Papers by Nurul Hazlina Noordin
2014 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI)
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Jan 22, 2018
Optimization is listed as one of the important topics in today's electronic system due to the pre... more Optimization is listed as one of the important topics in today's electronic system due to the presence of many non-linear problems in our daily life. The ability of these optimisation algorithms to perform in a real-time environment is crucial. This paper presents a novel FPGA implementation of the Simulated Kalman Filter Optimisation Algorithm. This system utilizes a distributed RAM to update the intermediate variables and the output of each iteration is stored in the block RAM. The address of the block RAM is displayed on the LCD. The hardware performance of the SKF is then compared to the PSO. Results show that the SKF has higher processing speed as well as less number of logic blocks and IO blocks were utilised.
2013 7TH European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (Eucap)
European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2013
Localization in wireless sensor network for forest fire detection
The performance of a wireless sensor network is heavily dependent on its localization information... more The performance of a wireless sensor network is heavily dependent on its localization information. Without this critical information, the data collected over the sensor node is meaningless. Traditional localization techniques such as GPS are very expensive and unsuitable, especially when a system requires multiple nodes. In this project, an RSSI-based trilateration algorithm is developed to detect the sensor nodes coordinates in a wireless sensor network that is targeted for forest fire detection application. The system is found to deliver excellent performance in sensor data collection and fire detection. On the other hand, node localization is achieved at an accuracy of ± 8.50 cm for both coordinates.
An RF switching circuit using PIN diode for a 2.4GHz frequency reconfigurable antenna
This paper discusses the design of an RF switching using PIN diode for a 2.4GHz polarization reco... more This paper discusses the design of an RF switching using PIN diode for a 2.4GHz polarization reconfigurable antenna. The PIN diode in a switching circuit requires an accompanying PIN diode driver or switch driver that provides a controlled forward bias current and a reverse bias voltage. The 2.4GHz polarization reconfigurable antenna is able to switch between Linear Polarization (LP), Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) and Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP). The RF switching circuit includes PIN diode, RF choke inductor and DC block capacitor. The antenna also demonstrates good matching performance between the result of axial ratio and frequency for all polarization modes.
Faceted array antennas for adaptive beamforming applications
ABSTRACT In this paper, the performance of adaptive array antennas conformed to different faceted... more ABSTRACT In this paper, the performance of adaptive array antennas conformed to different faceted structures, namely, 2-faceted, 3-faceted, 4-faceted and 8-faceted structures, are studied and compared with each other in the context of adaptive beamforming. Faceted array antennas are chosen because they can achieve a wider scanning range compared to planar arrays. Each of the faceted arrays consists of eight circularly polarised antennas operating at 2.4 GHz. Beamforming is achieved according to two different optimisation criteria, which are the minimised mean square error (MMSE) and the maximised signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (MSINR). The adaptive algorithm, Least Mean Square (LMS), and the bio-inspired algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), are used to calculate the complex excitations of the array elements in order to satisfy the optimisation criteria. The directivity of the 3-faceted array is high, 12.59 dBi, even when the desired signal is away from boresight. The results obtained suggest that the 3-faceted array is the most suitable for adaptive array applications compared to the other faceted structures.
The Simulated Kalman Filter (SKF) algorithm is a newly introduced optimization algorithm inspired... more The Simulated Kalman Filter (SKF) algorithm is a newly introduced optimization algorithm inspired by the estimation capabilities of Kalman filter. In this paper, a population based metaheuristic algorithm named Simulated Kalman Filter with Modified Measurement (SKFMM) is proposed for adaptive beamforming application. SKFMM is compared with the existing SKF and OBSKF algorithms for adaptive beamforming. The experimental results show that the SKFMM algorithm can produce better mean Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR) values compared to the current SKF and OBSKF algorithms for adaptive beamforming application, producing statistically significant results
The road accident increases each year due to increased vehicle on the road. Driver vigilance easi... more The road accident increases each year due to increased vehicle on the road. Driver vigilance easily distracted when in a state of fatigue and sleepiness. This research proposes to use physiological measures of electromyography (EMG) signal to assess muscle fatigue during driving game obtained from biceps brachii. The experiment starts with data collection of EMG signal for 3 subjects while driving Need for Speed the Run Game for 2 hours. Then signal preprocessing is applied to remove artifact in EMG signal. Next, the EMG signal is transformed into the frequency-domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). From FFT the Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Energy Spectral Density (ESD) can be obtained. Mean, median, RMS and average powers in PSD are calculated. While from the ESD, total energy was calculated. Based on results obtained (RMS = 9.7198, average power = 94.4744, mean = 6.2451 and median = 6.2456), the objective for the project is achieved. The result shows that the PSD is better used to evaluate the biceps brachii muscle fatigue compared to ESD.
Lecture notes in electrical engineering, 2019
This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna added with parasitic ele... more This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna added with parasitic elements and slot. The U slot applied on trapezoidal patch to investigate the effects of slot geometrical altering to the notch and operation frequency.
