Papers by Bernardo Bastien-Olvera
Climate Impacts on Natural Capital: Consequences for the Social Cost of Carbon
Annual Review of Resource Economics, Oct 5, 2022
The effects of climate change on natural systems will be substantial, widespread, and likely irre... more The effects of climate change on natural systems will be substantial, widespread, and likely irreversible. Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have already contributed to forest dieback and pushed some species toward extinction. Natural systems contribute to human welfare both as an input to the production of consumption goods and through the provision of nonuse values (i.e., existence and bequest values). But because they are often unpriced, it can be difficult to constrain these benefits. Understanding how climate change effects on the natural capital stock affect human well-being, and therefore the social cost of carbon (SCC), requires understanding not just the biophysical effects of climate change but also the particular role they play in supporting human welfare. This article reviews a range of topics from natural capital accounting through climate change economics important for quantifying the ecological costs of climate change and integrating these costs into SCC calculations.
Unequal climate impacts on global values of natural capital
Nature, 2023
Ecosystems generate a wide range of benefits for humans, including some market goods as well as o... more Ecosystems generate a wide range of benefits for humans, including some market goods as well as other benefits that are not directly reflected in market activity1. Climate change will alter the distribution of ecosystems around the world and change the flow of these benefits2,3. However, the specific implications of ecosystem changes for human welfare remain unclear, as they depend on the nature of these changes, the value of the affected benefits and the extent to which communities rely on natural systems for their well-being4. Here we estimate country-level changes in economic production and the value of non-market ecosystem benefits resulting from climate-change-induced shifts in terrestrial vegetation cover, as projected by dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) driven by general circulation climate models. Our results show that the annual population-weighted mean global flow of non-market ecosystem benefits valued in the wealth accounts of the World Bank will be reduced by 9.2% in 2100 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP2-6.0 with respect to the baseline no climate change scenario and that the global population-weighted average change in gross domestic product (GDP) by 2100 is −1.3% of the baseline GDP. Because lower-income countries are more reliant on natural capital, these GDP effects are regressive. Approximately 90% of these damages are borne by the poorest 50% of countries and regions, whereas the wealthiest 10% experience only 2% of these losses.
Forests are considered a primary tool for addressing climate change. Expanding global forest area... more Forests are considered a primary tool for addressing climate change. Expanding global forest area and extending forest age can increase carbon sequestration, but might also decrease Earth's albedo, particularly in northern latitudes, and thereby exacerbate warming. Previous studies have found that accounting for albedo in forest carbon incentives will decrease the efficient contribution of forests to climate mitigation, but increase the overall efficiency of climate policy if albedo is priced. This study takes this analysis one step further by endogenously accounting for forest-albedo changes in efficient global carbon prices, and the net effect of accounting for albedo on efficient forest area under future climate policy. Accounting for albedo in integrated assessment models will increase the marginal cost of carbon sequestration from forests, which in turn has potential to increase global carbon prices, and thus, ceteris paribus, increase forest mitigation compared to a scenario that does not account for global carbon price changes. We modify the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE) to endogenously control land-based carbon emissions, and link this with the Global Timber Model (GTM), in order to quantify the change in the mitigation potential of forests and its role in the mitigation portfolio in the future. We expect to find that the net effect of accounting for albedo in forest mitigation will result in lower levels of forest mitigation, but higher levels than one would find if not accounting for changes in global carbon price. Under these circumstances, mitigation from the energy sector is expected to play a more significant role.
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, 2017
Food is a conventional vehicle for pathogens to reach and infect new hosts. Distinctively, street... more Food is a conventional vehicle for pathogens to reach and infect new hosts. Distinctively, street food is a major source of food-borne diseases and climate change effects will intensify this by increasing the mean surface temperature and thus, the microorganisms growth rate. Through this research we present a preliminary agentbased model that simulates at various levels the dynamic of street-food consumers and food-borne disease under climate change scenarios, using tunable parameters such as hygiene level, microorganisms growth rate and number of consumers. The results show that the model has the potential to be a useful tool for optimizing decision-making and urban planning strategies related to health and climate change.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, 2016
This work presents a new approach for assessing the climate system and for stabilizing the temper... more This work presents a new approach for assessing the climate system and for stabilizing the temperature and other climate parameters. FACTS, as we call it, is a fuzzy inference system that overview certain climate state, and is able to generate the CO2 emissions reduction needed to implement in order to stabilize the temperature. FACTS was constructed using a neural network optimization process along with data generated by a classical emissions pathfinder. Then, it was embedded in MAGICC6, a simple climate model that was forced by the four Representative Concentration Pathways until and ultimately stabilized by the proposed methodology.
