Papers by muhammad ichsan
Depik
Karang Makassar is known as Manta point which is located in the Komodo National Park, Indonesia. ... more Karang Makassar is known as Manta point which is located in the Komodo National Park, Indonesia. This location is one of the habitat for manta ray. This research was conducted to find out the relationship between the appereance of manta ray with lunar pattern and tidal cycle. Observation data was collected from September to October 2012. Photo ID method was used to assess the number of manta ray appeareance. Lunar pattern data was obtained from USNO NAVY database, and tidal cycle was obtained from WX Tide Prediction Server. The result shows that from 20 dives, the highest average number of manta rays appearance was during full moon by 9,8 individual per dive. Meanwhile, during half moon and new moon were only 3 individual appearances per dive. On the other hand, based on tidal cycle, the highest manta rays appeareance was found during rising by 6,5 individual per dive, on falling by 4,4 individual per dive, and the lowest on slack by 3,4 individual per dive. We suggest that the best time for seeing manta rays in this location is during full moon and raising time.
PLOS ONE, 2020
Scalloped Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) is an endangered species which its populations have b... more Scalloped Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) is an endangered species which its populations have been declining globally including in Indonesia, the world's top shark fishing country. However, there is a lack of information on the recent population structure of this species to promote proper management and its conservation status. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and connectivity of the S. lewini population, in three major shark landing sites: Aceh (n = 41), Balikpapan (n = 30), and Lombok (n = 29). Meanwhile, additional sequences were retrieved from West Papua (n = 14) and the Western Indian Ocean (n = 65) populations. From the analyses of the mitochondrial CO1 gene, a total of 179 sequences of S. lewini, with an average size of 594 bp, and 40 polymorphic loci in four and eight haplotypes for the Indonesian population and the Western Indian Ocean population were identified. The overall values of genetic diversity were high (h = 0.717; π = 0.013), with the highest values recorded in Aceh (h = 0.668; π = 0.002) and the lowest in Papua (h = 0.143; π = 0.000). On the contrary, the overall value was fairly low in the Western Indian Ocean (h = 0.232; π = 0.001). Furthermore, AMOVA and F ST showed three significant subdivisions in Indonesia (F ST = 0.442; P < 0.001), with separated populations for Aceh and West Papua, and mixed between Balikpapan and Lombok (F ST = 0.044; P = 0.091). In contrast, genetic homogeneity was observed within the population of the Western Indian Ocean (F ST =-0.013; P = 0.612). The establishment of a haplotype network provided evidence of a significantly different population and a limited genetic distribution between the Indonesian and the Western Indian Ocean populations (F ST = 0.740; P < 0.001). This study showed the presence of a complex population of S. lewini with limited connectivity only in Indonesia separated from the Western Indian Ocean and requiring specific management measures based on the population structure at the regional level.
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 2020
HighlightUtilization, Growth, and Population of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) in Indian O... more HighlightUtilization, Growth, and Population of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) in Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Eligibility Status Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) from Lombok Strait and Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Biological Aspect of Parent Candidate of White-spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) from Serewe Bay, Lombok Timur District (2020)Study of Sustainability in Management of Malabar Blood Snapper Fisheries in the Indian Ocean Coastal Waters, Sumbawa Regency (2020)Growth Rate and Survivorship of Acropora sp. Fragments that Transplanted on the Artificial Substrate Made from Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (2020)Reproductive Biological Aspect of Panulirus penicillatus in Sumbawa Island Waters, Indonesia (2019)Fisheries Resource Status of Spiny Lobster Panulirus penicillatus in Labangka Waters, South Sumbawa, Indonesia (2019)Growth Rate of Acropora formosa Coral Fragments Transplanted on Different Composition of Faba Kerbstone Artificial Reef (2019)Agri...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
Indonesia is the heart of the Coral Triangle–the global epicenter for marine biodiversity, and ho... more Indonesia is the heart of the Coral Triangle–the global epicenter for marine biodiversity, and home to many endemic, threatened and protected species. There is a need for rapid, low-cost methods to better identify and tackle seafood fraud in Indonesia because Indonesia is also the world’s largest shark fishing nation. Levels of domestic consumption of sharks and their relatives are thought to be significant, with different drivers of consumption across different products and geographies, including active and passive consumption, where passive consumers being unaware of the species origin of their seafoods. This study applies a COI DNA barcoding method to identify seafood products sold in local markets, with the aim of better understanding of the species composition about non-fin shark products in the domestic trade, and assessing the reliability of the COI method for seafood forensics. The results showed that all sampled seafood products were successfully identified to the species l...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
Scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) are top predators in the marine ecosystem. This spec... more Scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) are top predators in the marine ecosystem. This species also began to be listed in Appendix II CITES in 2013 and received Indonesia government regulation through banning export. Kutaraja is one of fishing port Banda Aceh, and hammerhead sharks often caught as by-catch from coastal and pelagic fisheries that operate in Indian ocean western part of Aceh. This research aims to determine the size distribution and sex ratio of scalloped hammerhead sharks that landed in Kutaraja fishing port. Data were collected including length distribution and sex composition of captured scalloped hammerhead shark during January-December 2017. Results show that the size distribution of hammerhead sharks are between 62 and 272 cm in Total Length (TL) with an average of 131 cm TL for males and between 58 and 281 cm TL with an average of 128 cm TL for females. There was a positive relationship between the total length and clasper length. The Sex ratio of male an...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Thresher sharks (family Alopiidae) are an evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species... more Thresher sharks (family Alopiidae) are an evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species group. Indonesia is the world's largest shark fishing nation, and a global priority for reducing the capture of threatened shark species. Kutaradja port is one of Indonesia's largest fishing ports, located in the capital of Aceh Province, Banda Aceh, Western Indonesia. Kutaradja is a large oceanic port serving a variety of fisheries, from small scale to industrial fleets. One of the main fisheries operating from Kutaradja port is an industrial purse seine fleet targeting valuable pelagic fish, particularly tuna. Pelagic sharks such as threshers are vulnerable to capture in these fisheries, due to their co-occurrence with stocks of valuable pelagic species. Here we describe the volume and composition of shark catch in Kutaradja's purse seine fleet, based on daily landing monitoring conducted in January 2017 to May 2019. Our results show that the dominant species caught are thresher sharks (Alopiidae), which make up 51% of all shark landings. A total of 627 thresher sharks were landed during the monitoring period, consisting of 558 individuals of pelagic threshers shark (Alopias pelagicus) and 69 individuals of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus). The catch is dominated by mature females, which could be particularly detrimental to the reproductive capacity of the population. Fishers in purse seine vessels often catch these threshers with hand-lines, which are used as a secondary gear while the main fishing gear is soaking. Based on these findings, we proposed recommendations for reducing thresher shark fishing mortality, including restricting the use of secondary fishing gears and releasing incidentally captured sharks.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
The waters of North Maluku Province are known as a hotspot for sharks in Indonesia. However, desp... more The waters of North Maluku Province are known as a hotspot for sharks in Indonesia. However, despite the richness and importance of shark population in this area, information about shark fisheries and trade remains limited. The aim of this research was to fill this knowledge gap by identifying the characteristics of shark fisheries and trade in this region. We conducted interviews and field observations during August 2017 in two case study regencies: South Halmahera and Morotai. The result show that targeted shark fishing is practiced in Mano village, Gomumu Island, South Halmahera and Posi-posi and Leo-leo Villages of Rao Island, Morotai Island. Mano village’s fishery consists of 48 vessels, with the main fishing grounds in Halmahera and Papua waters. Posi-Posi and Leo-Leo Villages operate a fleet of 12 vessels, within the main fishing ground in northern Morotai waters. We identified two traders of shark products in Morotai Island Regency, and seven traders in South Halmahera Regen...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The elevated extinction risk of elasmobranchs is proportional with the increase of fishing mortal... more The elevated extinction risk of elasmobranchs is proportional with the increase of fishing mortality due to overfishing. Indonesia is the biggest shark fishing country in the world, with Tanjung Luar as a fishing village specifically targeting sharks. More than 30 species of sharks and rays that have been landed in Tanjung Luar recently received increased conservation status under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This research aimed to analyze the catch abundance of vulnerable or endangered elasmobranchs in Tanjung Luar and identify the fishing seasons. Four years of landing monitoring data from 2014-2017 were analyzed the fishing seasons and fisheries pattern of vulnerable or endangered elasmobranchs species in Tanjung Luar, calculated Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) based on fishing power index and also fishing season index. The CPUE of sharks and rays from 2014 to 2017 fluctuated but was not significantly different. We found that shark fishing season occurr...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Sharks and rays are vulnerable species, which are highly exploited in Indonesian waters but lacke... more Sharks and rays are vulnerable species, which are highly exploited in Indonesian waters but lacked of detailed information on their ecology and fisheries status. This research aims to assess the level of vulnerability of sharks and rays to overfishing using the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (rmax), derived from the Euler-Lotka equation, as a proxy of extinction risk. It is calculated based on several biological parameters including fecundity, maximum age, age at maturity, and the number of offspring. Using rmax calculation adapted to shark and ray life history traits by accounting for survival to maturity, we were able to calculate rmax values for 26 out of 208 sharks and rays species present in Indonesia. This includes vulnerable species such as Mobula alfredi, Prionace glauca, and Pristis zijsron. This result showed that rmax is a valuable tool which can be used to quantify extinction risk with some level of precision, but it also highlights the necessity to collec...
