A new attempt to use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a bio-drag reducing polymer agent for human bl... more A new attempt to use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a bio-drag reducing polymer agent for human blood flow has been studied. PVP was added at 0, 500, 750 and 1000 part per million (ppm) and mixed with human blood at room temperature for 2 minutes. Then, a cone on plate rheometer was used to investigate the effectiveness of PVP agent on blood rheological properties. The results showed significant effecting of PVP on blood fluidity characteristics, where the viscosity decreased as the PVP content increased or as a shear rate increased. For a certain shear rate, the shear stress decreased as PVP content increased. These changes will lead to increased mixing efficiency within the capillaries, increased oxygen transportation, increased tissue perfusion, modified red blood cells (RBCs) distribution, reduced pressure drop gradients, enhanced turbulent flow tendency, enhanced viscoelasticity nature of the blood and its strengthened non-Newtonian pattern. Also, the results showed that the viscosity-shear stress relationships become more linear at higher PVP concentrations. PVP addition caused no shifting in UV-absorbing positions and only moderate intensity changing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) parameters provide other indicators about the role of PVP as a drag reduction agent for blood flow, where all of the amplitude, hybrid and special parameters decreased significantly.
Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 2021
In this research an easy,acheap and simple method to measure contact anglesof... more In this research an easy,acheap and simple method to measure contact anglesof solution/polymer substrates was investigated. The new experimental system used simple components inadirect and an easy procedure to found contact angle of solution/polymer systems. Water was applied as solution on polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polycarbonate (PC) substrates by using control the shear rate. Then, the results compared to literature data of the same materials system to check the accuracy of technique. The results were showed interesting matching of the experimental measurements and reference data values in the cases PMMA and PET, the difference was about (0 and 1) degree, respectively. While poor ability which were representing in the cases PETF, PS and PE, the difference was around (17, 12 and 11) degrees, respectively. The contact angle difference average was 5 degrees, which represents moderate ability to measure contact angle in the case of PC.Keywords: Seedlings; Tomato; Eggplant; Bell Pepper; Sowing Device; Cam Mechanism; Productivity; Productivity; Cost; Resource Saving; Technology; Support Wheel.
Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, 2021
In recent months, many scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control coronavirus sp... more In recent months, many scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control coronavirus spreading by different techniques. These techniques usually focused on cutting the circlet of Covid-19 infection by both direct and non-direct ways. As a polymer composites widely used in everyday products, a short review of Polymer Nano-Composites (PNCs) for antiviral activity against Covid-19 has been achieved. Firstly, virus's structure, especially Covid-19 has been discussed. Then, different PNCs applications in bio-medical that work against coronavirus have been presented and discussed. Also, comprehensive review of antiviral activity mechanisms have been reported with selected examples of PNCs and applications.
Thin Films, Coating Science Technology and Application, 2021
In this research, easy and new technique system to measure contact angle of metals/metals system ... more In this research, easy and new technique system to measure contact angle of metals/metals system was introduced. The new technique system used a simple component in direct procedure to found contact angle of solder on metals substrate in wide range of drops volumes. Solder was applied into aluminum and copper substrate metals using control heating temperature of the substrate. Then, the results were analyzed by image J program to know the accuracy of the system. The results showed interesting difference contact angles values between standard and measured samples, for solder/Cu was about (-1.8) degree, while for solder/Al was about (-1.2) degree. Also, standard deviations of the experimental measurements were for solder/Cu around (3.7) and for solder/Al around (5.3), respectively. That means this system has interesting ability to measure contact angles of metal/metal system, especially solder/metal system.
Annals of Bioethics & Clinical Applications , 2021
Nowadays, smart home devices have started to take a part in everything in our life, which mainly ... more Nowadays, smart home devices have started to take a part in everything in our life, which mainly have been developed to consist from brain computer interface (BCI). In recent months, Neuralink BCI (1024-Electode) has been approved to be used by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA. That makes the ethical related studies have more attention to apply these devices and technologies in our daily life with more security. In this work, the ethical challenges of smart home systems that use BCI for personal monitoring, such as Neuralink Interfaces, have been reviewed, analysed and discussed regarding the fundamental principles in 'Statement of Ethical Principles for the Engineering Profession' of the UK. Firstly, a brief introduction of Neuralink BCI technology and important applications in daily life were discussed with related ethics issues. Then, proposed solutions and recommendations for every situation have been introduced and discussed as well. The main proposed ways to address that are establishing and introducing the related laws and rules, technology development of security and safety, and educate for acceptance culture in the society.