Simulation Model Based on Agents for Land Use Change and Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Land Management Policies
Extreme Events and Climate Change, 2021
The importance of increasing actual INDCs' ambitions to meet the paris agreement temperature targets: An innovative fuzzy logic approach to temperature control and climate assessment using FACTS
2016 6th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications (SIMULTECH), 2016
This work presents an alternative assessment of climate projections using FACTS (Bastien and Gay,... more This work presents an alternative assessment of climate projections using FACTS (Bastien and Gay, 2016), based on possible future emissions pathways related to the Intended National Determined Contributions presented in 2015 as part of the Paris Agreement on climate change. Moreover it proposes emission reductions in order to stabilize the climate to the desired levels proposed by the international community. Ultimately, it shows the importance of the emissions pathways that the world could take in the crucial period of time 2020–2030. FACTS uses a fuzzy logic approach to solve this physical problem, aware of it dependence on the complexity of climate diplomacy.
Improving the Representation of Ecosystem Damages in the Social Cost of Carbon
In this research, a model that projects the mean global temperature as a function of anthropogeni... more In this research, a model that projects the mean global temperature as a function of anthropogenic carbon emissions was generated with two fuzzy inference systems, sugeno type. We propose that the climatic system is energetically balanced, and the albedo, solar constant and atmospheric transparency are all constants. Nevertheless, we assume that the surface temperature varies when the CO2 concentration changes and depends on the system temperature itself. The second assertion states that any change in atmospheric CO2 concentration depends on anthropogenic carbon emissions and the system actual concentration. The fuzzy inference systems were optimized using artificial neural networks that adjust the parameters according to a different data base that the one that was used to create the initial system. So that, we assure to find the hidden patterns and avoid overfitting. The principal results of this work are the temperature projections under IPCC scenarios and the discovering of the h...
Fuzzy Inference Systems as Geographic Patterns of Climatic Warming Over Mexico
In this work we analyze the high-resolution climate change signal over Mexico as a function of th... more In this work we analyze the high-resolution climate change signal over Mexico as a function of the global mean temperature using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems. The geographical array of Fuzzy Inference Systems are presented as warming patterns that were used to project the temperature trend over Mexico under the four Representative Concentration Pathways. From this, it is observed that largest temperature increment displays in the northwestern region, being the RCP8.5 scenario the one with the highest temperature variation. Also, it is presented a region where the internal climatic variability impedes certainty in the warming projections. These results pretend to serve as an analysis tool of potential impacts of regional warming over Mexico, and lead to the generation and improvement of adaptation and mitigation strategies in climate change matter.
Climate Impacts on Natural Capital: Consequences for the Social Cost of Carbon
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
The effects of climate change on natural systems will be substantial, widespread, and likely irre... more The effects of climate change on natural systems will be substantial, widespread, and likely irreversible. Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have already contributed to forest dieback and pushed some species toward extinction. Natural systems contribute to human welfare both as an input to the production of consumption goods and through the provision of nonuse values (i.e., existence and bequest values). But because they are often unpriced, it can be difficult to constrain these benefits. Understanding how climate change effects on the natural capital stock affect human well-being, and therefore the social cost of carbon (SCC), requires understanding not just the biophysical effects of climate change but also the particular role they play in supporting human welfare. This article reviews a range of topics from natural capital accounting through climate change economics important for quantifying the ecological costs of climate change and integrating these costs into SCC calculations.
