Drafts by Sahr Emmanuel
This report tends to explore the removal process of Pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater usin... more This report tends to explore the removal process of Pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater using microbes in fuel cell. It further reveal the current status of this technology outlining its advantages over some conventional processes which are used. Because secondary biological processes are unable to remove pharmaceuticals, tertiary treatments are used in WWTPs to remove them. Pharmaceuticals can be removed from wastewater using treatment technologies such as ozonation, membrane filtration, adsorption, UV-H2O2 treatment, membrane biological reactors, and electrochemical oxidation. However, every approach has drawbacks. For example, in ozonation treatment, by-products of parent pharmaceuticals are generated, necessitating a longer treatment period for complete degradation of these pollutants. Aside from that, membrane filtration has high operational expenses, and electrochemical approaches require external power . As a result, a new technique is needed that can meet the demand for pharmaceutical removal at a low operating cost without the use of external chemicals. This new technology is called Microbial Fuel Cell.
Recent trends toward carbon net zero and the growth of renewable energy as an alternative to foss... more Recent trends toward carbon net zero and the growth of renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels have resulted in a huge environmental focus on decarbonisation projects with a big emphasis on carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). For both carbon utilisation and storage, waste CO2 from heavy industries is captured and injected into geological reserves to prevent CO2 emissions. Captured CO2 can be utilized to make synthetic fuels or in the food and beverage industry. Several CO2 capture processes exist, including adsorption, absorption, membrane gas separation, gas hydrate formation, and mineralization. These technologies will be reviewed and a pespective on how they are used for carbon utilisation and storage will be further discussed.
Monrovia's population is growing, accompanied by rising urbanization. The pace of waste generatio... more Monrovia's population is growing, accompanied by rising urbanization. The pace of waste generation has grown in recent years as a consequence of growing urbanization, economic growth, improved living standards, as well as changes in consumer patterns and lifestyle choices. Unfortunately, improper waste management is a common obstacle to achieving environmental sustainability. The Monrovia City Coporation (MCC) and Paynesville City Coporation (PCC) are the two major entities that are resposible for the management of solid waste in the city of Monrovia. Though these two are public entities, there are still challenges that they are faced with. Challenges in the city include indiscriminate dumping since communal bins are limited, lack of advance treatment or proper recycling routes of wastes, lack of suitable technical and technological skills, lack of specialized vehicles, etc., and lack of community engagement. This study examines the institutional and regulatory environment of solid waste management (SWM) in Monrovia and for the country as a whole. The work the current waste management operations, which is then followed by a presentation of waste quantity, characterisation, and density as well as existing waste recovery and recycling methods. In conclusion, a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of Recycling/Composting of Organic and Plastic Wastes reveals that there are hugh potential of obtaining energy and compost from materials deemed as waste.
Atmospheric pollutants such as toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC), often known as BTEX (benze... more Atmospheric pollutants such as toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC), often known as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), pose a risk to human health. They enter the environment through mobile sources in urban areas, but newly polluted places are increasing importance in countries where fast industrialization is taking place in suburban or rural areas. VOCs can be characterized by volatility, functional groupings, and health and environmental consequences. Natural and anthropogenic sources produce VOCs. Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption are VOC routes. VOCs induce migraines, rashes, dazedness, etc. Non-destructive and destructive technologies are two categories of VOC processing technology. The former includes air stripping, adsorption, cryogenic condensation, and membrane separation, while the later includes thermal incineration, natural degradation, AOPs, and reduction procedures. Individual remediation techniques have shortcomings that require a hybrid technology or combination of processes. To avoid secondary contamination, the choice of VOCs treatment method should consider both its economics and effectiveness. Carbon adsorption is optimal for VOCs recovery, whereas catalytic oxidation is more efficient and cost-effective for VOCs destruction. VOC remediation methods must consider both their importance and the contaminated conditions. VOCs abatement technologies relate to VOCs' nature, economics, and the environment.
Nitrogen molecules (ammonia, nitrate, Nitrates and NOx) from wastewater, sewer, surface waters an... more Nitrogen molecules (ammonia, nitrate, Nitrates and NOx) from wastewater, sewer, surface waters and the atmosphere are among the pollutants that many countries are trying to eliminate. Because most domestic wastewater treatment systems are already overburdened with ammonia, removing nitrogen from concentrated secondary or industrial wastewaters is frequently more costeffective than dumping such wastes into residential effluent treatment systems. Since numerous technologies for biological removal of ammonia from concentrated waste streams become accessible in recent years, the cost-effectiveness of separate treatment has grown considerably. Nitrification, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) are all procedures that make use of modern microbiological principles. The removal of ammonia and other nitrogen compounds from concentrated wastewaters is the goal of these operations (i.e. sludge liquor and landfill leachate). The report discusses microbes that eradicate or convert nitrogen compound to less harmful forms, their application, the existing state of application, and potential future advancements.
The experimental results for dissociation constant, and Thermodynamics values (Entropy, Enthalpy,... more The experimental results for dissociation constant, and Thermodynamics values (Entropy, Enthalpy, and Gibbs Energy of Ammonium carbamate (Atmospheric pressure up to 103.03 kPa) into vacuum reactor. The relations between dissociation constant lnK versus 1/T temperature have been obtained based on the present experimental investigation from the graph.. Result shows a very small decrease in interfacial area with increase in temperature. The experimental results are used to calculate the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy.
