Pál Sümegi

University of Szeged, Geology and Paleontology, Faculty Member

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Address: Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

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Papers by Pál Sümegi

ZWISCHEN BYZANZ UND DER STEPPE Archäologische und historische Studien Festschrift fÜr Csanád Bálint zum 70. Geburtstag BETWEEN BYZANTIUM AND THE STEPPE Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honour of Csanád Bálint on the Occasion of His 70 th Birthday

by Pál Sümegi and Balázs Bálint

95. Sümegi, P., Náfrádi, K., Jakab, G., & Törőcsik, T. (2016): Did an Extreme Dry Climate Lead Actually to the Collapse of the Avar Empire in the Carpathian Basin – A Fact or Fiction? In: Bollók, Á., Csiky, G., & Vida, T. (eds.) Zwischen Byzanz und der Steppe: archäologische und historische Studi..., 2016

U WE FIEDLER Nochmals zur Datierung der Wall-und Grabenzüge an der mittleren Donau. Vorgelagerter... more

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Comparison of High-Resolution 14C and Luminescence-Based Chronologies of the MIS 2 Madaras Loess/Paleosol Sequence, Hungary: Implications for Chronological Studies

Quaternary

Numerous loess/paleosol sequences (LPS) in the Carpathian Basin span the period of Marine Isotope... more Numerous loess/paleosol sequences (LPS) in the Carpathian Basin span the period of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 and the last glacial maximum (LGM). Nevertheless, only two known records—Madaras and Dunaszekcső—preserve highly resolved records with absolute chronologies with minimal uncertainties, which enable the meaningful assessment of feedbacks and short-term climatic fluctuations over this period. The Madaras profile is located at the northern margin fringe of the Bácska loess plateau; Dunaszekcső, located on the Danube to its west, yields a chronology built on over 100 14C dates yet spans only part of MIS 2, missing half of the LGM including its peak. Here, we add to the previously published 14C chronology for Madaras (15 dates) with an additional 17 14C and luminescence ages. Resulting age models built solely on quartz OSL and feldspar pIRIRSL data underestimate the 14C based chronology, which is likely based on inaccuracies related to luminescence signal behavior; we observe a...

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A hortobágyi Ecse-halom tájtörténete [The landscape historical study of the Ecse-halom kurgan in Hortobágy (Hungary)]

A szélcsendes verőfényben a Madarasi-rét, lágyan hullámzó síkvíz, túlnan rajta meg Ecsehalom-pusz... more A szélcsendes verőfényben a Madarasi-rét, lágyan hullámzó síkvíz, túlnan rajta meg Ecsehalom-puszta magasan himbálódzik a levegőben.-Sokat szenvedett, szép magyar róna, mégis csak megvan a régi játékos kedved!-De hogyisne lenne, mikor az a föld táplálja, amelyet ezer éven át annyi vér és könny termékenyített örök erejűvé…" (BORSODI 1933) Kulcsszavak: Hortobágy, kurgán, geomorfológia, tájtörténet, régészeti rétegtan, löszvegetáció Összefoglalás: A hortobágyi Ecse-halmot alapvetően szikes legelők és mocsarak veszik körül. A késő rézkorban-kora bronzkorban a keleti eredetű nomád népek (Jamnaja-kultúra) által emelt kurgánt két felhordási szint alkotja. Két település, Karcag és Kunmadaras határpontján áll, a határvonal mentén középkori eredetű földút vezet keresztül, mely a több évszázados használat miatt gyakorlatilag löszmélyútként mélyed a halomtest központi részébe. A 20. század során további torzításon ment keresztül, déli felét felszántották, majd rizsföldként használták, majd katonai megfigyelő tornyot telepítettek rá. A halom felszíne ennek ellenére viszonylag jó állapotú, regionális szinten jelentős, fajgazdag löszpusztagyepet őriz.

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Ember, környezet és növényzet kapcsolata a Kárpát-medencében a jégkor végétől napjainkig

SZTE TTIK Földrajzi és Földtudományi Intézet, 2019

A Kárpát-medencében, múlt században lezajlott éghajlatváltozás Holdridge életzóna rendszere alapján

Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem, Természettudományi és Műszaki Kar, Természetföldrajzi Tanszék, 2013

Munkánk során a Holdridge által definiált életzónák területi eloszlásának, átlagos tengerszintfel... more Munkánk során a Holdridge által definiált életzónák területi eloszlásának, átlagos tengerszintfeletti magasságának és átlagos középpontjának változásait vizsgáltuk a múlt században a Kelet-Angliai Egyetem Éghajlatkutató Osztálya (CRU) által összeállított adatbázis alapján a Kárpát-medence régiójára nézve.

