Papers by George Buchanan
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015
Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and en... more Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and enriching metadata, establishing more connections across and between resources and enhancing consistency. While some software vendors and experimental researchers claim the tools can replace manual subject indexing, hard scientific evidence of their performance in operating information environments is scarce. A major reason for this is that research is usually conducted in laboratory conditions, excluding the complexities of real-life systems and situations. The paper reviews and discusses issues with existing evaluation approaches such as problems of aboutness and relevance assessments, implying the need to use more than a single "gold standard" method when evaluating indexing and retrieval and proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework. The framework is informed by a systematic review of the literature on indexing, classification and approaches: evaluating indexing quality directly through assessment by an evaluator or through comparison with a gold standard; evaluating the quality of computer-assisted indexing directly in the context of an indexing workflow, and evaluating indexing quality indirectly through analyzing retrieval performance.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004
In this paper, we explore approaches to multilingual information retrieval for Greek, Latin, and ... more In this paper, we explore approaches to multilingual information retrieval for Greek, Latin, and Old Norse texts. We also describe an information retrieval tool that allows users to formulate Greek, Latin, or Old Norse queries in English and display the results in an innovative clustering and visualization facility.
Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, Mar 14, 2020
While computers causing chaos is a common social trope, nearly the entirety of the history of com... more While computers causing chaos is a common social trope, nearly the entirety of the history of computing is dedicated to generating order. Typical interactive information retrieval tasks ask computers to support the traversal and exploration of large, complex information spaces. The implicit assumption is that they are to support users in simplifying the complexity (i.e. in creating order from chaos). But for some types of task, particularly those that involve the creative application or synthesis of knowledge or the creation of new knowledge, this assumption may be incorrect. It is increasingly evident that perfect order-and the systems we create with it-support highly-structured information tasks well, but provide poor support for less-structured tasks. We need digital information environments that help create a little more chaos from order to spark creative thinking and knowledge creation. This paper argues for the need for information systems that offer what we term 'bounded chaos', and offers research directions that may support the creation of such interfaces CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing~Empirical studies in interaction design • Human-centered computing~Interaction design theory, concepts and paradigms; • Information systems~Task models
Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval - CHIIR '19, 2019
Information interactions are strongly affected by the place where they occur. Specific locations ... more Information interactions are strongly affected by the place where they occur. Specific locations are often associated with searches on particular topics, and individual users perform different tasks in habituated places. A classic example of habituated space is the commuter who regularly reads the news on the train. This paper investigates these associations through four user studies that examine different uses of place in information interaction. Through this, we reveal the ways in which the location of information interactions makes them effective or ineffective. This extends our interpretation of the role of place in information interaction beyond established foci such as location-based search.
Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
... of Gratz, Austria) Massimo Melucci (University of Padua, Italy) Marc Nanard (LIRMM, Montpelli... more ... of Gratz, Austria) Massimo Melucci (University of Padua, Italy) Marc Nanard (LIRMM, Montpellier, France) A. Desai Narasimhalu (National ... in the Cervantes Project 638 Carlos Monroy, Rajiv Kochumman, Richard Furuta, Eduardo Urbina, Erendira Melgoza, Arpita Goenka Demos ...
What patrons want
Proceedings of the 2009 joint international conference on Digital libraries - JCDL '09, 2009
In this paper, we undertake a study of inexperienced information seeking scholars, identifying ar... more In this paper, we undertake a study of inexperienced information seeking scholars, identifying areas for improvement in their electronic information seeking and document triage process[3]. We propose a software aid, currently under development.
Improving skim reading for document triage
Proceedings of the second international symposium on Information interaction in context - IIiX '08, 2008
ABSTRACT When users seek for information, they repeatedly make rel-evance judgements on individua... more ABSTRACT When users seek for information, they repeatedly make rel-evance judgements on individual documents: the act of doc-ument triage. Recent research demonstrates that document triage decisions are prone to significant error rates. Doc-ument triage also affects the ...
A New Perspective on Collection Selection
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010
Abstract. Collection selection is traditionally a sub-problem of meta-search, and identifies coll... more Abstract. Collection selection is traditionally a sub-problem of meta-search, and identifies collections most likely to contain relevant docu-ments. However, we propose to treat collection selection as an indepen-dent search task with the goal of identifying collections that are relevant ...
The fused library: integrating digital and physical libraries with location-aware sensors
... In thismanually assisted mode, the context must be identified before the query is actually ... more ... In thismanually assisted mode, the context must be identified before the query is actually performed ... current library practices, and helped identify what impact digital material had on a visitor to the ... can imply their topical interest, the material on their desk is often a better guide. ...
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services - MobileHCI '07, 2007
There is much interest in providing effective mobile search tools. Our focus is the value of in-s... more There is much interest in providing effective mobile search tools. Our focus is the value of in-situ sharing of users' mobile search activity. The QnotA prototype displays other people's queries about locations in an attempt to both provide users with an enriched sense of the places they visit, and to accommodate the limited input and output capabilities of many mobile platforms. We present the prototype and user experiences it affords. A study has been performed which allowed us to gather logged usage data and subjective participant information via diary and interview protocols. We report on findings that give insights as to the use and usefulness of the approach.