In the highly complex and technical field of chemical
engineering where technology is evolving wi... more In the highly complex and technical field of chemical
engineering where technology is evolving with lightning
speed, it is very necessary to remain updated with the
latest advancements. Hence, interaction of the students
of the technical institutions with the plants and industry
is of prime importance.
This report talks about the recent advancement of transport phenomena in nano-scale, applications... more This report talks about the recent advancement of transport phenomena in nano-scale, applications of transport processes posed tremendous new challenges in the last part of 20th century in emerging areas like electronic cooling and MEMS (and NEMS) devices where heat, species and fluid flows are involved within very small dimensions, challenging the established paradigms of transport processes. This has given courage to the area of Nano-scale transport. Additionally, extending micro/Nano scale technologies to health sciences through Bio-MEMS and micro-Nano fluidic devices, bringing the concept of lab-on-chip in biological sciences have emerged as the latest important initiatives in this field. This has propelled the rise to inter-disciplinary research where engineering concepts are used to address the problems at smaller scales required for the problems related to fundamental sciences and their applications. This report on Nano Scale Transport phenomena highlight some of the scientific innovation that are been invented by researchers in the field of nanotechnology.
Papers by Sahr Emmanuel
The experimental results for dissociation constant, and Thermodynamics values (Entropy, Enthalpy,... more The experimental results for dissociation constant, and Thermodynamics values (Entropy, Enthalpy, and Gibbs Energy of Ammonium carbamate (Atmospheric pressure up to 103.03 kPa) into vacuum reactor. The relations between dissociation constant lnK versus 1/T temperature have been obtained based on the present experimental investigation from the graph.. Result shows a very small decrease in interfacial area with increase in temperature. The experimental results are used to calculate the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy.
Conference Presentations by Sahr Emmanuel
Proceedings of 2023 Beijing International Environmental Technology Conference, 2023
Rapid urban growth generates unmanageable volumes of construction and demolition (CDW) waste in c... more Rapid urban growth generates unmanageable volumes of construction and demolition (CDW) waste in cities worldwide, necessitating reliable
quantification of current and future waste trends to inform policy. Using
empirical data and a straightforward methodology suited to data-scarce regions, this study estimated Beijing’s CDW output from 2008 to 2022. CDW generation rates reflecting material losses and demolition processes were multiplied by construction/demolition areas to quantify waste. Results reveal over a 4-fold increase in CDW from 31 million tons in 2008 to 52 million tons in 2022. Concrete, brick and mortar comprised 85% of waste composition. Construction waste accounted for a larger proportion recently, totaling 57% over the 15-year analysis period. Using a -1% construction area growth rate and 40% project completion rate, CDW generation was forecast to reach 55 million tons by 2033. The exponential rise, outpacing utilization capacity, underlines the urgent need for CDW minimization, recycling and sustainable management aligned with circular economy principles in Beijing and similarly developing cities. Although omitted excavation waste contributes uncertainty, the scalable quantification methodology could help developing cities plan waste facilities and policies. While projected CDW growth rates may primarily reflect wider construction sector changes rather than climate policies, lack of linkage with economy-wide decarbonization trajectories highlights an area needing more research. By generating new insights plus an adaptable city-level waste modeling approach, this exploratory study provides a foundation for subsequent work to track on-site audits, connect localized data to carbon budgets, and realize ambitious reuse targets.
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Drafts by Sahr Emmanuel
engineering where technology is evolving with lightning
speed, it is very necessary to remain updated with the
latest advancements. Hence, interaction of the students
of the technical institutions with the plants and industry
is of prime importance.
Papers by Sahr Emmanuel
Conference Presentations by Sahr Emmanuel
quantification of current and future waste trends to inform policy. Using
empirical data and a straightforward methodology suited to data-scarce regions, this study estimated Beijing’s CDW output from 2008 to 2022. CDW generation rates reflecting material losses and demolition processes were multiplied by construction/demolition areas to quantify waste. Results reveal over a 4-fold increase in CDW from 31 million tons in 2008 to 52 million tons in 2022. Concrete, brick and mortar comprised 85% of waste composition. Construction waste accounted for a larger proportion recently, totaling 57% over the 15-year analysis period. Using a -1% construction area growth rate and 40% project completion rate, CDW generation was forecast to reach 55 million tons by 2033. The exponential rise, outpacing utilization capacity, underlines the urgent need for CDW minimization, recycling and sustainable management aligned with circular economy principles in Beijing and similarly developing cities. Although omitted excavation waste contributes uncertainty, the scalable quantification methodology could help developing cities plan waste facilities and policies. While projected CDW growth rates may primarily reflect wider construction sector changes rather than climate policies, lack of linkage with economy-wide decarbonization trajectories highlights an area needing more research. By generating new insights plus an adaptable city-level waste modeling approach, this exploratory study provides a foundation for subsequent work to track on-site audits, connect localized data to carbon budgets, and realize ambitious reuse targets.