Nowadays, smart home devices have started to take a part in everything in our life, which mainly ... more Nowadays, smart home devices have started to take a part in everything in our life, which mainly have been developed to consist from Brain Computer Interface (BCI). In recent months, Neuralink BCI (1024-Electode) has been approved to be used by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA. That makes the ethical related studies have more attention to apply these devices and technologies in our daily life with more security. In this work, the ethical challenges of smart home systems that use BCI for personal monitoring, such as Neuralink Interfaces, have been reviewed, analysed and discussed regarding the fundamental principles in 'Statement of Ethical Principles for the Engineering Profession' of the UK. Firstly, a brief introduction of Neuralink BCI Technology and important applications in daily life were discussed with related ethics issues. Then, proposed solutions and recommendations for every situation have been introduced and discussed as well. The main proposed ways to address that are establishing and introducing the related laws and rules, technology development of security and safety, and educate for acceptance culture in the society.
Global Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, Jan 24, 2021
Since December 2019, scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control Covid-19 spreadi... more Since December 2019, scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control Covid-19 spreading by different ways. These ways usually focused on cutting the circlet of Covid-19 infection by both direct and non-direct ways. As a polymer composites widely used in every day products, a short review of Polymer Nano Composites (PNCs) for antiviral activity against Covid-19 has been achieved. Firstly, virus's structure, especially Covid-19 has been discussed. Then, different PNCs applications in biomedical that work against coronavirus have been presented and discussed. Also, comprehensive review of antiviral activity mechanisms have been reported with selected examples of PNCs and applications.
In this research, the flow behavior and stability of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles(NPs)/Po... more In this research, the flow behavior and stability of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles(NPs)/Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions were studied. PVA was mixed with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 weight percent (wt. %) of AL2O3 NPs. The cone plate rheometer was used to check the viscosity, due to the shear rate and concentration. The results show that the viscosity of PVA/AL2O3 NPs solution increase with the increase of shear rate, shear thickening, while decrease with the concentration. Then, the results fit to the fluid models by using a Rheocalc program. The flow behavior of the Poly(vinyl alcohol)/AL2O3 NPs solutions displayed solution characteristics that closely agreed with the Herschel-Bulkley fluid model. Beside that, the samples were examined also by other tests, such as Tensometer and pH meter, to predict and explain the flow performance mechanisms. In addition, after solvent evaporation, the solid samples were tested by the atomic force microscope (AFM) to understand the stability of Al2O3 NPs in the solid state and prove prediction technique more deeply, while the force attractions between polymer chains and NPs were figured out by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Since December 2019, scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control Covid-19 spreadi... more Since December 2019, scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control Covid-19 spreading by different ways. These ways usually focused on cutting the circlet of Covid-19 infection by both direct and non-direct ways. As a polymer composites widely used in every day products, a short review of Polymer Nano Composites (PNCs) for antiviral activity against Covid-19 has been achieved. Firstly, virus's structure, especially Covid-19 has been discussed. Then, different PNCs applications in biomedical that work against coronavirus have been presented and discussed. Also, comprehensive review of antiviral activity mechanisms have been reported with selected examples of PNCs and applications.