Energy, 2019
This paper presents a new approach to incorporate climate damages in the BAU emissions baselines.... more This paper presents a new approach to incorporate climate damages in the BAU emissions baselines. The shared socioeconomic pathways framework is used to inform country-level changes in the mean surface temperature for the climate projections associated with each scenario. The temperature changes are used to calculate the economic damages using empirical estimates of climate effects on GDP growth. Finally, an energy system model is used under the original socioeconomic assumptions and the climate-damaged assumptions, illustrating the indirect effect of climate change in a country-level energy system. Mexico was chosen to exemplify this method. The results show a reduction of energy access and a slow down of technological transition in the energy sector under climate-damaged projections. It is concluded that greenhouse gas mitigation goals should be re-calibrated under cost-benefit analysis that takes into account the damages associated with future climates consistent with the baseline. Thus, the nationally determined contributions that state the emission goals of many countries could be closer to limit the temperature to 1.5 Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
Agent based Modeling Simulation for Land Use Change and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Land Management Policies
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, 2016
This study shows the Simulation of an Agent Based Model for Land Use Change (SIMBACUS) developed ... more This study shows the Simulation of an Agent Based Model for Land Use Change (SIMBACUS) developed on the Netlogo platform (Wilensky, 1999) for the period of 2010–2030. The model studies the interaction of individual behavior with environmental characteristics considering socioeconomic, demographic, climate and public policy aspects of Pachuca de Soto (Hidalgo). The simulation's dynamism is based on population growth and the Cobb-Douglas utility function, which determines the optimal decisions of individuals. The results indicate that in 2030 the municipality would have 303,773 inhabitants, the urban area would grow to 21 km2 and the implementation of a land management program would have a positive impact on social welfare and the permanence of natural resources.
It is well established that temperature variability affects a range of outcomes relevant to human... more It is well established that temperature variability affects a range of outcomes relevant to human welfare, including health (Gasparrini et al., 2017) emotion and mood (Baylis et al., 2018), and productivity across a number of economic sectors (Carleton & Hsiang, 2016; Dell et al., 2014). However, a critical and still unresolved empirical question is whether temperature variation has a long-lasting effect on economic productivity and, therefore, whether damages compound over time in response to long-lived changes in temperature expected with climate change. Several studies have identified a relationship between temperature and GDP (Burke et al., 2015; Dell et al., 2012; Kalkuhl & Wenz, 2020), but empirical evidence as to the persistence of these effects is still weak. This paper presents a novel approach to isolate the persistent component of temperature effects on output using lower frequency temperature variation. Using three different datasets we find that longer temperature anoma...
Use and non-use value of nature and the social cost of carbon
Nature Sustainability
Business-as-usual redefined: Energy systems under climate-damaged economies warrant review of nationally determined contributions
Energy, 2019
This paper presents a new approach to incorporate climate damages in the BAU emissions baselines.... more This paper presents a new approach to incorporate climate damages in the BAU emissions baselines. The shared socio-economic pathways framework is used to inform country-level changes in the mean surface temperature for the climate projections associated with each scenario. The temperature changes are used to calculate the economic damages using empirical estimates of climate effects on GDP growth. Finally, an energy system model is used under the original socio-economic assumptions and the climate-damaged assumptions, illustrating the indirect effect of climate change in a country-level energy system.
Mexico was chosen to exemplify this method. The results show a reduction of energy access and a slow down of technological transition in the energy sector under climate-damaged projections.
It is concluded that greenhouse gas mitigation goals should be re-calibrated under cost-benefit analysis that takes into account the damages associated with future climates consistent with the baseline. Thus, the nationally determined contributions that state the emission goals of many countries could be closer to limit the temperature to 1.5 Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
In this work we analyze the high-resolution climate change signal over Mexico as a function of th... more In this work we analyze the high-resolution climate change signal over Mexico as a function of the global mean temperature using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems. The geographical array of Fuzzy Inference Systems are presented as warming patterns that were used to project the temperature trend over Mexico under the four Representative Concentration Pathways. From this, it is observed that largest temperature increment displays in the northwestern region, being the RCP8.5 scenario the one with the highest temperature variation. Also, it is presented a region where the internal climatic variability impedes certainty in the warming projections. These results pretend to serve as an analysis tool of potential impacts of regional warming over Mexico, and lead to the generation and improvement of adaptation and mitigation strategies in climate change matter.
