Papers by Mohammed Saad Talib
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020
In VANET clustering, the cluster construction is dependent on the stable node list that combines ... more In VANET clustering, the cluster construction is dependent on the stable node list that combines the node within the coverage zone of the subject node. Higher size of stable nodes implies bigger clusters and more stable ones. On the other side, lower size of stable nodes implies small and sparse clustering performance. The size of the stable node list is related to various parameters within the traffic model. In the literature, few of the research work have concentrated on the relation between the traffic model parameters and the size of stable node list of a subject node. In this article, we aim at exploring the interrelation between various parameters and variables in the traffic model of VANET network in the highway and its impact on the coverage node list and stable node list. Furthermore, we aim at characterizing this relation to predict the cluster size and lifetime based on the provided parameters.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019
Vehicular communication networks received good consideration and focusing on diverse researchers ... more Vehicular communication networks received good consideration and focusing on diverse researchers in the latest years. Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) represents a developed type of an effective communication technology to facilitate the process of information dissemination among vehicles. VANETs established the cornerstone to develop the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The great challenging task in routing the messages in VANETs is related to the different velocities of the moving vehicles on the streets in addition to their sparse distribution. Clustering approach is broadly used to report this challenge. It represents the mechanism of the alliance the vehicles based on certain metrics such as velocity, location, density, direction and lane position. This paper is to investigate and analyze several challenges and their present solutions which based on different developed clustering approaches based on the affinity propagation algorithm. This paper is aim to present a complete taxonomy on vehicles clustering and analyzing the existing submitted proposals in literature based on affinity propagation. Presenting and analyzing the submitted proposals will provide these domain researchers with a good flexibility to select or apply the suitable approach to their future application or research activities. To prepare this paper in a systematic manner, a total of 1444 articles concerning the Affinity Propagation in clustering published in the era of 2008 to 2019 were collected from the reliable publishing sources namely (ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and SCOPUS). Due to their relevance, applicability, generality level and comprehensiveness, only nineteen articles among the collected articles were assigned and eventually analyzed in a systematic review method. A considerable success has been achieved in revealing the essential challenges and necessities for clustering based affinity Propagation in VANETs to guide the researchers in their upcoming investigations. This paper also contributes in dealing with open problems issues, challenges and guidelines for the upcoming investigations.
Vehicular Ad hoc Network for Intelligent Transport System: A review
The numbers of accidents are increasing in an exponential manner with the growing of vehicles num... more The numbers of accidents are increasing in an exponential manner with the growing of vehicles numbers on roads in recent years. This huge number of vehicles increases the traffic congestion rates. Therefore, new technologies are so important to reduce the victims in the roads and improve the traffic safety. The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) represents an emerging technology to improve the road's safety and traffic efficiency. ITS have various safety and not safety applications. Numerous methods are intended to develop the smart transport systems. The crucial form is the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET). VANET is becoming the most common network in ITS. It confirms human’s safety on streets by dissemination protection messages among vehicles. Optimizing the traffic management operations represent an urgent issue in this era a according to the massive growing in number of circulating vehicles, traffic congestions and road accidents. Street congestions can have significant negative impact on the life quality, passenger's safety, daily activities, economic and environmental for citizens and organizations. Current progresses in communication and computing paradigms fetched the improvement of inclusive intelligent devices equipped with wireless communication capability and high efficiency processors.
Current era is characterized by the fast development in the motorized engineering; current vehicl... more Current era is characterized by the fast development in the motorized engineering; current vehicles are provided by on board units, sensors, GPS and other communication competences as integration components. "Vehicular ad hoc networks" (VANETs) becomes a reasonably investigation field for both industry and academy researchers due to their high dynamic topology and expectable motion.VANET holds a chance to save people's life by offering certain useful information and predictions to the drivers about the road situations. These paper summaries the VANET architecture and structure; give overview of its main considered features to be the core development in the future Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). VANET's clustering, communications and applications in addition to the suggested future directions are stated in the end of this paper.
