Papers by Demo Yemane Tesfaye
Background: Data regarding the influences of gender in metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients u... more Background: Data regarding the influences of gender in metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients using antiret-roviral treatment (ART) in Ethiopia is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the influences of gender in MetS and its components among HIV-infected patients receiving ART. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2012 and April 2013. Data on demographic, clinical and anthropometric characteristics were collected from 185 HIV patients using ART. Glucose and lipid profiles were measured from overnight fast blood. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and United States national cholesterol education program: adult treatment (US NCEP-ATP) panel III criteria were used to define MetS. Result: A total number of 185 (36.8 % males and 63.2 % females) participants were recruited in this study. The overall prevalence of MetS was 24.3 and 17.8 %, diagnosed using IDF and NCEP-ATP criteria respectively. Using IDF criteria, MetS was significantly higher in females compared to males (33.3 vs. 8.8 %; p = <0.0001) respectively. Low HDL-c and central obesity were significantly higher MetS components in female compared to males (p = 0.003); and (p = <0.0001, using IDF and NCEP-ATP criteria) respectively. BMI >25 kg/m 2 was significantly associated with MetS in both IDF and NCEP-ATP criteria: unadjusted (UOR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95 % CI were 3.0 (
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Background: Helicobacter pylori is the main etiology of peptic ulcers and chronic gastrit... more bstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori is the main etiology of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. Various studies showed that blood type ‘O’ is more common among patients with peptic ulcer. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies and its relationship with ABO/Rhesus blood groups, age, sex and residence of symptomatic patients in southern Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 408 consecutive patients with upper abdominal complaints at Hawassa University Hospital from October 2012 to January 2013. Data on demographic factors was collected from all participants using questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected and tested for ABO and Rh blood group phenotype using hemagglutination test and for anti-H. pylori antibody (IgG) using two different ELISAs..
Results: The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 83.3% (340/408), and it was significantly higher in rural (71.2%) compared to urban residents (28.8%) (p = 0.008). Participants with blood group AB, A, O, B, and Rh positive had H. pylori prevalence of 88.9, 84.2, 83.7, 80.9, and 83.5%, respectively. H. pylori infection was not significantly influenced by age, sex, occupation, educational status and ABO/ Rh status (p >0.05).
Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of H. pylori infection especially among rural residents calls for immediate intervention measures so that its clinical consequences could be minimized. ABO/Rh blood group was not found to be associated with H. pylori infection.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, ABO blood groups, Seroprevalence
The binding of glucose to serum proteins in a non-enzymatic reaction occurs proportionately to th... more The binding of glucose to serum proteins in a non-enzymatic reaction occurs proportionately to the prevailing serum glucose concentration during the lifespan of each protein. The non-enzymatic reaction of proteins with reducing sugars results in the formation of glycated proteins that are indicative of the relative amount of reducing sugars present. Hemoglobin, albumin, lipoproteins and other tissue proteins can be non-enzymatically glycated. Hence, estimation of these glycated proteins can be used for the estimation of average glycemic status. Spectrophotometric, chromatographic and immunoassays techniques are used for the detection and quantitation of these glycated proteins.
In 2003 the American diabetes association (ADA) suggested to lower diagnostic criteria for impair... more In 2003 the American diabetes association (ADA) suggested to lower diagnostic criteria for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) from 110mg/dl (6.1mmol/l) to 100mg/dl (5.6mmol/l). However the World Health Organization (WHO) remains to maintain lowered threshold criteria as 110mg/dl due to a lack of evidence of any benefit in terms of reducing progression to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of ADA criteria with respect to the frequency of IFG. Institutional based cross sectional study from December 2012 to February 2013 was conducted to assess the impact of the ADA diagnostic criteria in prevalence of IFG. 422 subjects from five institutions at Bishoftu town were involved. Blood sample after fasting for >8 hours was collected and serum was assayed for glucose. Prevalence of IFG showed that the ADA diagnostic criteria increased the prevalence of IFG from 15. 4% to 45.3% compared with the current WHO criteria. The proposed diagnostic criteria for IFG by ADA will lead to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of IFG. Therefore further studies are needed to evaluate the change of the frequency in nationwide and among various sample populations along with the benefits as compared to WHO criteria.
Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant public health importance and its prevalence is ... more Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant public health importance and its prevalence is rising. Half of the DM patients are undiagnosed. Undiagnosed DM impose stantial implications because subjects remain untreated and at risk for complications.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and its risk factors in selected institutions at Bishoftu town, East Shoa, Ethiopia.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in selected institutions at Bishoftu town was conducted from December 2012 to February 2013. 422 volunteers proportionally from five institutions were involved. World Health Organization stepwise approach was employed to collect data on demographic, behavioral and physical characteristics. Blood sample after fasting for ≥ 8 hours was collected and serum was assayed for glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Statistical analysis was performed by using STATA (Version 11 USA).
Results: The overall prevalence of undiagnosed DM in the study was 5% [95% CI: 3-7%]. Though not statistically undiagnosed DM was higher in males (5.7% vs. 3.7%, P>0.05). Increased occurence of undiagnosed DM was observed with increasing age but again not statistically significant (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed undiagnosed DM was significantly associated (P<0.05) with body mass index, wait circumference, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension and high triglyceride level. Predictors for undiagnosed DM in the study were high waist circumference (p=0.001, OR: 7.70 95% CI: 2.31-25.67) and history of hypertension (p=0.009 OR: 3.74 95% CI: 1.39-10.03) after adjusting age, family history of DM and body mass index.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of undiagnosed DM than the International Diabetes Federation Atlas projected estimate of DM for Ethiopia was observed in the current study. This calls for the necessity of conducting such studies in wider scale and bring more oblivious patients for medical attention.