Food is a conventional vehicle for pathogens to reach and infect new hosts. Distinctively, street... more Food is a conventional vehicle for pathogens to reach and infect new hosts. Distinctively, street food is a major source of food-borne diseases and climate change effects will intensify this by increasing the mean surface temperature and thus, the microorganisms growth rate. Through this research we present a preliminary agent-based model that simulates at various levels the dynamic of street-food consumers and food-borne disease under climate change scenarios, using tunable parameters such as hygiene level, microorganisms growth rate and number of consumers. The results show that the model has the potential to be a useful tool for optimizing decision-making and urban planning strategies related to health and climate change.
Books by Bernardo Bastien-Olvera
Since climate change is greatly caused by our modes of energy production and consumption, some of... more Since climate change is greatly caused by our modes of energy production and consumption, some of the best possible responses to mitigate climate change might also be found within the energy systems themselves. However, energy technologies and sources are not exempt of the impacts of climate change, nonetheless, the inclusion of this characteristic is absent in the energy system models, our best tools to project energy futures and make energy-related decisions.
In this work it is proposed a methodology for assessing the impacts of climate change in a country energy system. The presented methodology links a wide range of possible socioeconomic futures with its associated change in the global climate, and models the impact in a national energy system by damaging the country-level socioeconomic drivers that feed a national energy model.
The methodology is applied to the Mexican case and some results are shown and discussed such as the electricity price, which is relatively higher for the large population and low GDP scenario, and lower for the small population and high GDP scenario. For both cases, the electricity price increases under climate change scenarios. Further, the energy production per capita decreases and the specific energy-producing processes could be tracked in order to indicate which loss or gain efficiency under climate change scenarios. Given the results and performance of the methodology, it is concluded that it is a potential tool for decision making in the energy planning and policy arena.
Los trabajos sobre el Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático iniciaron, de manera formal, en octubr... more Los trabajos sobre el Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático iniciaron, de manera formal, en octubre de 2013 cuando se hizo pública la intención de llevarlo a cabo. Como elemento de inspiración se consideró la existencia del Quinto Reporte de Evaluación del Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (IPCC, por sus siglas en inglés) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), de éste se analizaron sus contenidos temáticos para gestar el diseño general del Reporte Mexicano. Otro elemento
retomado del IPCC fue la inclusión de académicos de múltiples instituciones y disciplinas. En el plano operativo este proyecto
realizó sesiones de trabajo en diversos puntos de la geografía nacional para dar a conocer su existencia y sus grados de avance.
Como sucede con los reportes del IPCC, el Grupo de Trabajo III del Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático está dedicado a documentar los escenarios de emisión y las estrategias de mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero en México y que son la contribución nacional a las emisiones globales y que nunca han representado más del 1.5 % del total mundial.
Estamos conscientes que en el ámbito académico nacional, no se había emprendido un esfuerzo que tuviese como objetivo el poder documentar la mayor cantidad de información disponible, sobre lo que se ha escrito por mexicanos o extranjeros dentro y fuera de territorio nacional, que verse sobre México en un contexto de cambio climático. En ese sentido, al sentar las bases donde se desprenderán las actualizaciones subsecuentes, esta obra pionera deja lecciones para el futuro inmediato y de largo plazo.
De las primeras lecciones que vale destacar se encuentran, entre otras, las siguientes:
En la realización de este esfuerzo académico, sólo en este volumen, participan más de medio centenar de académicos adscritos a casi 50 dependencias académicas locales y nacionales, lo cual habla de la capacidad de convocatoria que generó el proyecto y en el que, indudablemente, la labor de los autores coordinadores de cada uno de los capítulos fue fundamental.
Al cotejar el contenido temático de este Grupo de Trabajo III del Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático con su homólogo del IPCC, resalta la diferencia en cuanto a la cantidad de temas. De ello se desprende el hecho de que en México no se está produciendo literatura, tanto indexada como gris, sobre todos y cada uno de los temas que son objeto de mucha atención del IPCC.
La ausencia de temas significa de manera directa una agenda de investigación que los académicos mexicanos pueden comenzar a explorar.