Data Dissemination Based Clustering Techniques for VANETS: A Review
— Exploration on Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is still having great consideration by most o... more — Exploration on Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is still having great consideration by most of the interest researchers. VANET are characterized by its high mobility and various vehicles distributions on roads among other wireless communication networks. The essential purpose of VANET is to exchange safety and entertainment messages among vehicles. VANET environment topology is changing repeatedly due to vehicles high velocity. Such feature will effectively break the communication links between vehicles. It can also rise the routing overhead and reduce the life time of the network. The supreme feasible solution to solve this difficulty is by applying clustering. Clustering is to group the vehicles into sets according to some conditions, rules or characteristics. It also represents an effective methodology to recover the networking protocol scalability. Forming and maintaining suitable cluster to achieve VANETs purposes is creating a big exciting challenge. A stable cluster is indispensable to ensure effective communication among the road vehicles in a dynamic environment. Cluster stability can be achieved by maintaining the Cluster Head (CH) for long possible time, letting the Cluster Members (CM) staying for long duration in the same cluster and reducing the number of CH changes. To improve the cluster stability, Literatures show that mobility-based clustering is one of the best approaches. Certain level of stability can be achieved by taking vehicles density, direction, distances and velocities into consideration. This paper highlights the updated clustering approaches and sheds the light over the related relation between clustering and data dissemination in order to achieve reliable communication among vehicles in VANET's environment.
Energy in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) represents an essential factor in designing, controllin... more Energy in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) represents an essential factor in designing, controlling and operating the sensor networks. Minimizing the consumed energy in WSNs application is a crucial issue for the network effectiveness and efficiency in terms of lifetime, cost and operation. Number of algorithms and protocols were proposed and implemented to decrease the energy consumption. WSNs operate with battery powered sensors. Sensors batteries have not easily rechargeable even though having restricted power. Frequently the network failure occurs due to the sensors energy insufficiency. MAC protocols in WSNs achieved low duty-cycle by employing periodic sleep and wakeup. Predictive Wakeup MAC (PW-MAC) protocol was made use of the asynchronous duty cycling. It reduces the consumption of the node energy by allowing the senders to predict the receiver′s wakeup times. The WSN must be applied in an efficient manner to utilize the sensor nodes and their energy to ensure efficient network throughput. Prediction of the WSN lifetime previously to its installation represents a significant concern. To ensure energy efficiency the sensors duty cycles must be adjusted appropriately to meet the network traffic demands. The energy consumed in each node due to its switching between the active and the idle states were also estimated. The sensors are assumed to be randomly deployed. This paper aims to improve the randomly deployed network lifetime by scheduling the effects of transmission, reception and sleep states on the sensor node energy consumption. Results for these states with many performance metrics were also studied and discussed.
Saving energy or energy consumption represents the essential problem in the process of designing,... more Saving energy or energy consumption represents the essential problem in the process of designing, deploying and operating any "wireless sensor networks" (WSN). Most of the available produced sensors depend on a "limited power supply" battery in all their operations. Most of the sensors can perform the process of sensing, "data processing" and "wireless communication". Sensors can achieve various duties in WSNs according to their wanted applications. In most applications sensors are ordered into sets called clusters according to the network objective and its requirements. Clustering achieved many advantages, so it represents the first preferable approach in designing or improving any WSN. Each cluster includes one leader sensor node known as a "cluster head" (CH) and the other sensors known as member nodes. In most applications the sensor node with higher energy is preferred to be a CH to perform the process of data transmission and data processing while those with low energy are preferred to achieve the sensing task as cluster members. Simulation being the unique tool in evaluating and estimating the performance metrics of any new designed WSN. In this study, a main effort is made to study the effect of clustering approaches on the WSNs consumed energy. Many clustering approaches is simulated and evaluated with a developed suggested clustering approach. Three approaches were suggested, built and simulated to estimate the WSNs lifetime with their important behaviors parameters. Net Logo (5.2.1) as "multi-agent programming language" is suggested to be the simulation tool in this study.