Rheological properties investigation of polymer solution with inorganic nanoparticles aqueous mix... more Rheological properties investigation of polymer solution with inorganic nanoparticles aqueous mixtures were studied. In the present work, Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) was used in a form aqueous solution, while titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2) was used as an inorganic additive. PVAc was loaded with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weight percent (wt. %) of TiO 2 nanoparticles, where the maximum concentration of TiO 2 was 4 wt. % that gives the enough information about the behaviour. Cone on plate Rheometer was applied to measure rheological characteristics of PVAc/TiO 2 mixture flow at different shear rates, while Tensometer, pH meter, and Densitometer were used to peer understanding of flow mechanisms. The results were shown a significant change in shear stress-shear rate behavior with the TiO 2 ratio increasing, especially at 2-3 wt. %. The shear stress decreasing with the shear rate increases. The viscosity tends to decrease with the high shear rate values about 1.14-1.3 s-1 in low concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticles about 0.5 wt. %. The pH and surface tension values show an interesting decreasing overall range of PVAc/TiO 2 nanoparticles. These results have an important effect on processing and capability production in polymer composites technology, as well as energy conception in polymer and composite technology of PVAc/TiO 2 nanoparticles composite.
In the present work, modeling and mechanisms analysis of polyvinyl pyridine (PVP) polymer/crude o... more In the present work, modeling and mechanisms analysis of polyvinyl pyridine (PVP) polymer/crude oil flow behavior at different concentrations of PVP were studied. PVP is added in five concentrations (0, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500) ppm. The cone on plate Rheometer was used to measure the flow behavior, while the Rheocalc program was used for the fitting of the theoretical data for the experimental results with related of many mathematical models, such as Casson, NCA/CMA Casson, Bingham Plastic, Herschel-Bulkley, Power Law and IPC Paste models. Results showed interesting fitting values (99.7%-100%) with regard for all models, except the Herschel-Bulkley model except in high loading of PVP. Also, there are no differences values of confidence of fit between Casson and NCA/CMA Casson models, due to no effect of spindle geometry on measurements. However, the best models which found to describe the behavior in low concentrations were IPC paste and power law models, while Herschel-Bulkley model was the more closely in high ratios of PVP. The prepared mixtures exhibit shear thinning tendency, which introduced the drug reduction behavior. The mixture of 500 ppm PVP shows poor fitting in most models, while the mixture with 750 ppm PVP shows high fitting in most models and exhibit shear stress stability up to about 33.8 s-1 shear rate.
In this work, a series of Natural Rubber (NR)/Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) blends were formulat... more In this work, a series of Natural Rubber (NR)/Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) blends were formulated to protect metallic petrochemical storage tanks from corrosive media. Therefore, these blends tested against a 10% HCl solution for 72 hr at room temperature. Blends series were prepared with different ratios of NR/SBR; 25/75, 30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, 50/50, and 55/45. Three types of carbon black (N-330, N-660, and N-762) were added individually to the 45/55 blend. Hardness, tensile strength, modulus, and elongation properties were tested before and after immersion in the 10% HCl attack media. All these mechanical properties decreased after immersion action accept hardness property. Up to 45 phr NR content, the hardness increased linearly independent on immersion action, but HCl immersion gives higher hardness values. Tensile strength increased up to 40 phr NR content with and without immersion and the immersion action decreased tensile values. The highest elongation value obtained with 35/65 blend with and without immersion. The 45 phr NR content gives the higher modulus, while the lowest value obtained with the 30 phhr content. For 45/55 blend, the hardness increased as the carbon black particle size decreased and immersion action gives higher hardness values. The tensile strength decreased linearly with the carbon black surface area, while with the medium surface area, the highest modulus and lowest elongation obtained.
Ethics Medicine and Public Health , Elsevier Masson SAS, 2020
Recently, many countries have decided to reopen gradually and some of them have thought that soci... more Recently, many countries have decided to reopen gradually and some of them have thought that social distancing has not had a significant effect. In our study, a new view of the importance of social distancing to prevent the spread of coronavirus has been presented in terms of the relationship between peak day and peak period and population density of nine countries. Data for nine different countries in different coronavirus situations have been analyzed. The analysis process was applied by using three programs, namely; WebPlotDigitizer, WSxM and Origin. The results provide evidence of the effectiveness of social distancing by calculation of the effect of population density on coronavirus infection. That was applied by two stages, the first one by determination of two different groups of countries depending on the rate and range of coronavirus spread. These two groups were countries with developed and developing COVID19 which lead to calculate the peak day and the period times of developed groups. Then, analysis of that data with population density was evaluated to indicate there are significant effects of population density on peak day and peak period times which explain the importance of social distancing between people to manage and control that. The results showed that there are increasing in peak day and peak period times with increasing the population density.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2020
In this work, the flow behavior characteristics for Iraqi crude oil using different polymer addit... more In this work, the flow behavior characteristics for Iraqi crude oil using different polymer additives were investigated. Polyacrylic acid (PPA) was added to the crude oil at different concentrations of (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different concentrations of (0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm). Results showed that PPA additions decreases largely the viscosities of the crude oil, and this dropping depends on the DRA concentration in the crude oil. Crude oil viscosity seems to be increases as the PEG concentration raised, increases with increasing shear rate, except with 400 wt.% of PEG. The shear stress increases as the shear rate increased, and its minimum value occurs at 300 wt.% of PEG. Density of crude oil increases with increasing the additives concentrations, both PPA and PEG. The value of surface tension was reduced gradually till to concentration of 200 ppm of PPA and sudden decrease after that. While adding PEG lead to increase the surface tension till to the concentration of 300 ppm and then reduced.