Otro hecho a destacar, es que no todos los sectores académicos en México se han involucrado en la temática y ello genera que la redacción de informes basados en la metodología del IPCC– revisión de literatura indexada y gris, uso de lenguaje calibrado y análisis de metadatos – sea, incluso, una aventura académica. Como consecuencia de lo antes dicho, y buscando privilegiar la integridad de la obra, en este volumen se encuentran sólo los capítulos que más se acercan a los criterios antes mencionados.
Por lo que corresponde a los mecanismos de revisión de los capítulos; estos fueron sometidos a una evaluación externa realizada por académicos de la Universidad de Colima y, en paralelo, una lectura entre autores del mismo grupo (esto del 2 al 6 de Marzo del 2015). En el mes de abril, se realizó una segunda revisión interna a capítulos críticos en las instalaciones del Instituto Mora. Posterior a ello, todos y cada uno de los capítulos fueron enviados a arbitraje externo.
Al final de esta experiencia, sólo nos resta agradecer el apoyo que diversas personas e instituciones nos brindaron. En primera instancia, la Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la UNAM que nos respaldó en todo momento para la cristalización de este proyecto. Al Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático (INECC) y al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) que facilitaron los recursos para la realización de algunas reuniones foráneas para la elaboración de este reporte. A las autoridades, académicos, personal de apoyo y trabajadores del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la UNAM, a la
Dirección de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades del Campus León de la Universidad de Guanajuato, el personal de la Coordinación
de la Investigación Científica que facilito las instalaciones del Auditorio Nabor Carrillo para realizar sesiones de trabajo, la Universidad Veracruzana y la Universidad de Colima, porque sin su colaboración no se habrían podido desarrollar las reuniones de este grupo de trabajo.
Un reconocimiento especial en este volumen III de Emisiones y Mitigación de Gases de Efecto Invernadero, es para Xochitl Cruz Núñez quien apoyó la coordinación operativa del Grupo de Trabajo. Además, se debe reconocer el trabajo desempeñado por el personal administrativo del Programa de Investigación en Cambio Climático, a sus becarios: Bernardo Bastién, Dafne Carmona, Liliana López y Roberto Lorenzo porque todos, en diversos momentos y circunstancias, fueron involucrados en la realización
del Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático. En lo particular, a Angelina Cos Gutiérrez y Claudia Tatiana Peña Ledón que han intervenido en la edición y formación del volumen.
Finalmente, destacar que esta obra ha sido financiada con una aportación especifica del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.
Aunque este volumen cuenta con una coordinación general y una coordinación operativa, la responsabilidad final del contenido de cada uno de los capítulos es exclusiva de los autores involucrados en su elaboración.
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Papers by Bernardo Bastien-Olvera
Mexico was chosen to exemplify this method. The results show a reduction of energy access and a slow down of technological transition in the energy sector under climate-damaged projections.
It is concluded that greenhouse gas mitigation goals should be re-calibrated under cost-benefit analysis that takes into account the damages associated with future climates consistent with the baseline. Thus, the nationally determined contributions that state the emission goals of many countries could be closer to limit the temperature to 1.5 Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
Books by Bernardo Bastien-Olvera
In this work it is proposed a methodology for assessing the impacts of climate change in a country energy system. The presented methodology links a wide range of possible socioeconomic futures with its associated change in the global climate, and models the impact in a national energy system by damaging the country-level socioeconomic drivers that feed a national energy model.
The methodology is applied to the Mexican case and some results are shown and discussed such as the electricity price, which is relatively higher for the large population and low GDP scenario, and lower for the small population and high GDP scenario. For both cases, the electricity price increases under climate change scenarios. Further, the energy production per capita decreases and the specific energy-producing processes could be tracked in order to indicate which loss or gain efficiency under climate change scenarios. Given the results and performance of the methodology, it is concluded that it is a potential tool for decision making in the energy planning and policy arena.
retomado del IPCC fue la inclusión de académicos de múltiples instituciones y disciplinas. En el plano operativo este proyecto
realizó sesiones de trabajo en diversos puntos de la geografía nacional para dar a conocer su existencia y sus grados de avance.
Como sucede con los reportes del IPCC, el Grupo de Trabajo III del Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático está dedicado a documentar los escenarios de emisión y las estrategias de mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero en México y que son la contribución nacional a las emisiones globales y que nunca han representado más del 1.5 % del total mundial.
