Department of Estonian as a Foreign Language

Artikkel põhineb eesti keele B2-taseme eksami lugemisülesannete valiidsust käsitleval uurimusel. Valiidsuse põhiküsimus on, kas test mõõdab seda, mida on soovitud mõõta. Lugemistesti valideerimisel on testi teoreetilise ja tulemuste statistilise analüüsi kõrval tähtis koht enesevaatluse (introspektsioon, retrospektsioon) käigus kogutud andmetel. Eksamistatistika põhjal on võimalik välja selgitada lugemisülesannete probleemsed küsimused, kuid probleemide põhjuste väljaselgitamiseks on vaja uurida, mis tegelikult ülesannete täitmise käigus toimub: mida testitavad mõtlevad ja missuguste otsustuste tulemusena vastusteni jõuavad. Eesti keele B2-taseme eksami lugemisülesannete valiidsusuuringus osales kümme vene emakeelega TÜ üliõpilast, kes introspektiivselt täitsid eksami kaks lugemisülesannet ning vastasid sooritusjärgsetele küsimustele. Enesevaatluse teel kogutud andmete analüüs kombineerituna testiteoreetilise ja statistilise analüüsiga näitas, et vaatluse all olnud ülesanded mõõtsid...

Evolution and spatial analysis of leishmaniasis cases in a rural area bordering a community outbreak in Madrid: 2001-2017 Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, widely spread all over the world, and an endemic disease in some Spanish regions. Within the Autonomous Region of Madrid, some south populations were affected by an outbreak from 2009. This outbreak had special features and implications related to epidemiology, reservoir and environment intervention. An increased rate in rural areas bordering the outbreak area was detected by epidemiological surveillance. This area has the same environment characteristics. The objective of this study was to research and analyze the evolution of leishmaniasis cases declared in a rural area and their comparison with the cases of the outbreak area. Methods: The cases declared to Epidemiology Surveillance Network have been used. Kulldorff´s tools were used for the cluster analysis. A hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) was made. Leporidae and vector information of the area was related to the location of cases. Results: The number of observed cases exceeded the number of expected cases in this area (epidemic index 7.8 in 2013), after the outbreak. This showed a relation between both incidence rates. It seemed to be spatial correlation when the number of cases was analyzed by census sections and grids (Moran´s I 0,208; z= 9,336). Using the hot-spot analysis, a higher incidence of the study area could be observed, and within Health Basic Area of Griñón after the outbreak years. A spatial relation between cases and a greater presence of vectors and leporidae was found. Conclusion: The distribution of leishmaniasis cases, in the period and study area suggests a link between the community outbreak and the increase of cases in the study area last years, overall in the rural area. It would be useful to strengthen surveillance and it should apply effective measures used in the bordering area if they were necessary. These measures can help to control the spread of the outbreak.