implications for the long-term prospects of humans and many other species, underwritten by the logics of Euro-centric capitalism compounded by the colonialism, racism, patriarchy, and commodification of nature that has accompanied it. Nationalism is re-emerging, as are socio-cultural divisions within national societal assemblages. Global capitalism faces a series of crises stemming from the consequences of these relations. Critics are quick to argue that non-capitalist alternatives can advance socio-ecological justice, but how? Geography is ideally suited to making sense of this conjuncture, critiquing the processes facilitating its emergence, and realizing alternatives. Yet we are far from achieving our potential, caught up in our own philosophical, ideological, and substantive silos. I argue that five priorities must be taken up if geographical thinking is to be suited for the present moment. We must be more historical in...

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This paper extends Tariq Jazeel's argument on cosmopolitanism to the Anthropocene. Jazeel argues that cosmopolitanism should be thought of geospatially, as a geographic analysis reveals that cosmopolitanism cannot escape its own historically Western spatial imaginary, ultimately collapsing difference and universalizing humanity (77). In reaction against suggestions that cosmopolitanism is a more ethical and socially responsible approach to changing environments, I maintain instead that the Anthropocene already operates within a cosmopolitan geospatial imaginary, which not only collapses blame and responsibility in the face of global environmental crises but also silences and erases the historical contexts of exploitation and extraction that follow within north-south lines of coloniality. Therefore, a decolonization of the cosmopolitan geospatial imaginary of the Anthropocene requires, in order to situate continued coloniality in environmental geopolitics and international relations, looking at the frameworks of both the nation-state and cosmopolitanism. The sections follow a critique of this proposed dialectic working within systems of exclusionary politics of the nation-state and the collapsing politics of cosmopolitanism. Peter Marden has suggested that rising tensions between nationalism and cosmopolitanism are not as dialectically opposed as they might seemingly appear, but are both implicated within forces of globalization (37). I contend with Marden that these two conditions are actually much more intimately connected, but I also suggest that the rise of globalization as an "emergent" force, as Marden indicates, needs to be understood within imperial and colonial contexts-as globalization is connected to historical articulations of coloniality (Dalby 104; Doty 6; Epstein 3; Jabri 38). Perhaps it is no surprise that over the past two decades cosmopolitanism has been linked to another issue associated with globalization: climate change (Delanty and Mota 26-27). As Gerard Delanty and Aurea Mota state:

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Dialogues in Human Geography Eric Sheppard Geography , nature , and the question of development
Eric Sheppard

2011

During the last decade, geography has gained new salience as a development factor in the public imagination and policy realms, through the work of scholars located outside the discipline. Jared Diamond and Jeffrey Sachs have popularized the idea that a physical geographic backcloth, first nature, profoundly shapes the conditions of possibility for global economic prosperity or poverty, and sustainability. Geographical economists have built microfoundational accounts of second nature: how uneven geographies emerge on a uniform biophysical backcloth. ‘New’ development economists, now profoundly critical of neoliberal globalization, argue for both Keynesian and Hayekian alternatives. Notwithstanding their differences, these communities of scholarship share a sociospatial ontology that underwrites a stageist, teleological conception of economic development, to be made possible by globalizing capitalism. A geographical, relational/dialectical conception of the relationship between the ec...

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GEOGRAPHY AND THE CHALLENGE OF A " NEW " HUMANISM
Anne Buttimer
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Geo-capitalism and global racialization in the frame of Anthropocene
Dario Padovan

International Review of Sociology, 2019

The appropriation of nature under current capitalist conditions implies the intensification of processes of exploitation of labour, dispossession of peasants' lands, indiscriminate extraction of raw materials, and racialization of all these processes. These dynamics reveal a double process: from one side we are witnessing a global racialization generated alongside socio-ecological phenomena that are changing for the worse food, energy, land, water, and raw materials regimes. From the other side we are witnessing an imperious use of racist speeches, claims, public measures and violent practices aimed to galvanized the racial and racist spirit of European and American white populations against migrants and refugees driven by the underlying forces formerly recalled. These two dynamics are strictly interlinked. For a long time, researchers dealt with local dynamics and phenomena of racism often forgetting how global, large, planetary processes of exploitation, appropriation, and dispossession sculpt these dynamics at the local level. This article aims to deal with these processes of global racialization and racism by an analysis of the process of accumulation based on 'racialized unequal exchange' fostering the idea that that unequal ecological exchange bases on historical division of people in different subordinate races in line with the global neoliberal order.

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