Fishes
The silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is the most common shark landed in Indonesian waters, ... more The silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is the most common shark landed in Indonesian waters, including in the Indian Ocean. However, even though they are frequently caught, there is a lack of information on the population and abundance of silky sharks in the Indian Ocean. Cilacap and Tanjung Luar are two of Indonesia’s shark fishery hotspots, both located on the edge of the Indian Ocean, which is a part of the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 573. The fishers from both places usually have fishing grounds in that particular fisheries management area. This research aims to update the abundance, and to investigate the factors, which influence catches of silky shark in the FMA 573 based on monthly enumeration during 2015–2016. This study found that standardized catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) or abundance indices of silky shark in the Indonesian FMA 573 increased from 2015 to 2016. We suggested that fish immigration and decreasing fishing pressure may affect the fish abundanc...
Shark and ray conservation and management in Indonesia: Status and strategic priorities 2018-2023, 2018
Sharks and rays are increasingly recognized as a priority species group for conservation action. ... more Sharks and rays are increasingly recognized as a priority species group for conservation action. They play critical roles in maintaining functional and productive ecosystems, and contribute directly to human well- being through the fishing industry, tourism industry and role in coastal livelihoods and food security. Sharks are also one of the most threatened species groups in the world, with several species experiencing drastic population declines across much of their range, and an estimated one in four species now threatened with extinction. The long-term maintenance of healthy shark populations is critical for people and the planet.
Indonesia is a global priority for shark and ray conservation and management, as it’s both a hotspot of diversity and a hotspot of pressures. Implementing effective conservation for sharks and rays in Indonesia is challenging for a number of practical, epistemological and socioeconomic reasons, including: species diversity, complex spatial and population dynamics, prevalence of incidental and non-selective fishing, indistinguishable products in trade, indiscriminate consumer preferences, and diverse and conflicting human uses and values. What is more, Indonesia is a large country, with a considerable coastline and ocean area, and limited resources for conservation and fisheries management. Despite these challenges, there is huge momentum and opportunity the improve the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years.
This document summarizes available information on the status of shark and ray species, sites and utilisation in Indonesia. It highlights some of the ecological and socioeconomic complexities surrounding shark conservation and management, and outlines five overarching strategic priorities and five key approaches for improving the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years. Implementing this strategy requires the development of nuanced interventions that are specific to the ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of certain species, geographies and people, and a concerted effort from a wide range of stakeholders.
PANDUAN PENYUSUNAN NON-DETRIMENT FINDINGS (NDF) UNTUK JENIS HIU DI INDONESIA PANDUAN PENYUSUNAN NON-DETRIMENT FINDINGS (NDF) UNTUK JENIS HIU DI INDONESIA, 2018
Sharks and rays are increasingly recognized as a priority species group for conservation action. ... more Sharks and rays are increasingly recognized as a priority species group for conservation action. They play critical roles in maintaining functional and productive ecosystems, and contribute directly to human well- being through the fishing industry, tourism industry and role in coastal livelihoods and food security. Sharks are also one of the most threatened species groups in the world, with several species experiencing drastic population declines across much of their range, and an estimated one in four species now threatened with extinction. The long-term maintenance of healthy shark populations is critical for people and the planet.
Indonesia is a global priority for shark and ray conservation and management, as it’s both a hotspot of diversity and a hotspot of pressures. Implementing effective conservation for sharks and rays in Indonesia is challenging for a number of practical, epistemological and socioeconomic reasons, including: species diversity, complex spatial and population dynamics, prevalence of incidental and non-selective fishing, indistinguishable products in trade, indiscriminate consumer preferences, and diverse and conflicting human uses and values. What is more, Indonesia is a large country, with a considerable coastline and ocean area, and limited resources for conservation and fisheries management. Despite these challenges, there is huge momentum and opportunity the improve the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years.
