To evaluate the antiglycation and hypolipidemic potential of polyphenols from Zingiber officinale... more To evaluate the antiglycation and hypolipidemic potential of polyphenols from Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) of streptozotocin. This was followed by oral administration of 500 mg/kg each of free and bound polyphenol extracts of Z. officinale to the rats daily for 42 days. Distilled water and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were used as normal and positive controls, respectively. Results: Significant increases (p < 0.05) in blood glucose level (369.26 mg/dL), serum advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) (6.80 µg/mL), lipid profile and atherogenic indices, with decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (15.55 mg/dL) were observed in diabetic rats compared to control. Free polyphenol extracts of Z. officinale significantly reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose (147.96 mg/dL), serum AGEs (1.98 µg/mL), lipid profile and atherogenic indices while it significantly increased HDL-C (23.28 mg/dL). However, bound polyphenol extract did not cause any significant change in the lipid profile of the diabetic rats except for LDL-C. Conclusion: This study indicates that free and bound polyphenols from Z. officinale can ameliorate diabetes as well as its complications, and its effect is comparable to that of the standard drug, glibenclamide.
The effect of administration of suramin on the urinary levels of some lysosomal enzymes in rats w... more The effect of administration of suramin on the urinary levels of some lysosomal enzymes in rats was investigated. The urinary levels of acid phosphatase and lysozyme were significantly elevated 24 h after drug administration.
Effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite on the integrity of the rat kidney cellular system
Toxicology, 1993
The effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite, a food preservative, on the integrity of the... more The effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite, a food preservative, on the integrity of the rat kidney cellular system was investigated. The levels of activities of some &amp;amp;#39;marker&amp;amp;#39; enzymes were measured both before and after administration of between 1 and 15 doses of the chemical compound. Feeding of metabisulphite (5 mg/kg body wt.) to rats resulted in loss of alkaline phosphatase activities from the kidney beginning after the first dose. This was accompanied by a reduction of lactate dehydrogenase activity which was noticed as a secondary reaction, taking place after five daily doses. This was accompanied by an increase in alkaline phosphatase and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activities in the serum. An increased urinary excretion of protein and alkaline phosphatase activity was also obtained. Other enzymes assayed (acid phosphatase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities) were not significantly affected in the tissues and urine. All these results indicated that there is cellular damage to rat kidney as a result of chronic consumption of metabisulphite. They also indicate that the damage was primarily on the plasma membrane. The proximity of the soluble portion of the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane also makes it a secondary site of injury in the kidney cell.
Psidium guajava leaf extract: effects on rat serum homeostasis and tissue morphology
Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2012
... A sample of the leaves was air dried and pulverised into powder form using a shear blade elec... more ... A sample of the leaves was air dried and pulverised into powder form using a shear blade electric blender. ... renal disease and also when there is decreased effective circulating blood volume with decreased renal perfusion (Cameron and Greger 1998; Oyewole and Malomo ...
The effect of repeated administration of suramin, a trypanocide and filariacide, on the level of ... more The effect of repeated administration of suramin, a trypanocide and filariacide, on the level of alkaline phosphatase activity in some rat tissues and organs was investigated. Daily administration of this drug to rats resulted in a very significant increase in enzyme activity in the kidney and small intestine immediately after the first dose. Activity observed in the liver was not affected until after the third dose when the level was increased. In the heart and the large intestine, administration of the drug did not affect the enzyme activity levels throughout the duration of drug administration. These results suggest that repeated suramin administration may result in very large increases in alkaline phosphatase activity in the tissues and organs which are involved in active transport mechanisms.
Effect of Repeated Administration of Berenil on Urinary Enzyme Excretion with Corresponding Tissue Pattern in Rats
Pharmacology & Toxicology, 1989
The effect of repeated administration of berenil, a trypanocide, on urinary excretion of some enz... more The effect of repeated administration of berenil, a trypanocide, on urinary excretion of some enzyme activities in rat and their corresponding levels in the kidney and serum was investigated. Daily administration of this drug to rats resulted in increased urinary volume, excretion of protein, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. However, the level of acid phosphatase activity was not significantly increased while muramidase activity disappeared completely during the period of drug administration. In the kidney tissue, there was a significant loss of lactate dehydrogenase activity immediately after the first dose and this trend continued until the end of drug administration. In the same tissue, there was an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity while the lysosomal enzymes were not significantly affected. In the serum, except for the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, all other enzymes were not significantly affected. All these results indicate that there is cellular damage to rat kidney as a result of repeated berenil administration, and that the plasma membrane and the soluble portion of the cytoplasm are the primary site of injury to the cells. They also suggest that urinary enzyme excretion could be useful in determining the site of cellular damage by chemical agents in kidneys.
The Phyto-chemical composition and trypanocidal activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Psidium... more The Phyto-chemical composition and trypanocidal activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava (guava) was investigated in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Results showed that the extract contained a higher amount of flavonoids compared to tannins which is moderately present. Other phyto-chemicals present but in minute amounts included saponins, steroids, and terpenoids amongst others. The result of the test for trypanocidal effects showed that there was low to absolute zero parasitaemia in the treated rats compared to the infected and untreated control. Besides the attainment of low parasitaemia by the leaf extract, there was also an appreciable extension of life span of all infected and treated rats. The life span extension ranged from 30 days to 32 days post infection. The infected and untreated control animals died on the 8 th day post infection. We have been able to show that P. guajava leaf extract has trypanocidal properties which could be attributed in parts to the broad antimicrobial and iron chelating activity of flavonoids and tannins respectively. Iron chelation has been suggested by several reports as an effective way of killing trypanosomes. The prime target is the enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase whose activity is central to DNA synthesis prior to cell division as obtained in trypanosomiasis infection. This result thus makes P. guajava leaf extract a probable agent for managing African sleeping sickness.
The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of G. kola seeds ... more The phytochemical screening and the effect of administration of aqueous extract of G. kola seeds at the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight on daily basis for 7days on haematological profile of male Wistar rats was investigated. Male albino rats (215.00± 18.58 g) were grouped into four (A-D) such that animals in group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water while those in groups B, C, and D received same volume of the extract corresponding to 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract contained saponin (2.78%), steroids (1.14%), flavonoids (1.28%), cardiac glycosides (0.26%), cardenolides and dienolides (0.24%) while tannins, anthraquinones, phenolics, phlobatanins and triterpenes were absent. All the doses of the extract significantly decreased (P<0.05) the levels of Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and Red Blood Cells (RBC). In contrast, the levels of White Blood Cell (WBC) and platelets increased significantly (P<0.05). While the levels of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were not significantly altered (P>0.05) by all the doses of the extract, there was dose specific effects on the neutrophils and lymphocytes of the animals. Findings from this study have revealed that the administration of the aqueous extract of G. kola seeds at the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight once daily for 7 days is haematotoxic and therefore not safe at these doses for consumption.
To evaluate the antiglycation and hypolipidemic potential of polyphenols from Zingiber officinale... more To evaluate the antiglycation and hypolipidemic potential of polyphenols from Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) of streptozotocin. This was followed by oral administration of 500 mg/kg each of free and bound polyphenol extracts of Z. officinale to the rats daily for 42 days. Distilled water and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were used as normal and positive controls, respectively. Results: Significant increases (p < 0.05) in blood glucose level (369.26 mg/dL), serum advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) (6.80 µg/mL), lipid profile and atherogenic indices, with decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (15.55 mg/dL) were observed in diabetic rats compared to control. Free polyphenol extracts of Z. officinale significantly reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose (147.96 mg/dL), serum AGEs (1.98 µg/mL), lipid profile and atherogenic indices while it significantly increased HDL-C (23.28 mg/dL). However, bound polyphenol extract did not cause any significant change in the lipid profile of the diabetic rats except for LDL-C. Conclusion: This study indicates that free and bound polyphenols from Z. officinale can ameliorate diabetes as well as its complications, and its effect is comparable to that of the standard drug, glibenclamide.
Amelioration of pancreatic and renal derangements in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by polyphenol extracts of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome
Pathophysiology, 2015
Free and bound polyphenol extracts of Zingiber officinale rhizome were investigated for their ant... more Free and bound polyphenol extracts of Zingiber officinale rhizome were investigated for their antidiabetic potential in the pancreatic and renal tissues of diabetic rats at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. Forty Wistar rats were completely randomized into five groups: A-E consisting of eight animals each. Group A (control) comprises normal healthy animals and were orally administered 1.0mL distilled water on a daily basis for 42 days while group B-E were made up of 50mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Group C and D received 1.0mL 500mg/kg body weight free and bound polyphenol extracts respectively while group E received 1.0mL 0.6mg/kg of glibenclamide. Administration of the extracts to the diabetic rats significantly reduced (p&amp;amp;lt;0.05) serum glucose and urea concentrations, increased (p&amp;amp;lt;0.05) serum insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment for β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-β) while the level of creatinine and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were not affected. Histological examination of the pancreas and kidney revealed restoration of the structural derangements caused by streptozotocin in the polyphenol extracts treated diabetic rats compared to the control groups. Therefore, polyphenols from Zingiber officinale could ameliorate diabetes-induced pancreatic and renal derangements in rats.
Aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the doses of 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight was inve... more Aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the doses of 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated for its acclaimed antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-two albino rats weighing 170-190 g were assigned into six groups (A-F) of seven animals each. Rats in group A (non-diabetic) received 1.0 ml of distilled water orally, thrice daily for 8 days while those in groups B, C, D, E and F were made diabetic (150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan) and treated like non-diabetic except they received in addition, 1.0 ml each of distilled water (to maintain a similar treatment across all the groups), glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight), 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Several biomolecules that relates to diabetes were assessed using standard methods. The extract contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and phenolics. The fasting blood glucose of the diabetic rats at the end of the experimental period reduced significantly (P<0.05...
The phytochemical constituents and safety of aqueous extract of Crateva adansonii leaves on rats ... more The phytochemical constituents and safety of aqueous extract of Crateva adansonii leaves on rats were investigated. Forty rats were grouped into 4 (A-D) of 10 animals each. Group A rats received 1 mL of distilled water, while groups B, C and D received equal volume corresponding to 325, 650 and 1300 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively, for seven days. Five rats were sacrificed from each group 24 h after 7 doses, while the remaining five were sacrificed 24 h after discontinuing the administration for another 7 days (recovery period, day 14). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins (2.36%), alkaloids (1.34%), tannins (0.94%), phenolics (1.06%), flavonoids (0.09%), phlobatannins (0.54%) and anthraquinones (0.47%). The extract significantly increased (P<0.05) the kidney, small intestine and serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver and serum γ-glutamyl transferase (ϒ-GT), levels of serum globulin, white blood cells and lymphocytes, whereas the...
This study reports the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata Vahl on some biochemica... more This study reports the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata Vahl on some biochemical and haematological parameters of normal Wistar rats. Twenty, albino rats of both sexes weighing 146.21 ± 8.66 g were randomly assigned into four groups (A-D) of five each. Animals in Group A, (control) received 1 ml of distilled water thrice daily for eight days, while those in groups B, C and D were treated like the control except they were administered with same volume of the extract corresponding to 2.5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight respectively. The extract reduced (p<0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the kidney of the animals with corresponding increase in the serum. In contrast, the extract increased the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the liver as well as the serum ALT whereas the serum AST decreased. The total protein content of the animals increased whereas the serum total bilirubin, creatinine and chloride ion...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015
The folkloric claim of Musa paradisiaca sap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substanti... more The folkloric claim of Musa paradisiaca sap in the management of diarrhoea is yet to be substantiated or refuted with scientific data. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen the sap of M. paradisiaca for both its secondary metabolites and antidiarrhoeal activity at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mL in rats. Secondary metabolites were screened using standard methods while the antidiarrhoeal activity was done by adopting the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models. The sap contained flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids while cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, triterpenes, cardenolides, and dienolides were not detected. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model, the sap significantly ( < 0.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhoea, decreased the number, fresh weight, and water content of feaces, and increased the inhibition of defecations. Na + -K + -ATPase activity in the small intestine increased significantly whereas nitric oxide content decreased. The decreases in the masses and volumes of intestinal fluid by the sap were accompanied by increase in inhibition of intestinal fluid content in the enteropooling model. The sap decreased the charcoal meal transit in the gastrointestinal motility model. In all the models, the 1.00 mL of the sap produced changes that compared well with the reference drugs. Overall, the antidiarrhoeal activity of Musa paradisiaca sap attributed to the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and/or saponins which may involve, among others, enhancing fluid and electrolyte absorption through de novo synthesis of the sodium potassium ATPase and/or reduced nitric oxide levels.
Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2012
To evaluate the antioxidant and antiglycation potential of polyphenols from three spices; alligat... more To evaluate the antioxidant and antiglycation potential of polyphenols from three spices; alligator pepper, ginger and nutmeg. Polyphenol extracts of these spices were subjected to brine-shrimp lethality assay, phytotoxicity test, DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging as well as BSA-glucose antiglycation assay. Results obtained showed that polyphenol extract of ginger has the highest antioxidant potential with IC50 0.075 and 0.070 mg/mL for DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging assay while alligator pepper displayed highest antiglycation activity with IC50 0.125 mg/mL. However, nutmeg extract exhibited weakest cytotoxic and phytotoxic potential with LD50 4359.70 and 1490 µg/mL respectively. It can be concluded that the polyphenol extracts of alligator pepper, ginger and nutmeg displayed good antioxidant as well as antiglycation potential and are safe for consumption.
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