Papers by Benjamin Creutzfeldt
Latin America has for centuries been subject to the will and whim of external powers and thus it ... more Latin America has for centuries been subject to the will and whim of external powers and thus it is not surprising that there are well-founded reservations among the peoples of the region in the face of China's increasing presence in their midst. The United States, in turn, is similarly uneasy about the new stakeholder in the hemisphere it has traditionally perceived as its zone of influence. This paper argues that analysts have paid insufficient attention to the declared intentions that consistently accompany Beijing's approach to Latin America, and that these offer strong evidence for a comparatively even-handed and fundamentally non-competitive approach. It draws out details of Chinese foreign policy rhetoric over an eight-year period and reviews it alongside US statements towards Latin America over the same time span, and concludes that there is much space for collaborative development, and little reason for contention, although risks of dependency and further deindustrialization remain: there is an urgent need for Latin American and North American scholars, pundits and government officials to pay attention to and understand China's declarations of intent towards Latin America, and engage with this rising power on her terms.
China in Lateinamerika: Ziemlich beste Freunde?
Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks, 2023
Colombia Internacional
Objective/Context: This article examines the evolution of China's diplomatic strategy in Latin Am... more Objective/Context: This article examines the evolution of China's diplomatic strategy in Latin America in terms of how effectively Chinese diplomats have adapted to the demands of their country's multi-dimensional engagement with the region over the past three decades. This strategy underpins China's investments in the region and relates to regional integration and cultural cooperation issues. Methodology: The study draws on a database compiled by the author, tracking the careers of all senior Chinese diplomats in Latin America from 1990 to 2020. It is a qualitative study with quantitative data aggregation, comprising representative case studies. Conclusions: The author observes changes in how China's diplomats of the twenty-first century have embraced network diplomacy and enhanced their abilities to engage with foreign publics and governments. The competence of diplomats to get locally involved and demonstrate positive results has been tested, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the excesses of the so-called Wolf Warrior diplomacy appear to have been reined in. The study demonstrates a continuous evolution in the centrally crafted yet often competing efforts of the organizations involved in China's overseas operations, including ministries, Communist Party organizations, and educational institutions. Originality: By focusing on diplomats as key agents the study offers new insights into China's diplomatic and economic engagement with the region of Latin America. It also uses a novel database that will be publicly accessible following the publication of this study.
xuetong yan (2011). Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power. princeton university press (ed... more xuetong yan (2011). Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power. princeton university press (editado por daniel a. bell y sun zhe, traducido por edmund ryden).
China and the U.S. in Latin America
Ha seculos, a America Latina tem sido objeto da vontade e do capricho de potencias externas e, po... more Ha seculos, a America Latina tem sido objeto da vontade e do capricho de potencias externas e, portanto, nao surpreende que haja reservas bem fundamentadas entre os povos da regiao em face da crescente presenca da China em seu meio. Os Estados Unidos, por sua vez, estao igualmente desconfortaveis com a nova parte interessada no hemisferio que eles compreendem como sua zona de influencia. Este artigo defende que os analistas tem dado atencao insuficiente aos propositos declarados que, reiteradamente, acompanham a abordagem de Pequim para a America Latina e que estes oferecem uma forte evidencia de um comportamento relativamente imparcial e fundamentalmente nao-competitivo. O texto abrange detalhes da retorica da politica externa chinesa ao longo de um periodo de oito anos e a revisa juntamente com as declaracoes dos Estados Unidos para a America Latina, durante o mesmo periodo, concluindo que ha muito espaco para o desenvolvimento colaborativo e pouco motivo para contenda, embora os ...
One Broad Brush: Latin America in China's Foreign Policy
Just as China is a new and unfamiliar player in Latin America, China’s policymakers seem to have ... more Just as China is a new and unfamiliar player in Latin America, China’s policymakers seem to have little differentiated knowledge of the region. Studies and documents from China typically include the Caribbean in their “broad brush approach” and diplomatic representatives are rotated through the region at a swift rate. The fact that only three of the 42 countries in the region published an official reply to China’s 2008 Policy Paper suggests that there is a long way to go towards integration and adequate response, either side of the Pacific. The purpose of this paper is to explore just how differentiated the understanding and strategic
La Internacionalización en El Cesa, Los Retos Del Futuro
El CESA Teoría y Práctica
4. Latin American Views of Chinese and U.S. Policy
China, The United States, and the Future of Latin America
<p>China's growing presence in Latin America and the Caribbean since the early 2000s ha... more <p>China's growing presence in Latin America and the Caribbean since the early 2000s has been conspicuous not so much for its real impact as for its perceived influence and implications for the future of the continent. And while memories of the Spanish conquest and British domination have faded into the fog of the distant past, the presence of the United States is still very much felt in the region. As a result, there is a tangible sense of competition between the "rising power" and the "Northern hegemon." The present chapter outlines both United States and Chinese policy against the historical background of their relations with the region, and offers an insight into Latin American views toward those two great powers: views at the government and elite level and views at the public level. It becomes evident that the U.S., despite a low level of attention paid to the countries of Latin America throughout the first decade of the twenty-first century, has retained an advantage over China thanks to a historically grounded affinity, enhanced by cultural and geographical proximity. The People's Republic of China by contrast, despite its important overtures to individual nations and groups of nations, has not yet succeeded in translating its strategic interests and desire to be a catalyst for change into a consistent agency in the region.</p>
Diplomacia Cultural China en Colombia, Alcances y Resistencias
La política cultural de China en América Latina
China’s Interactions with Latin America and the Caribbean, 2021
One Actor, Many Agents: China’s Latin America Policy in Theory and Practice
China en América Latina: reflexiones sobre las relaciones transpacíficas
An edited collection of specially commissioned essays on the relationship between China and Latin... more An edited collection of specially commissioned essays on the relationship between China and Latin America, and in particular Colombia.
Revista CS, 2014
This paper examines five recently published books that deal with the issue of Chinese relations w... more This paper examines five recently published books that deal with the issue of Chinese relations with the Americas between 2011 and 2014. The author shows that the books provide evidence of a steady China’s interest to Latin America and the Caribbean as well as a scale-up of diplomatic relationships and bilateral trade of commodities. At the same time, the ability of Latin American countries to provide an effective response to the Chinese attempts to use the bilateral arrangements in order to strengthen its participation in regional organizations is rather weak. This scenario allows a progressive and effective impact of China in the region to continue. The author argues that the way to better understand China’s relations with Latin America is via a multidisciplinary approach, which is not limited by the boundaries of one discipline or a research area only. Besides, it is important to take into account that -additionally to commerce and trade- China´s interaction within Latin America ...
América Latina en la política exterior china: Latin America in China's Foreign Policy
Just as China is a new and unfamiliar player in Latin America, China's policymakers seem to h... more Just as China is a new and unfamiliar player in Latin America, China's policymakers seem to have little differentiated knowledge of the region. Studies and documents from China typically include the Caribbean in their "broad brush approach" and diplomatic representatives are rotated through the region at a swift rate. The fact that only three of the 42 countries in the region published an official reply to China's 2008 Policy Paper suggests that there is a long way to go towards integration and adequate response, either side of the Pacific. The purpose of this paper is to explore just how differentiated the understanding and strategic vision for Latin America is among China's policy makers and representatives.
Explorando novos territórios: contribuição mais recente para o estudo sobre as relações entre a China e a América Latina
Xuetong Yan (2011). Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power. Princeton University Press (editado por Daniel A. Bell y Sun Zhe, traducido por Edmund Ryden)
OASIS, 2011
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Papers by Benjamin Creutzfeldt