Questions not answers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '07, 2007
Mobile search is becoming an increasingly important user activity. In this paper, instead of inve... more Mobile search is becoming an increasingly important user activity. In this paper, instead of investigating the most efficient and effective ways of providing search results, the answers, we consider the value of giving access to previous queries, the questions, relating to a user's location. By exposing what other people have searched for, the aim is to provide useful insights into
A framework for evaluating automatic indexing or classification in the context of retrieval
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015
Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and en... more Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and enriching metadata, establishing more connections across and between resources and enhancing consistency. While some software vendors and experimental researchers claim the tools can replace manual subject indexing, hard scientific evidence of their performance in operating information environments is scarce. A major reason for this is that research is usually conducted in laboratory conditions, excluding the complexities of real-life systems and situations. The paper reviews and discusses issues with existing evaluation approaches such as problems of aboutness and relevance assessments, implying the need to use more than a single “gold standard” method when evaluating indexing and retrieval and proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework. The framework is informed by a systematic review of the literature on indexing, classification and approaches: evaluating indexing quality directly through assessment by an evaluator or through comparison with a gold standard; evaluating the quality of computer-assisted indexing directly in the context of an indexing workflow, and evaluating indexing quality indirectly through analyzing retrieval performance.
Hear It Is: Enhancing Rapid Document Browsing with Sound Cues
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
Abstract. Document navigation has become increasingly commonplace as the use of electronic docume... more Abstract. Document navigation has become increasingly commonplace as the use of electronic documents has grown. SpeedDependent Auto-matic Zooming (SDAZ) is one popular method for providing rapid move-ment within a digital text. However, there is evidence that details ...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010
Traditional digital document navigation found in Acrobat and HTML document readers performs poorl... more Traditional digital document navigation found in Acrobat and HTML document readers performs poorly when compared to paper documents for this task. We investigate and compare two methods for improving navigation when a reader first views a digital document. One technique modifies the traditional scrolling method, combining it with Speed-Dependent Automatic Zooming (SDAZ). We also examine the effect of adding "semantic" rendering, where the document display is altered depending on scroll speed. We demonstrate that the combination of these methods reduces user effort without impacting on user behaviour. This confirms both the utility of our navigation, and the minimal use information seekers use of much of the content of digital documents.
Contributors' Biographies
Usability in Government Systems, 2012
Dempsey, Bert J 220, 222 Diaz, Paloma 224 Ding, Wei 84 Dolin, R 49
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries - JCDL '05, 2005
This paper introduces a new framework for building digital library collections and contrasts it w... more This paper introduces a new framework for building digital library collections and contrasts it with existing systems. It describes a radical new step in the development of a widely-used open-source digital library system, Greenstone, which has evolved over many years. It is supported by a fresh implementation, which forced us to rethink the entire design rather than making incremental improvements. The redesign capitalizes on the best ideas from the existing system, which have been refined and developed to open new avenues through which users can tailor their collections. We demonstrate its flexibility by showing how digital library collections can be extended and altered to satisfy new requirements.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001
This paper examines the issues surrounding distributed Digital Library protocols. First, it revie... more This paper examines the issues surrounding distributed Digital Library protocols. First, it reviews three prominent digital library protocols: Z39.50, SDLIP, and Dienst, plus Greenstone's own protocol. Then, we summarise the implementation in the Greenstone Digital Libary of a number of different protocols for distributed digital libraries, and describe sample applications of the same: a digital library for children, a translator for Stanford's Simple Digital Library Interoperability Protocol, a Z39.50 client, and a bibliographic search tool. The paper concludes with a comparison of all four protocols, and a brief discussion of the impact of distributed protocols on the Greenstone system.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2000
Most of today's digital libraries (DLs) are not designed for children. To produce usable and usef... more Most of today's digital libraries (DLs) are not designed for children. To produce usable and useful DLs, designers need to ensure that good design features are incorporated, taking into consideration users' needs. We describe our experience working with children as design partners and testers in building a children's DL of stories and poems for 11-14 year olds, using a concrete example to demonstrate our design philosophy and research approach. The study provides insights on useful design features children's DLs should have, and their importance to children. The initial work we have done highlights issues and provides a basis for the building of usable and useful digital libraries for children.
Phra s e brow s ing tec hnique s us e phra s e s e xtra c te d a utoma tic a lly from a large inf... more Phra s e brow s ing tec hnique s us e phra s e s e xtra c te d a utoma tic a lly from a large informa tion c olle c tion a s a ba sis for brows ing a nd ac c e s sing it. This pape r de s c ribe s a c a s e s tudy tha t use s a n a utoma tica lly c ons truc ted phra s e hiera rc hy to fa c ilita te brows ing of a n ordina ry la rge W e b s ite . Phra s e s a re e xtrac te d from the full te xt us ing a nove l c ombina tion of rudime nta ry synta ctic proc e ss ing a nd s e que ntia l gra mma r induc tion te c hniques . The inte rfa ce is s imple , robust a nd e a s y to us e .
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Papers by George Buchanan