Lecture notes in electrical engineering, 2015
This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna with return loss lower t... more This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna with return loss lower than -10dB and VSWR lower than 2. The proposed antenna operates from 2.2GHz to 11.5GHz and is suitable for ultra wideband applications. This antenna consists of a ground plane, a feed line and a trapezoidal radiating structure. The trapezoidal shaped patch is chosen because of its simple structure, which reduces the complexity of its geometrical optimization process. Initially the proposed antenna is designed with a single trapezoidal shaped patch and later additional structures were loaded at the bottom of the patch. With a total size 38mm x 51mm x 1.6 mm and designed on a substrate with dielectric constant 4.4, the antenna satisfies the licensed frequency band of S band (2-4) GHz, C band (4-8) GHz and X band (8-12) GHz application.
This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna added with parasitic ele... more This paper presents the analysis of CPW-fed trapezoidal monopole antenna added with parasitic elements and slots. From previous work, the proposed antenna altered by adding parasitic elements to enhance the operation bandwidth and achieved frequencies from 3.2GHz to 11.5GHz which covered Ultra Wide Bandwidth. This antenna is fabricated on FR4 for real measurement. Next experiment continues with slots insertion to generate notch and reconfigure frequency. U and slots applied on trapezoidal patch. The antenna's performance observes through adjustment of slot's dimension.
Null Steering Optimization Based Mvdr Beamformer Using Firefly Algorithm For Adaptive Beamforming Application
Solid State Technology, Nov 1, 2020
2017 7th IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), 2017
The road accident increases each year due to increased vehicle on the road. Driver vigilance easi... more The road accident increases each year due to increased vehicle on the road. Driver vigilance easily distracted when in a state of fatigue and sleepiness. This research proposes to use physiological measures of electromyography (EMG) signal to assess muscle fatigue during driving game obtained from biceps brachii. The experiment starts with data collection of EMG signal for 3 subjects while driving Need for Speed the Run Game for 2 hours. Then signal preprocessing is applied to remove artifact in EMG signal. Next, the EMG signal is transformed into the frequency-domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). From FFT the Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Energy Spectral Density (ESD) can be obtained. Mean, median, RMS and average powers in PSD are calculated. While from the ESD, total energy was calculated. Based on results obtained (RMS = 9.7198, average power = 94.4744, mean = 6.2451 and median = 6.2456), the objective for the project is achieved. The result shows that the PSD is better...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
The conventional method to control something like machines such as remote controllers or wearable... more The conventional method to control something like machines such as remote controllers or wearable sensors have its limitation and cannot cater the high demands in some scenarios. To overcome this situation, a real-time Kinect finger tracking and recognition is developed to control a servo gripper via a single board microcontroller, Arduino. This paper presents hand and finger tracking method that can determine the number of fingers and also the angle of the finger’s position. The hand gesture is captured by the Kinect and go through a series of image processing and finally, the information will send to the Arduino. The image processing method includes a detection of hand using depth sensor on the Kinect, then finds the finger and calculates the angle of the finger’s position. The convex hull algorithm is used to represent the region of the hand. The fingertips are recognized by calculating the angle of the fingertip and each angle is compared with threshold angle. The orientation an...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
Facial local features comprise an essential information to identify a personal characteristic suc... more Facial local features comprise an essential information to identify a personal characteristic such as age, gender, identity and expression. One of the facial local features is a wrinkle. Wrinkle is a small furrow or crease in the skin. Recently, wrinkle detection has become a topic of interest in computer vision, where many researchers developed applications like age estimation, face detection, expression recognition, facial digital beauty and etc. However, most of the research focused on permanent wrinkles instead of transient wrinkles. Transient wrinkle can be seen during the movement of facial muscle such as a facial expression. This paper presents a comparison of filtering method for extracting transient wrinkles features. The filters that have been selected are Gabor wavelet and Kirsch operator. The extracted features are the number of wrinkles, the maximum perimeter of wrinkle, the average perimeter of wrinkle, total perimeter of wrinkle, the maximum area of the wrinkle, and t...
Proceedings of the 10th National Technical Seminar on Underwater System Technology 2018, 2019
Proceedings of the 10th National Technical Seminar on Underwater System Technology 2018, 2019
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 2020
Mobile learning is fairly new in the local context, particularly for STEM subjects in Malaysia un... more Mobile learning is fairly new in the local context, particularly for STEM subjects in Malaysia universities. However, this raises the issue of the ethics of mobile technology. With the advancement of mobile technologies few studies have been conducted for mobile ethics in student-generated activities. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of mobile learning student-generated activities ethics in Malaysia. The methodology used in this research is largely qualitative with students from a local university in Malaysia. This novel study developed early themes that sign post factors for mobile ethics in student-generated activities in a Malaysian university context for STEM subjects.
APPLIED PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER (APCOM 2019), 2019
Complex permittivity of a substrate plays an important role in designing a compact and robust ant... more Complex permittivity of a substrate plays an important role in designing a compact and robust antenna. Thus, measuring complex permittivity must be done carefully in order to achieve accurate and reliable result. Waveguide is a widely used technique to determine complex permittivity of a dielectric material. In this paper the permittivity of cured epoxy resin is determine using waveguide technique, within the G-band frequency range. It determines the complex permittivity by analyzing only the measured transmission coefficient of the material and easily noise affected reflection coefficient is not used. Sample is only partially loaded in the waveguide to avoid the resonance during measurement. Therefore, results obtained are accurate and reliable. Also, the estimated real part of complex permittivity is in a good agreement with available data from other work.
Uploads
Papers by Nurul Hazlina Noordin