Mechanical Engineering

A project based on various aspects of a basic thermal power plant.
Includes basic concepts, components of a thermal power plant and their functions. It also includes detailed data on basics of a superheater, their types, advantages and disadvantages,etc.

Grinding process is generally used for making products requiring high surface finish. However, due to high thermo-mechanical load, stresses are generated inside the ground workpiece. Residual stress, if tensile in nature, has detrimental effect on the workpiece. Thus, assessment of residual stress is important for fatigue analysis, safety design and strength evaluation. In this paper, a finite element thermo-mechanical model is used for evaluating distribution of stress induced during surface grinding of titanium Grade-1 flats. The stress generated in the product can be minimized by using coolant. Wet with pneumatic barrier condition gives more control on stress generation due to effective cooling. Stress generated during grinding can be controlled by controlling infeed also. Through analytical approach, it is found that simulation of experimental findings becomes possible. Therefore, using this technique, requirement of rigorous experimentation may be reduced significantly.

The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is a unique gauge for measuring the marine transportation of major dry bulk shipments. Increased sea freight is a precursor to the increase in economic activities. The volumes of sea trade and freight rates are influenced by import-export dynamics and changes in commodity prices. So, levels of commodity prices are monitored to gain insight into the anticipated demand for bulk shipments. In this study, the causality-in-quantiles (CiQ) model is used to model the causal relationship between BDI spot values and spot price of major dry bulk commodities like iron ore, aluminum, copper, agricultural products by considering 12 years of daily data. CiQ model is superior compared to other linear causality models as it helps in capturing the asymmetry and nonlinearity in causality based on different quantiles or market conditions i.e., bearish, normal, and bullish market conditions. Also, it captures the causality-in-mean as well as variance and helps in exploring the causal relationship in returns as well as volatility transmission between BDI and commodity prices. The finding of the paper throws interesting light on the asymmetric relationship between BDI and commodity prices-commodity prices are causing BDI in all market conditions, but the influence is stronger in normal periods than bearish and bullish periods. The causality from commodity to BDI follows a common pattern across most of the commodities. However, the effect of BDI on commodities considerably varies across the range of commodities and across market conditions. So, this model provides a plethora of information that will help commodity market participants to hedge the risk of variations in commodity price and freight rates effectively.

The project subject is "Study of re-melting strategies for crack reduction in SLM of tool steel”. The project work evolves around an additive manufacturing (AM) process, namely selective laser melting. The aim is to study the process parameters for defect-free manufacturing conditions. The work is related to an ongoing regional project namely Made4Lo.

The aim of the thesis is to investigate the role of government expenditure, social and economic services expenditure to be specific, in creating industrial locations, so that such locations (henceforth called “regions” interchangeably) attract investment and exhibit regional growth. The purpose is to evaluate the importance of the State government’s intervention in creating industrial locations for firms directly or indirectly. Government expenditure includes both State and Central Government expenditure, the former being an explicit variable in my thesis and the latter is reflected through existing material conditions in the regions. Regions, for the sake of simplicity and ease of analysis, denote the different States (sub-national administrative units) of India in the panel analysis that follows. In other cases, the term “region” is also used to denote geographic areas larger than these administrative units and such areas are usually a group of states in this case. In the following chapters, therefore, the meaning of “region” is often used interchangeably except in instances of the formal statistical study, in which case a “region” would strictly denote the States of India.
The reason for choosing “Industrial Location” as the prime interest of my thesis is its importance from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as adopted by the member states of the UN in 2015, which recognize that ending poverty and other privations must be carried out along with spurring economic growth. One of these goals, SDG9, focuses on building resilient infrastructure and inclusive industrialisation for prosperity in developing countries. Prior to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Lima Declaration, adopted in 2013, also targeted industrialisation in developing countries as a necessity. Paragraph 2 of the Lima Declaration reads: “industrialization is a driver of development. Industry increases productivity, and job creation and generates income, thereby contributing to poverty eradication and addressing other development goals, as well as providing opportunities for social inclusion, including gender equality, empowering women and girls and creating decent employment for the youth. As the industry develops, it drives an increase of value addition and enhances the application of science, technology and innovation, therefore encouraging greater investment in skills and education, and thus providing the resources to meet broader, inclusive and sustainable development objectives.” These motivations reinforce my idea of studying the relationship between government intervention in India and industrial location (studied in terms of agglomeration forces). The primary reason for choosing India, and its States as units for studying industrial location theory, is its characteristics as a developing country. In terms of area, the States are as big as countries of the EU, and since panel analysis of EU countries has been done in the past, it gives us plenty of literature to learn from.
The following chapters have been arranged so as to facilitate the reader to understand the theoretical basis of industrial location and industrialisation before moving on to India’s context. Chapter 2 provides the reader with the necessary theories of industrial location and
economic geography. It also includes the literature survey in these two broad areas. Chapter 3 is exclusively about industrialisation in India – its history, peculiarities, present situation and the reasons for analysing the disparities in industrial locations in India. Chapter 4 concerns the panel analysis of data obtained for India to answer the questions put forward in this thesis. The final chapter summarizes and concludes the main results of Chapter 4.