This document summarizes available information on the status of shark and ray species, sites and utilisation in Indonesia. It highlights some of the ecological and socioeconomic complexities surrounding shark conservation and management, and outlines five overarching strategic priorities and five key approaches for improving the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years. Implementing this strategy requires the development of nuanced interventions that are specific to the ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of certain species, geographies and people, and a concerted effort from a wide range of stakeholders.
The Economic Value of Shark and Ray Tourism in Indonesia and Its Role in Delivering Conservation Outcomes, 2020
As a hotspot of species diversity and fishing pressure, Indonesia is a global priority for the co... more As a hotspot of species diversity and fishing pressure, Indonesia is a global priority for the conservation of sharks, rays and their cartilaginous relatives (herein “sharks”). The high value marine tourism industry in Indonesia can create economic incentives for protecting and sustainably managing marine ecosystems and species, including sharks. This study estimates the economic value of shark and ray tourism in Indonesia and explores tourist preferences and local community perceptions of the tourism industry to understand the current and potential future role of this industry in shark and ray conservation. We identified 24 shark tourism hotspots across 14 provinces, with primary data collected from 365 tourists and 84 local community members over six case study sites. We use Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and travel efforts to extrapolate expenditures to other tourism sites. We estimate that at least 188,931 dedicated or partially dedicated shark tourists visit Indonesia each year. The median annual expenditures of these shark tourists is estimated at USD 22 million (for 2017), accounting for at least 7% of the total USD 1 billion marine tourism revenue in Indonesia in 2017 and 1.45× the value of annual shark exports in the country (inflation-adjusted to 2017 values). If sharks were absent from the surveyed sites, Indonesia’s tourism industry could lose ∼25% of these dive tourist expenditures. Despite this considerable value, our study indicates a mismatch between the absolute economic value of shark and ray tourism and its role in providing an incentive for conservation. Results from interviews with local communities in or near shark and ray tourism sites indicate that shark fishers are not well placed to receive direct economic benefits from shark and ray tourism. Since overfishing is the primary threat to shark populations, failure to engage with and appropriately incentivize these stakeholders will be detrimental to the success of Indonesia’s shark conservation efforts. If shark populations continue to decline due to insufficient conservation actions, the tourism industry could suffer economic losses from shark and ray tourism of more than USD 121 million per annum by 2027, as well as detrimental impacts on species, marine ecosystems, fisheries and people.
Sustainably managing shark fishing for livelihoods and food security in Indonesia - Darwin Newsletter February 2018 Life Below Water, 2018
Lying at the heart of the Coral Triangle, and spanning more than 6 million km2 of ocean and 17,00... more Lying at the heart of the Coral Triangle, and spanning more than 6 million km2 of ocean and 17,000 islands, Indonesia is a global hotspot for marine biodiversity with high levels of shark richness and endemism. It is also the world’s largest shark fishing nation, with average annual catch exceeding 100,000 tonnes per year.
Thresher sharks (Alopiidae) catch in the pelagic fisheries of Western Indonesia, 2020
Thresher sharks (family Alopiidae) are an evolutionarily distinct and globally
endangered specie... more Thresher sharks (family Alopiidae) are an evolutionarily distinct and globally
endangered species group. Indonesia is the world’s largest shark fishing nation, and a global priority for reducing the capture of threatened shark species. Kutaradja port is one of Indonesia’s largest fishing ports, located in the capital of Aceh Province, Banda Aceh, Western Indonesia. Kutaradja is a large oceanic port serving a variety of fisheries, from small scale to industrial fleets. One of the main fisheries operating from Kutaradja port is an industrial purse seine fleet targeting valuable pelagic fish, particularly tuna. Pelagic sharks such as threshers are vulnerable to capture in these fisheries, due to their co-occurrence with stocks of valuable pelagic species. Here we describe the volume and composition of shark catch in Kutaradja’s purse seine fleet, based on daily landing monitoring conducted in January 2017 to May 2019. Our results show that the dominant species caught are thresher sharks (Alopiidae), which make
up 51% of all shark landings. A total of 627 thresher sharks were landed during the monitoring period, consisting of 558 individuals of pelagic threshers shark (Alopias pelagicus) and 69 individuals of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus). The catch is dominated by mature females, which could be particularly detrimental to the reproductive capacity of the population. Fishers in purse seine vessels often catch these threshers with hand-lines, which are used as a secondary gear while the main fishing gear is soaking. Based on these findings, we proposed recommendations for reducing thresher shark fishing mortality, including restricting the use of secondary fishing gears and releasing incidentally captured sharks.