In this work, a Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) has been employed to reduce the drag of Iraqi crude oil... more In this work, a Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) has been employed to reduce the drag of Iraqi crude oil using Poly Vinyl Pyridine (PVP) at different concentrations (0, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ppm). Results show that a significant decrease in flow index values has been achieved at a concentration range of (750-1500 ppm) in which the lowest value is obtained at a PVP concentration of 1000 ppm. This has been clarified by obtaining flow indexes of less than unity indicating the sample shear thinning. Thus, using a DRA concentration of 1500 ppm for a pipeline decreases the pressure drop by 35.7 % capacity, pipe diameter and length of 0.02 3/s, 0.0508 m and 10 m, respectively. In addition, a maximum drag reduction of 35.1 % has been achieved at the highest concentration (1500 ppm). Therefore, the DRA addition saves the pumping power and increases the produced flow by 35.1 % and 27.5 %, respectively.
In this book, AFM Handbook; Theoretical Principles and Experimental Parameters; An Introduction t... more In this book, AFM Handbook; Theoretical Principles and Experimental Parameters; An Introduction to Theoretical principles and Experimental Parameters of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), both theoretical principles and experimental parameters have summered and presented in a simple way which can be quiet useful for any person who works in AFM fields. This book can be meaningful for theoretical lessons for undergraduates and postgraduate students as well as for the researchers. It has two chapters, the first one covers the main and art principles of AFM, with historical background, applications, types, and the main components in detail. The second chapter contains all output parameters in a comprehensive explanation with schematic figures.
In this book, the flow behavior characteristics for Iraqi crude oil using different polymer addit... more In this book, the flow behavior characteristics for Iraqi crude oil using different polymer additives were investigated. Polyacrylic acid (PPA) was added to the crude oil at different concentrations of (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different concentrations of (0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm). Results showed that PPA additions decrease largely the viscosities of the crude oil, and this dropping depends on the DRA concentration in the crude oil. Crude oil viscosity seems to increase as the PEG concentration raised, increases with increasing shear rate, except with 400 wt.% of PEG. The shear stress increases as the shear rate increased, and its minimum value occurs at 300 wt.% of PEG. The density of crude oil increases with increasing the additives concentrations, both PPA and PEG. The value of surface tension was reduced gradually till to concentration of 200 ppm of PPA and a sudden decrease after that. While adding PEG lead to increase the surface tension till to the concentration of 300 ppm and then reduced.
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Papers by Akram J Jawad
150, 200 and 250 ppm) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different concentrations of (0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm). Results showed that PPA additions decreases largely the viscosities of the crude oil, and this dropping depends on the DRA concentration in the crude oil. Crude oil viscosity seems to be increases as the PEG concentration raised, increases with increasing shear rate, except with 400 wt.% of PEG. The shear stress increases as the shear rate increased, and its minimum value occurs at 300 wt.% of PEG. Density of crude oil increases with increasing the additives concentrations, both PPA and PEG. The value of surface tension was reduced gradually till to concentration of 200 ppm of PPA and sudden decrease after that. While adding PEG lead to increase the surface tension till to the concentration of 300 ppm and then reduced.
Books by Akram J Jawad