It is important for marketers of branded eggs to understand their customer needs and the existing value chain. This paper endeavors to make a study on the existing value chain and to map different kinds of eggs consumed and SEC of consumers. This study will try to explore relationship between kind of eggs consumed and pertinent independent variables.

Riverbank erosion is a complex phenomenon and sediment particles on the riverbank are subjected to a number of forces. In this paper the behaviour of a particle on a riverbank is analyzed for different types of saline water using a recent analytical model called the Truncated Pyramid Model. The particle is subjected to a number of forces, e.g., capillary cohesion, viscous force, force due to pore pressure and gravitational pull. It is highly influenced by the arrangement of other particles surrounding it. These forces have always been considered as a significant factor in determination of the threshold condition where the particle is about to escape from the riverbank. This limiting velocity of the particle is termed as the escape velocity. The escape velocity is strongly related to other parameters like the volumetric rate of erosion, entrainment rate etc. Here it is shown that the escape velocity changes significantly as the inter-particle distance and the volume of the liquid bri...

For the last few years, hyperthermia induced by the heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in an alternating magnetic field received considerable attention in the field of cancer therapy. Proper selection of magnetic absorption properties of the MNPs can be used to control the thermal effects. In this paper a numerical simulation has been presented to analyze the temperature field due to the heating of MNPs, injected into the malignant tissue, subjected to an alternating magnetic field. The main parameters which have a strong influence on the temperature field inside the tumor as well as outside the tumor region are analyzed using a thermo fluidic model in Ansys Fluent®. Result shows that proper selection of these parameters is quite important from the efficacy point of view of Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH).

Hyperthermia has been widely used in cancer treatment to destroy tumors. The important concept behind the technique is to heat a specific region, like a tumor so that above a threshold temperature the tumor cells are destroyed. This procedure, known as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), relies on feeding the nanofluid containing magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) into growth, then applying an external magnetic force field. In the present paper, the Pennes bioheat transfer equation is adopted to model the thermal tumor ablation in the context of magnetic nanoparticles. Numerical simulations are carried out considering different injection sites for the nanoparticles in an attempt to achieve better hyperthermia conditions. Employing a thermo-fluid model developed in ANSYS® FLUENT, the thermal influence inside the tumor is studied. The simulation permits the improvement of the most parameters concerned within the heating method of the tumor. It has been observed that the number of injection sites and their locations inside the tumor play an important role to achieve the desired temperature distribution within the tumor.

The thermal effect developed due to the heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in presence of external magnetic field can be precisely controlled by the proper selection of magnetic absorption properties of the MNPs. The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of temperature field developed within or outside the tumor, in the presence of an external alternating magnetic field, using a thermofluidic model developed using ANSYS FLUENT5. A three-layer nonuniform tissue structure with one or two blood vessels surrounding the tumor is considered for the present simulation. The results obtained clearly suggest that the volumetric distribution pattern of MNPs within the tumor has a strong influence on the temperature field developed. The linear pattern of volumetric distribution has a strong effect over the two other types of distribution considered herein. Various other important factors like external magnetic field intensity, frequency, vascular congestion, types of MNP material, and so forth are considered to find the influence on the temperature within the tumor. Results show that proper selection of these parameters has a strong influence on the desired therapeutic temperature range and thus it is of utmost importance from the efficacy point of view of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH).