University of Ilorin | ANIMAL DEPARTMENT

Following the solid state fermentation of banana leaves (Musa sapientum lina) by lignin degrading mushroom (Volvariella volvacea), yield of fruiting bodies and compositional changes of the substrate were evaluated using a student... more

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- by YINKA BELEWU
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- Agricultural Biotechnology

The effect of biological extracts on the storage qualities of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model within a 15-day period. The control and the treated cheeses were stored under ambient temperature... more

Milk of tiger nut (A), coconut (B) and soybean (C) were evaluated for their nutritional quality potentials and for possible inclusion in the preparation of various confectionary products. The milk were analyzed for the total solids, pH,... more

The effect of preparing kunnu from Tiger nut (A) Millet (B) and sorghum (C) on the proximate composition, mineral content and sensory qualities were evaluated in a completely randomized design model. The results revealed highest fat... more

A study was conducted to compare the effect of fungi (Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus nigrican) based diet on the performance characteristics of West African dwarf goat (n=15). The goats (n= 15) were randomized against the experimental... more

The study evaluates the efficacy of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachitum) treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration on percentage packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin,... more

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- by YINKA BELEWU
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- Agricultural Biotechnology

Feed intake and weight gain of West African dwarf (WAD) goats consuming Rhizopus treated sawdust were determined. 27 WAD goats in a 3 x 3 Latin square design with a 196 day period consumed normal diet with 20% untreated sawdust (Treatment... more

Five fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus nigricans and Trichoderma longibrachitum) were used in the fermentation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake for a 7 days period in a completely randomized... more

Five fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus nigricans and
Trichoderma longibrachitum) were used in the fermentation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake for a 7 days
period in a completely randomized design model. The results revealed significant increase in the crude
protein content of all the fungi treated samples with Aspergillus niger and T. longbrachitum treated
cake recorded higher value compared to other treated samples. There was no significant difference in
the crude fiber content among all the samples. With the exception of ether extract content of sample
treated with Rhizopus nigricans which was similar to that of the control (untreated sample) other
samples showed lower significant values than the untreated (control) sample. Contrarily, the ash
content was significantly lower in the control sample compared to other fungi treated samples. The
content of the trypsin inhibitor was highest (18.6 mg/kg) in the control but reduced significantly in the
fungi treated samples (6.50 - 8.23). The lectin, saponins, phytate and phorbolester contents followed
similar trend. It could be concluded from this study that solid state fermentation of Jatropha kernel cake
detoxified and inactivate almost 100% of the antinutrient contents expect phorbolester to a tolerable
level in the A. niger treated sample.
Key words: Jatropha curcas kernel cake, proximate composition, trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytic acid, saponins,
phorbolester.
INTRODUCTION
Jatropha curcas L. Linnaeus 1753 is a small shrub plant
which grows wildly in the tropics and sub-tropics but it is
used as fencing in Nigeria. Apart from the University of
Ilorin that has the plantation of Jatropha, its economic
importance is still at the infancy stage in Nigeria
(www.unilorin.edu.ng). The plant could adapt to marginal
areas with poor soils and low rainfall (480 mm per annum
and 28.5°C) where growth is not in competition with
annual food crops. The cake which is obtained after the
extraction of the oil contains a crude protein content of
between 58 and 64 percent. Hence, it has high potential
to complement and substitute soybean meal as a protein
source in livestock diets (Makkar and Becher, 1997b).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: milkyinka@yahoo.com,
mabel@unilori.edu.ng. Tel: 234-8035817941, 234-8020594079.
The percentage of essential amino acids and mineral

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- by Oladimeji Ahmed and +1
  YINKA BELEWU
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- Agricultural Biotechnology

Effects of feed intake, weight gain and digestibility when growing Red Sokoto goats consuming Aspergillus niger treated and untreated shea-butter cake (SBC) were determined. Twenty five Red Sokoto goats in a completely randomized design... more

Effect of feeding Etanda africana seed meal on the consumption, weight gain and digestion of West African dwarf (WAD) goats (n=15) were determined in a 56 day feeding trial using a completely randomized experimental design. The E.... more

Six plants and spices were examined for their possible efficacy as medicinal plants in a completely randomized design model. The proximate composition of the samples showed greatest crude protein content for Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum... more

The effects of the fungus, Trichoderma harzanium, treated cassava waste on milk quantity and quality were investigated in a completely randomized design model with twelve lactating West African dwarf does. Goats were fed the experimental... more

A study was conducted to evaluate effects of Trichoderma-treated cassava waste on the haemotology, reproductive and urinary parameters of West African dwarf (WAD) does. Twenty mature WAD does were allotted randomly to one four treatments... more

The effects of the fungus, Trichoderma harzanium, treated cassava waste on milk quantity and quality were investigated in a completely randomized design model with twelve lactating West African dwarf does. Goats were fed the experimental... more

The study was conducted to compare the effect of soybean meal based diet and Mucuna pruriens seed meal on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight changes of West Africa dwarf sheep (WAD). Thirty sheep with a mean body weight of 12.30... more

Milk of tiger nut (A), coconut (B) and soybean (C) were evaluated for their nutritional quality potentials and for possible inclusion in the preparation of various confectionary products. The milk were analyzed for the total solids, pH,... more

The efficacy of using rice milk and coconut milk in the preparation of yoghurt was evaluated in a completely randomized design model. Commercial yoghurt was the control Treatment (A) while other Treatments were B (25% rice milk plus 75%... more

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- by YINKA BELEWU
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- Dairy Science and Technology

The study evaluates the efficacy of Jatropha curcas oil and Eucalyptus globulos oil in the treatment of Nine mange infected West African dwarf goat. The animals were randomized against the Treatments (A, B, C and D) in a Completely... more

In Performance, digestibility and haematological trials, a total of nine West African dwarf Sheep were used to evaluate the effect of fungi blend (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogeum) on nutrient digestibility and haematological... more

In Performance, digestibility and haematological trials, a total of nine West African dwarf Sheep were used to evaluate the effect of fungi blend (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogeum) on nutrient digestibility and haematological indices when sheep were fed fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake based diets. The three experimental Treatment diets were (A) Control diet with Soybean cake as the protein source, (B) 50% Soybean cake plus 50% fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake and (C) 100% fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake. Total average daily dry matter intake was significantly higher for the control diet (A) compared to other diets (B and C). The dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) for sheep fed the control diet (A) (96.00%) as compared with those on diets B and C but no significant difference was observed in the digestibility of the fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake based diets. The crude protein, crude fibre and the ether extract digestibility's followed similar trend. There was a significant (p<0.05) improvement for digestible dry matter intake of diet A (control) over the fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas based diets (B and C). Other digestible nutrients intake (digestible crude protein, digestible ether extract and digestible crude fibre ) followed similar trend (p>0.05). Haematological parameters in sheep fed the fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake based diet recorded no significant difference (p>0.05) in all the parameters (hemoglobin, white blood cell, Red blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte) evaluated except Packed cell volume (PCV). The highest PVC (30.50%) was noted in diet B followed closely by diet A and the least was diet C (27.50%). Conversely, Lymphocyte level was in the order of diet C > B > A. In conclusion, while diet A had a positive impact on digestible nutrient intake, fungi blend treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake based diets (B and C) had the capacity to significantly enhance the haematological parameters of the experimental sheep.

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