Estamos conscientes que en el ámbito académico nacional, no se había emprendido un esfuerzo que tuviese como objetivo el poder documentar la mayor cantidad de información disponible, sobre lo que se ha escrito por mexicanos o extranjeros dentro y fuera de territorio nacional, que verse sobre México en un contexto de cambio climático. En ese sentido, al sentar las bases donde se desprenderán las actualizaciones subsecuentes, esta obra pionera deja lecciones para el futuro inmediato y de largo plazo.
De las primeras lecciones que vale destacar se encuentran, entre otras, las siguientes:
En la realización de este esfuerzo académico, sólo en este volumen, participan más de medio centenar de académicos adscritos a casi 50 dependencias académicas locales y nacionales, lo cual habla de la capacidad de convocatoria que generó el proyecto y en el que, indudablemente, la labor de los autores coordinadores de cada uno de los capítulos fue fundamental.
Al cotejar el contenido temático de este Grupo de Trabajo III del Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático con su homólogo del IPCC, resalta la diferencia en cuanto a la cantidad de temas. De ello se desprende el hecho de que en México no se está produciendo literatura, tanto indexada como gris, sobre todos y cada uno de los temas que son objeto de mucha atención del IPCC.
La ausencia de temas significa de manera directa una agenda de investigación que los académicos mexicanos pueden comenzar a explorar.
Otro hecho a destacar, es que no todos los sectores académicos en México se han involucrado en la temática y ello genera que la redacción de informes basados en la metodología del IPCC– revisión de literatura indexada y gris, uso de lenguaje calibrado y análisis de metadatos – sea, incluso, una aventura académica. Como consecuencia de lo antes dicho, y buscando privilegiar la integridad de la obra, en este volumen se encuentran sólo los capítulos que más se acercan a los criterios antes mencionados.
Por lo que corresponde a los mecanismos de revisión de los capítulos; estos fueron sometidos a una evaluación externa realizada por académicos de la Universidad de Colima y, en paralelo, una lectura entre autores del mismo grupo (esto del 2 al 6 de Marzo del 2015). En el mes de abril, se realizó una segunda revisión interna a capítulos críticos en las instalaciones del Instituto Mora. Posterior a ello, todos y cada uno de los capítulos fueron enviados a arbitraje externo.
Al final de esta experiencia, sólo nos resta agradecer el apoyo que diversas personas e instituciones nos brindaron. En primera instancia, la Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la UNAM que nos respaldó en todo momento para la cristalización de este proyecto. Al Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático (INECC) y al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) que facilitaron los recursos para la realización de algunas reuniones foráneas para la elaboración de este reporte. A las autoridades, académicos, personal de apoyo y trabajadores del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la UNAM, a la
Dirección de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades del Campus León de la Universidad de Guanajuato, el personal de la Coordinación
de la Investigación Científica que facilito las instalaciones del Auditorio Nabor Carrillo para realizar sesiones de trabajo, la Universidad Veracruzana y la Universidad de Colima, porque sin su colaboración no se habrían podido desarrollar las reuniones de este grupo de trabajo.
Un reconocimiento especial en este volumen III de Emisiones y Mitigación de Gases de Efecto Invernadero, es para Xochitl Cruz Núñez quien apoyó la coordinación operativa del Grupo de Trabajo. Además, se debe reconocer el trabajo desempeñado por el personal administrativo del Programa de Investigación en Cambio Climático, a sus becarios: Bernardo Bastién, Dafne Carmona, Liliana López y Roberto Lorenzo porque todos, en diversos momentos y circunstancias, fueron involucrados en la realización
del Reporte Mexicano de Cambio Climático. En lo particular, a Angelina Cos Gutiérrez y Claudia Tatiana Peña Ledón que han intervenido en la edición y formación del volumen.
Finalmente, destacar que esta obra ha sido financiada con una aportación especifica del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.
Aunque este volumen cuenta con una coordinación general y una coordinación operativa, la responsabilidad final del contenido de cada uno de los capítulos es exclusiva de los autores involucrados en su elaboración.