—Vehicles in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by their high dynamic mobility ... more —Vehicles in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by their high dynamic mobility (velocity). Changing in VANET topology is happened frequently which caused continuous network communication failures. Clustering is one of the solutions applied to reduce the VANET topology changes. Stable clusters are required and Indispensable to control, improve and analyze VANET. In this paper, we introduce a new analytical VANET's clustering approach. This approach aims to enhance the network stability. The new proposed grouping process in this study depends on the vehicles velocities mean and standard deviation. The principle of the normal (Gaussian) distribution is utilized and emerged with the relative velocity to propose two clustering levels. The staying duration of vehicles in a cluster is also calculated and used as an indication. The first level represents a very high stabile cluster. To form this cluster, only the vehicles having velocities within the range of mean standard deviation, collected in one cluster (i.e. only 68% of the vehicles allowed to compose this cluster). The cluster head is selected from the vehicles having velocities close to the average cluster velocity. The second level is to create a stable cluster by grouping about 95% of the vehicles. Only the vehicles having velocities within the range of mean 2 standard deviation are collected in one cluster. This type of clustering is less stable than the first one. The analytical analysis shows that the stability and the staying duration of vehicles in the first clustering approach are better than their values in the second clustering approach.
Optimizing the traffic management operations represent an urgent issue in this era due to the mas... more Optimizing the traffic management operations represent an urgent issue in this era due to the massive increasing in number of circulating vehicles, traffic congestions and road accidents. Street congestions can have significant negative impact on the life quality, passenger's safety, daily activities, economic and environmental for citizens and organizations. Current progresses in communication and computing paradigms fetched the improvement of inclusive intelligent devices equipped with wireless communication capability and high efficiency processors. IoT will permit the evolution of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) from existing Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). In these days, cloud and fog computing approaches have been recognized for different applications of the fifth generation (5G) vehicular networks. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been recently considered as a flexible technique for linking wireless access networks and clouding computing (CC) centers in 5G vehicular networks. The inflexibility, short connectivity and non-intelligence shortages in VANET can be overcome now by integrating new emerging technologies. These emerging technologies are; vehicular cloud computing (VCC), IoV, Fog computing, Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), SDN and 5G. Integrating these technologies can create new developed technologies and services. These technologies can play a crucial role in building the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Achieving such dream by creating novel ITS will have a significant impact on traffic management and street congestions. This paper delivers a comprehensive investigation of recent technologies and their impacts on the improvement of the ITS to manage and control the traffic congestions.
Simulation techniques are being the most important tool that can be used in verification, test an... more Simulation techniques are being the most important tool that can be used in verification, test and implementation of the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) environments. These computerized techniques can be feasibly used as a virtual tool to model and operate any suggested environment. MANET was defined “as a set of mobile nodes that moved freely and connected among each other without any infrastructure”. Simulation represents a good reliable tool that can be used to
evaluate the performance of an existing or proposed MANET environment under different configurations along periods of real time. In this paper certain MANET’s environment was simulated and operated with AOMDV routing Protocol. The effects of the number of nodes, their speeds and their pause times were modeled and analyzed. The network simulator NS-2 was used as a tool to study and evaluate the effects of these factors. Many performance metrics such as throughput, packets loss, packet delivery fraction (PDF), average end-to-end delay, normalize routing load (NRL) and jitter were used as comparison indications. The simulation environment was implemented with different number of nodes, different speeds, and varying pause times. Significant effects and relations between all these parameters and performance metrics were found and calculated.
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Papers by Mohammed Saad Talib
evaluate the performance of an existing or proposed MANET environment under different configurations along periods of real time. In this paper certain MANET’s environment was simulated and operated with AOMDV routing Protocol. The effects of the number of nodes, their speeds and their pause times were modeled and analyzed. The network simulator NS-2 was used as a tool to study and evaluate the effects of these factors. Many performance metrics such as throughput, packets loss, packet delivery fraction (PDF), average end-to-end delay, normalize routing load (NRL) and jitter were used as comparison indications. The simulation environment was implemented with different number of nodes, different speeds, and varying pause times. Significant effects and relations between all these parameters and performance metrics were found and calculated.