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 404:012080, 2019
Tonic immobility is an induce method to achieve a temporary condition of cataleptic-like, which i... more Tonic immobility is an induce method to achieve a temporary condition of cataleptic-like, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone, as a result of various procedures such as situate the object in an "unnatural" position or situation. This method has been widely applied on elasmobranch species, except for species of Hemiscyllidae. This study was intended to assess the application of tonic immobility on Hemiscyllium halmahera-an endemic shark to Halmahera Islands, Indonesia. Our study has shown that the average induction time ranged from 11.49 to 40.12 seconds, while the hypnosis duration ranged from 6.51 to 28.36 seconds. Based on our results, tonic immobility can be applied as non-lethal method to Hemiscyllium halmahera during capture and physical examination such as morphometric and weight measurement. However, we suggested to investigate further physiology examination such as heart rate, and breathing frequency. during tonic immobility phase on Halmahera walking shark or other reef shark species.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 137 (2018) 012048 , 2018
Bentfin devil ray (Mobula thurstoni) was recorded for the first time in Morotai waters on 3rd Mar... more Bentfin devil ray (Mobula thurstoni) was recorded for the first time in Morotai waters on 3rd March 2017. In a conservation management context, it is important to clarify the population of Mobula thurstoni and their relations with their habitat. Thus, we examined the existence of Mobula thurstoni with the physical parameters: depth, temperature, visibility, current, weather, and tidal. We measured the existence of Mobula thurstoni with the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) combined with Diver Operated Video (DOV) census. The research from 3rd March to 14th July 2017 (50 dives) showed the Frequency of Occurence (FO) is 50% per single dive. The highest aggregation of 30 Mobula thurstoni was recorded at 14th May 2017 and the average sighting was 3.1 Mobula thurstoni per single dive. Among the examined parameters, it was found that strong factor affecting the sighting of Mobula thurstoni were at the depth of 30-35 m, temperature of 30°C, visibility of 16-20 m, low current (< 1 knot), sunny weather, and tidal category of B. Analysis of UVC and DOV results show that the research location was categorised as feeding location for the Mobula thurstoni.
Fishes 2018, 3(3), 29, 2018
The elevated extinction risk of elasmobranchs is proportional with the increase of fishing mortal... more The elevated extinction risk of elasmobranchs is proportional with the increase of fishing mortality due to overfishing. Indonesia is the biggest shark fishing country in the world, with Tanjung Luar as a fishing village specifically targeting sharks. More than 30 species of sharks and rays that have been landed in Tanjung Luar recently received increased conservation status under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This research aimed to analyze the catch abundance of vulnerable or endangered elasmobranchs in Tanjung Luar and identify the fishing seasons. Four years of landing monitoring data from 2014-2017 were analyzed the fishing seasons and fisheries pattern of vulnerable or endangered elasmobranchs species in Tanjung Luar, calculated Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) based on fishing power index and also fishing season index. The CPUE of sharks and rays from 2014 to 2017 fluctuated but was not significantly different. We found that shark fishing season occurred in six months and ray fishing season occurred only in four months. The results suggested that management measures should focus on gear control and spatio-temporal closures which could have significant benefits for the conservation of elasmobranch species, and may help to improve the overall sustainability of the fishery.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278 (2019) 012043, 2019
Sharks and rays are vulnerable species, which are highly exploited in Indonesian waters but lacke... more Sharks and rays are vulnerable species, which are highly exploited in Indonesian waters but lacked of detailed information on their ecology and fisheries status. This research aims to assess the level of vulnerability of sharks and rays to overfishing using the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (rmax), derived from the Euler-Lotka equation, as a proxy of extinction risk. It is calculated based on several biological parameters including fecundity, maximum age, age at maturity, and the number of offspring. Using rmax calculation adapted to shark and ray life history traits by accounting for survival to maturity, we were able to calculate rmax values for 26 out of 208 sharks and rays species present in Indonesia. This includes vulnerable species such as Mobula alfredi, Prionace glauca, and Pristis zijsron. This result showed that rmax is a valuable tool which can be used to quantify extinction risk with some level of precision, but it also highlights the necessity to collect important biological information of the most vulnerable species to further estimate their status. This approach requires complementary information related to external threats such as habitat degradation, species economic value and threat level from local fishing effort and related fishing gears.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278 (2019) 012049, 2019
Indonesia is the heart of the Coral Triangle–the global epicenter for marine biodiversity, and ho... more Indonesia is the heart of the Coral Triangle–the global epicenter for marine biodiversity, and home to many endemic, threatened and protected species. There is a need for rapid, low-cost methods to better identify and tackle seafood fraud in Indonesia because Indonesia is also the world's largest shark fishing nation. Levels of domestic consumption of sharks and their relatives are thought to be significant, with different drivers of consumption across different products and geographies, including active and passive consumption, where passive consumers being unaware of the species origin of their seafoods. This study applies a COI DNA barcoding method to identify seafood products sold in local markets, with the aim of better understanding of the species composition about non-fin shark products in the domestic trade, and assessing the reliability of the COI method for seafood forensics. The results showed that all sampled seafood products were successfully identified to the species level, with an accuracy of 97-100%. Samples varied from different products including satay, salted meat, and meat curry, which are mostly sold in traditional markets. The magnitude, distribution and drivers of domestic consumption of shark product need to be understood in order to guide the design of future conservation.