Background: HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can induce metabolic d... more Background: HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can induce metabolic disturbances including lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, which are reminiscences of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, little is known regarding the magnitude of MS in Ethiopian HIV population. This study, aimed to estimate the prevalence of MS among HIV positive patients with and without HAART.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia between February 2012 and April 2013. Data on demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected from a total of 374 HIV positive participants (188 on ART and 186 on Pre-ART) using WHO stepwise approach. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL- cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was measured. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP) Criteria were used to define MS. Result: Of the 374 study participants 68% were females, and 50.3% were receiving ART. Using the IDF criteria, metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 25% of patients receiving ART compared to 22.5% of the ART naı ̈ve group (OR: 1.14 CI: 0.71–1.84). Using the ATP criteria, the prevalence of MS was 18.1% in the ART groups compared to 15.6% in ART naı ̈ve group (OR: 1.20, CI: 0.69–2.06). Patients receiving ART had significantly elevated Cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and LDL-c levels but lower CD4+ cell counts than the Pre-ART groups. Being a female, having BMI of at least 25, older age (i.e. age 45 years) and having total cholesterol of at least 200 mg/dl were significantly associated with the presence of MS. Using the ATP criteria to define MS, taking d4T-3TC-EFV regimen was significantly associated with higher odds of MS.
Conclusion: Almost a quarter of HIV patients on ART developed metabolic syndrome. Furthermore patients on ART had elevated lipid profile and glucose metabolism disturbance than the ART naive.
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Papers by Demo Yemane Tesfaye
Background: Helicobacter pylori is the main etiology of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. Various studies showed that blood type ‘O’ is more common among patients with peptic ulcer. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies and its relationship with ABO/Rhesus blood groups, age, sex and residence of symptomatic patients in southern Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 408 consecutive patients with upper abdominal complaints at Hawassa University Hospital from October 2012 to January 2013. Data on demographic factors was collected from all participants using questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected and tested for ABO and Rh blood group phenotype using hemagglutination test and for anti-H. pylori antibody (IgG) using two different ELISAs..
Results: The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 83.3% (340/408), and it was significantly higher in rural (71.2%) compared to urban residents (28.8%) (p = 0.008). Participants with blood group AB, A, O, B, and Rh positive had H. pylori prevalence of 88.9, 84.2, 83.7, 80.9, and 83.5%, respectively. H. pylori infection was not significantly influenced by age, sex, occupation, educational status and ABO/ Rh status (p >0.05).
Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of H. pylori infection especially among rural residents calls for immediate intervention measures so that its clinical consequences could be minimized. ABO/Rh blood group was not found to be associated with H. pylori infection.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, ABO blood groups, Seroprevalence
Objective: To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and its risk factors in selected institutions at Bishoftu town, East Shoa, Ethiopia.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in selected institutions at Bishoftu town was conducted from December 2012 to February 2013. 422 volunteers proportionally from five institutions were involved. World Health Organization stepwise approach was employed to collect data on demographic, behavioral and physical characteristics. Blood sample after fasting for ≥ 8 hours was collected and serum was assayed for glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Statistical analysis was performed by using STATA (Version 11 USA).
Results: The overall prevalence of undiagnosed DM in the study was 5% [95% CI: 3-7%]. Though not statistically undiagnosed DM was higher in males (5.7% vs. 3.7%, P>0.05). Increased occurence of undiagnosed DM was observed with increasing age but again not statistically significant (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed undiagnosed DM was significantly associated (P<0.05) with body mass index, wait circumference, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension and high triglyceride level. Predictors for undiagnosed DM in the study were high waist circumference (p=0.001, OR: 7.70 95% CI: 2.31-25.67) and history of hypertension (p=0.009 OR: 3.74 95% CI: 1.39-10.03) after adjusting age, family history of DM and body mass index.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of undiagnosed DM than the International Diabetes Federation Atlas projected estimate of DM for Ethiopia was observed in the current study. This calls for the necessity of conducting such studies in wider scale and bring more oblivious patients for medical attention.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia between February 2012 and April 2013. Data on demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected from a total of 374 HIV positive participants (188 on ART and 186 on Pre-ART) using WHO stepwise approach. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL- cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was measured. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP) Criteria were used to define MS. Result: Of the 374 study participants 68% were females, and 50.3% were receiving ART. Using the IDF criteria, metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 25% of patients receiving ART compared to 22.5% of the ART naı ̈ve group (OR: 1.14 CI: 0.71–1.84). Using the ATP criteria, the prevalence of MS was 18.1% in the ART groups compared to 15.6% in ART naı ̈ve group (OR: 1.20, CI: 0.69–2.06). Patients receiving ART had significantly elevated Cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and LDL-c levels but lower CD4+ cell counts than the Pre-ART groups. Being a female, having BMI of at least 25, older age (i.e. age 45 years) and having total cholesterol of at least 200 mg/dl were significantly associated with the presence of MS. Using the ATP criteria to define MS, taking d4T-3TC-EFV regimen was significantly associated with higher odds of MS.
Conclusion: Almost a quarter of HIV patients on ART developed metabolic syndrome. Furthermore patients on ART had elevated lipid profile and glucose metabolism disturbance than the ART naive.