Institue of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) showed 7 and 5 haplotypes in caprine GH gene exon-4 and exon-5 in Black Bengal, a prolific meat breed from India. All haplotypes revealed novel sequences. In exon-4 codons 6, 36 and 54 were polymorphic. At codon 6, AA arginine (R) changed to histidine (H) and proline (P), showing 6RR, 6HH and 6PP genotypes. At codons 36 three genotypes DD, VV and DV were observed due to SNP showing changed from aspartic acid (D) to valine (V). At codon 54, AA change from arginine to tryptophan (W) and 54RR and 54WW genotypes were observed. SNPs were also observed at codon 23 (serine to threonine) and at 37 (arginine to proline) in 8% of goats. In exon-5 nucleotide substitution (G/A) at codon 10 and (A/G) at 14 respectively changed AA from glycine (K) to glutamic acid (E). Silent mutations were also observed.

Kisspeptin is a class of neuropeptides that are the product of the Kiss1 gene. These neuropeptides play an important role in maintaining gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels and their release through hypothalamic neurons. Subsequently, they also play an important role in maintaining gonadotropin levels, as GnRH levels stimulate the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which allow induction of gametogenesis of pubertal maturation. The importance of the Kiss1 gene in reproduction became evident when natural mutations in this gene were discovered, which were associated with hypothalamic hypogonadism (HH) and delayed puberty. Kisspeptin and its KISS1R receptors are expressed in the mammalian ovary. The putative role of the Kisspeptin system in the ovary directly controls oocyte maturation, follicular development, and ovulation in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. These essential facts of kisspeptin and its receptor are necessary to mainta...

All Western-oriented massage, whether it focuses on relaxation or more highly skilled work, is based on Swedish massage and the strokes first formulated by a Swedish fencing master. The term Swedish is often used to refer to a "light" or "relaxation" massage, whereas the term therapeutic massage denotes a more contemporary massage that is corrective or rehabilitative.

Current study deals with the biological evaluation of locally characterized recombinant thermostable α-amylase in poultry broiler chicks. The enzyme was produced under pre-optimized conditions using E.coli BL21CodonPlus (DE3) cells transformed with pET21a containing αamylase gene from Thermotoga naphthophila. The enzyme was utilized for the supplementation of poultry feed. Regarding poultry trials, 150 day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 groups with 30 birds in each group. Group A served as negative control and was fed on standard feed without supplementation. Group B, C and D were fed on feed supplemented with 200, 400 and 600 IU/kg of locally produced recombinant thermostable α-amylase while group E served as positive control and was fed on feed supplemented with commercially available α-amylase. The birds were housed under controlled conditions for a period of 7 weeks. Supplementation of poultry feed with 600 IU/kg recombinant α-amylase resulted in significant enhancement of weight gain from 596g (Group A) to 694g (Group D), and improved FCR value from 2.17 (Group A) to 1.95 (Group D) at the end of 7 th week. Group D showed promising weight gain and improved FCR value of 694g and 1.95 as compared to 666g and 2.09 for group E supplemented with commercially available α-amylase. Locally produced thermostable recombinant α-amylase showed committed results and proves its potential for its utilization in poultry feed industry. Its domestic production at large scale will save huge foreign exchange for the import of this enzyme.

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism occur due to insufficient production and over production of thyroid hormones. Identification of thyroid diseases at neonatal and developing years enable physicians to treat thyroid dysfunction at the appropriate time and correspondingly aid to find hyperthyroidism in children below 3.5 year of age which is rare in children below five years of age. Objectives: 1To determine hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in children below 5 years of age by a biochemical screening of FT3, FT4, and TSH in the blood sample. 2Determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in children. Methods: 5ml blood samples were collected from hypothyroid and hyperthyroid children. Blood samples were centrifuged. Levels of FT4 and FT3 in the serum was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and level of TSH was determined by immuno-radiometric Assay (IRMA). Samples were analyzed, by computerized gamma counter. Thyroid hormone level distribution was analyzed by using Chi-Square and...

Human resources are the most important among all the resources an organization owns. To retain efficient and experienced workforce in an organization is very crucial in overall performance of an organization. Motivated employees can help make an organization competitively more value added and profitable. The present study is an attempt to find out the major factors that motivate employees and it tells what is the relationship among reward, recognition and motivation while working within an organization. The data were collected from employees of diverse type of organizations to gain wide representation of sectoral composition. In all, 250 self administered questionnaires were distributed among the employees of different sectors and they returned 220 completed useable questionnaires for response rate of 88%. The participation in survey was voluntary and confidentiality of responses was ensured. The statistical analysis showed that different dimensions of work motivation and satisfaction are significantly correlated and reward and recognition have great impact on motivation of the employees. Implications of the study for managers and policy makers in the context of human resource practices have been discussed. Limitations and guidelines for future research are also provided.