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Papers by muhammad ichsan
Indonesia is a global priority for shark and ray conservation and management, as it’s both a hotspot of diversity and a hotspot of pressures. Implementing effective conservation for sharks and rays in Indonesia is challenging for a number of practical, epistemological and socioeconomic reasons, including: species diversity, complex spatial and population dynamics, prevalence of incidental and non-selective fishing, indistinguishable products in trade, indiscriminate consumer preferences, and diverse and conflicting human uses and values. What is more, Indonesia is a large country, with a considerable coastline and ocean area, and limited resources for conservation and fisheries management. Despite these challenges, there is huge momentum and opportunity the improve the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years.
This document summarizes available information on the status of shark and ray species, sites and utilisation in Indonesia. It highlights some of the ecological and socioeconomic complexities surrounding shark conservation and management, and outlines five overarching strategic priorities and five key approaches for improving the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years. Implementing this strategy requires the development of nuanced interventions that are specific to the ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of certain species, geographies and people, and a concerted effort from a wide range of stakeholders.
Indonesia is a global priority for shark and ray conservation and management, as it’s both a hotspot of diversity and a hotspot of pressures. Implementing effective conservation for sharks and rays in Indonesia is challenging for a number of practical, epistemological and socioeconomic reasons, including: species diversity, complex spatial and population dynamics, prevalence of incidental and non-selective fishing, indistinguishable products in trade, indiscriminate consumer preferences, and diverse and conflicting human uses and values. What is more, Indonesia is a large country, with a considerable coastline and ocean area, and limited resources for conservation and fisheries management. Despite these challenges, there is huge momentum and opportunity the improve the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years.
This document summarizes available information on the status of shark and ray species, sites and utilisation in Indonesia. It highlights some of the ecological and socioeconomic complexities surrounding shark conservation and management, and outlines five overarching strategic priorities and five key approaches for improving the status of sharks and rays in Indonesia over the next five years. Implementing this strategy requires the development of nuanced interventions that are specific to the ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of certain species, geographies and people, and a concerted effort from a wide range of stakeholders.
endangered species group. Indonesia is the world’s largest shark fishing nation, and a global priority for reducing the capture of threatened shark species. Kutaradja port is one of Indonesia’s largest fishing ports, located in the capital of Aceh Province, Banda Aceh, Western Indonesia. Kutaradja is a large oceanic port serving a variety of fisheries, from small scale to industrial fleets. One of the main fisheries operating from Kutaradja port is an industrial purse seine fleet targeting valuable pelagic fish, particularly tuna. Pelagic sharks such as threshers are vulnerable to capture in these fisheries, due to their co-occurrence with stocks of valuable pelagic species. Here we describe the volume and composition of shark catch in Kutaradja’s purse seine fleet, based on daily landing monitoring conducted in January 2017 to May 2019. Our results show that the dominant species caught are thresher sharks (Alopiidae), which make
up 51% of all shark landings. A total of 627 thresher sharks were landed during the monitoring period, consisting of 558 individuals of pelagic threshers shark (Alopias pelagicus) and 69 individuals of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus). The catch is dominated by mature females, which could be particularly detrimental to the reproductive capacity of the population. Fishers in purse seine vessels often catch these threshers with hand-lines, which are used as a secondary gear while the main fishing gear is soaking. Based on these findings, we proposed recommendations for reducing thresher shark fishing mortality, including restricting the use of secondary fishing gears and releasing incidentally captured sharks.