Centre for Logistics & Traffic

With 21 % of gross domestic product (GDP) in agricultural sector and having consistently experienced natural disasters (e.g., drought, flood), Armenia is very vulnerable to climate and its change. Given the fact that 63 % of the entire land is planted with grains, this study primarily focuses on the market for wheat flour and bread. Economic welfare loss due to drought episodes is calculated using the economic data integrated with climate measures. Economic data are utilized for the period 1995-2011 (obtained from Statistical Office of Armenia) and specifically include the quantity produced and consumed of wheat flour and bread combined with mean prices, population income, GDP in the agricultural sector, GDP in the planting sector, and governmental expenditure on subsidies. Climate data include temperature and precipitation during the period 1966-2011 (obtained from National Hydrometeorological Service of Armenia). The analysis includes three main components. The first utilizes a market framework that analyzes the impact of climate on equilibrium prices and quantities as well as trade and tax effects. The second employs a logarithmic utility function to estimate the effective insurance policy for the agricultural sector using risk management strategies. Lastly, a macroeconomic model has been developed to assess the efficient sum of governmental expenditure on subsidies and irrigation during the drought episodes and during the mean climatic conditions. All three parts of the study are developed for the first time.

Agricultural sector of small, mountainous country Armenia is very vulnerable towards climate change, due to frequent drought episodes, enhanced air temperature, reduced precipitation, increased evaporation rates and water scarcity. To maximize the crop production in a country with specific economic structure, where 21% of GDP is formed in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to estimate the capacity of agrometeorological and water resources, effectiveness of irrigation amounts under the current and future climate conditions, which is the main aim of the given study.

Agricultural sector of small, mountainous country Armenia is very vulnerable towards climate change, due to frequent drought episodes, enhanced air temperature, reduced precipitation, increased evaporation rates and water scarcity. To maximize the crop production in a country with specific economic structure, where 21% of GDP is formed in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to estimate the capacity of agrometeorological and water resources, effectiveness of irrigation amounts under the current and future climate conditions, which is the main aim of the given study.

With 21 % of gross domestic product (GDP) in agricultural sector and having consistently experienced natural disasters (e.g., drought, flood), Armenia is very vulnerable to climate and its change. Given the fact that 63 % of the entire land is planted with grains, this study primarily focuses on the market for wheat flour and bread. Economic welfare loss due to drought episodes is calculated using the economic data integrated with climate measures. Economic data are utilized for the period 1995-2011 (obtained from Statistical Office of Armenia) and specifically include the quantity produced and consumed of wheat flour and bread combined with mean prices, population income, GDP in the agricultural sector, GDP in the planting sector, and governmental expenditure on subsidies. Climate data include temperature and precipitation during the period 1966-2011 (obtained from National Hydrometeorological Service of Armenia). The analysis includes three main components. The first utilizes a market framework that analyzes the impact of climate on equilibrium prices and quantities as well as trade and tax effects. The second employs a logarithmic utility function to estimate the effective insurance policy for the agricultural sector using risk management strategies. Lastly, a macroeconomic model has been developed to assess the efficient sum of governmental expenditure on subsidies and irrigation during the drought episodes and during the mean climatic conditions. All three parts of the study are developed for the first time.

Regional impact scenarios of climate change confirm a high risk of supply deadlocks in respect to the water energy food (WEF) security nexus particularly for arid and semiarid regions. Management strategies addressing the WEF nexus show an urgent demand for truly systemic solutions, also considering effects of interlinked demographic development and demand/accessibility shifts within respective regimes. The situation bears also risks on levels of interregional supply chains and hinders the affected countries in their development capacities, in terms of national income generation, global market share, ecological stability and social integrity.

1. 12/12/2017 ông Nguyễn A góp vốn cho công ty 2 tỷ đồng bằng tiền gửi ngân hàng. 2. 22/12/2017 bà Lưu B đầu tư cho công ty 700 triệu đồng bằng tiền mặt. 3. 31/12/2017 vay ngắn hạn 500 triệu đồng bằng tiên gửi ngân hang. 4. 29/12/2017 mua nhà xưởng trị giá 1 tỷ đồng, đã thanh toán bằng tiền gửi ngân hàng. 5. 30/12/2017 mua thiết bị sx máy móc hết 950 triệu đồng, đã thanh toán bằng tiền gửi ngân hàng. 6. 1/1/2018 ứng trước tiền mua hàng cty Q 600 triệu đồng. 7. 5/1/2018 mua nguyên vật liệu của công ty Q 600 triệu đồng, trừ vào số tiên ứng trước.