Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande

Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos (NIC2016), 2017

We present our latest results of two-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations for about 400 progenitors. Our self-consistent supernova models reveal the systematic features of core-collapse supernova properties such as neutrino luminosity and energy spectrum, explosion energy, remnant mass, and yield of radioactive 56 Ni. We find that these explosion characteristics tend to show a monotonic increase as a function of mass accretion rate onto a shock. The accretion rate depends on the structure of the progenitor core and its envelope, which is well described by the compactness parameter.

Nuclear Physics A, 2001

In this paper, we discuss the current status of core collapse supernova models and the future developments needed to achieve significant advances in understanding the supernova mechanism and supernova phenomenology, i.e., in developing a supernova standard model.

viXra, 2021

It is proposed that the explosion, or actually, the fast expansion of the envelope of a core-collapse supernova is caused by the action of a powerful electric field that is formed as a consequence of the action of the shock wave on the interface between the proto-neutron star and the plasma of the envelope during the first minutes of the collapse. The proposal explains also the shell-like shape of core-collapse supernovae remnants, the reason why there are different ejecta velocities and the origin of the radial magnetic field which has been observed in young supernovae and shows that a supernova is a very powerful particle accelerator. It is shown for the first time how the dynamics of the explosion is clearly connected to the light curve of the supernova. It is calculated that the radius of supernova KSN 2011d is about 411.4 solar radii.

Cornell University - arXiv, 2022

Super-Kamiokande has been searching for neutrino bursts characteristic of core-collapse supernovae continuously, in real time, since the start of operations in 1996. The present work focuses on detecting more distant supernovae whose event rate may be too small to trigger in real time, but may be identified using an offline approach. The analysis of data collected from 2008 to 2018 found no evidence of distant supernovae bursts. This establishes an upper limit of 0.29 year −1 on the rate of core-collapse supernovae out to 100 kpc at 90% C.L.. For supernovae that fail to explode and collapse directly to black holes the limit reaches to 300 kpc.

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, 2005

▪ More than four decades have elapsed since modeling of the core collapse supernova mechanism began in earnest. To date, the mechanism remains elusive, at least in detail, although significant progress has been made in understanding these multiscale, multiphysics events. One-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations of or relevant to core collapse supernovae have shown that (a) neutrino transport, (b) fluid instabilities, (c) rotation, and (d) magnetic fields, together with proper treatments of (e) the sub- and super- nuclear density stellar core equation of state, (f) the neutrino interactions, and (g) gravity are all important. The importance of these ingredients applies to both the explosion mechanism and to phenomena directly associated with the mechanism, such as neutron star kicks, supernova neutrino and gravitational wave emission, and supernova spectropolarimetry. Not surprisingly, current two- and three-dimensional models have yet to include (a)–(d) with sufficient realis...

Nuclear Physics A, 2014

For a long time Gerry Brown and his collaborator Hans Bethe considered the question of the final fate of a core collapse (Type II) supernova. Recalling ideas from nuclear structure on Kaon condensate and a soft equation of state of the dense nuclear matter they concluded that progenitor stars with mass as low a 17-18M ⊙ (including supernova 1987A) could collapse to a small mass black hole with a mass just beyond 1.5M ⊙ , the upper bound they derive for a neutron star. We discuss another nuclear structure effect that determines the carbon to oxygen ratio (C/O) at the end of helium burning. This ratio also determines the fate of a Type II supernova with a carbon rich progenitor star producing a neutron star and oxygen rich collapsing to a black hole. While the C/O ratio is one of the most important nuclear input to stellar evolution it is still not known with sufficient accuracy. We discuss future efforts to measure with gamma-beam and TPC detector the 12 C(α, γ) 16 O reaction that determines the C/O ratio in stellar helium burning.

Lecture Notes in Physics

Proceedings of XIII Nuclei in the Cosmos — PoS(NIC XIII), 2015

2014

Based on multi-dimensional neutrino-radiation hydrodynamic simulations, we report several cutting-edge issues about the long-veiled explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). In this contribution, we pay particular attention to whether three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamics and/or general relativity (GR) would or would not help the onset of explosions. By performing 3D simulations with spectral neutrino transport, we show that it is more difficult to obtain an explosion in 3D than in 2D. In addition, our results from the first generation of full general relativistic 3D simulations including approximate neutrino transport indicate that GR can foster the onset of neutrino-driven explosions. Based on our recent parametric studies using a light-bulb scheme, we discuss impacts of nuclear energy deposition behind the supernova shock and stellar rotation on the neutrino-driven mechanism, both of which have yet to be included in the self-consistent 3D supernova models. Finally we give an outlook with a summary of the most urgent tasks to extract the information about the explosion mechanisms from multi-messenger CCSN observables.

New two-dimensional, high-resolution calculations of a core collapse supernova in a 15 M ⊙ blue supergiant are presented, which cover the entire evolution from shock revival until the first few hours of the explosion. Explosive nucleosynthesis, its dependence upon convective mixing during the first second of the evolution and the growth of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities at the composition interfaces of the progenitor star are all modeled consistently and allow for a comparison with observational data. We confirm our earlier findings, that the perturbations induced by neutrino driven convection are sufficiently strong to seed large-scale Rayleigh-Taylor mixing and to destroy the onion-shell structure of the stellar He-core. As in our earlier calculations, the strong deceleration of the nickel clumps in the layers adjacent to the He/H interface suggests that the high velocities of iron-group elements observed in SN 1987 A cannot be explained on the basis of currently favored progenitor models. Possible solutions to this dilemma and the implications of the mixing for type Ib explosions are briefly discussed.