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Magyarországi kvartermalakológiai adatbázis kiépítése = The creation of a quartermalacological database in Hungary

Az adatbazis felepitesehez felhasznalt adatokat a kozgyűjtemenyekben (Magyar Allami Foldtani Inte... more Az adatbazis felepitesehez felhasznalt adatokat a kozgyűjtemenyekben (Magyar Allami Foldtani Intezet, Matra Muzeum, Munkacsy Mihaly Muzeum) hozzaferhető, felmeresunk szerint 2476 lelőhely (lelethely, furas) malakologiai anyagabol valogattuk ki. Elsősorban a mar publikalt lelőhelyek faunait vettuk fel az adatbazisba, amelyeknel a publikaciokban az osszes lenyeges adat megtalalhato volt. Ezek nem csupan a retegtani es faunisztikai szempontbol legfontosabb kvartermalakologiai anyagokat jelentettek, hanem egyuttal tetelesen ellenőrzott es revidealt gyűjtemenyi anyagok voltak. Felvettunk az adatbazisba nem publikalt anyagokat is, hogy az egyes adatok hianyanak kovetkezmenyeit lemerhessuk. Munkank soran 105 lelőhely illetve lelethely, ezen belul osszesen 392 egyseg (reteg, minta, melysegkoz) malakologiai anyaganak (238 taxon, 6038 előfordulasi adat) szamitogepes feldolgozasat vegeztuk el. Az adatbazisba bevitt adatok "visszakeresese" az alabbi fő lehetősegek szerint tortenhet: 1...

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The Crvenka loess-paleosol sequence: A record of continuous grassland domination in the southern Carpathian Basin during the Late Pleistocene

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2018

In this study, we compare two independent paleoenvironmental proxies for a loess sequence in nort... more In this study, we compare two independent paleoenvironmental proxies for a loess sequence in northern Serbia, in the southern Carpathian Basin: novel n-alkane biomarkers and traditional land snail assemblages. Both are associated with other, more widely used proxy data for loess sections, such as environmental magnetism, grain size, and geochemical indices. Together, these paleoenvironmental proxy records provide evidence for the continued dominance of grasslands during the Late Pleistocene in the Southern Carpathian Basin. It is contrary to other European loess provinces, which are characterized by high diversity of Late Pleistocene environments (ranging from tundra-like to deciduous forest habitats). These findings highlight the southeastern part of Carpathian Basin as an important, but still insufficiently investigated, biogeographical refugium, and biodiversity preservation zone. The reason for this is a mostly stable paleoclimate for much of the Late Pleistocene.

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Adatok a kétegyházi két török-halom tájtörténetéhez

Földrajzi Közlemények, 2020

Only a few ancient architectural monuments remain standing in the central region of the Hungarian... more Only a few ancient architectural monuments remain standing in the central region of the Hungarian Great Plain. However, the kurgans’ unique 5000-year-old treasures still exist in this area, with many landscape archaeological, archaeological topography, and landscape ecological survey prospects. Mounds can be found on the banks of no-longer exisiting rivers and at some points of higher altitude areas. The oral tradition of the Great Hungarian Plain marked the man-made, artificial, conical rises in the landscape that are associated with ancient, archaeological periods as mounds. According to their origin, kurgans can be classified as burial sites and sacred points of nomad people in prehistory. The two „Török-halom” kurgans are the biggest burial mounds of the kurgan field near Kétegyháza (Békés County, Hungary) in the Körös-Maros National Park (Kígyósi-puszta). Built by people of the Yamnaya Entity in the Late Copper Age (3000–2700 BC), the northern kurgan and its surface is intact w...

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A hortobágyi szikesedés eredete = The origins of sodification in the Hortobágy region

The chronological analyses, earlier corings and the lithostratigraphical analogies to the sedimen... more The chronological analyses, earlier corings and the lithostratigraphical analogies to the sediments indicate that they had been deposited continuously from the Middle Würm to the close of the Holocene. The pollen profile is dominated by non-arboreal pollen, even during the Holocene. In this sense, this pollen profile is unique and it can only be compared to other pollen sequences from the Hortobágy because deciduous arboreal pollen did not become dominant in any one pollen zone. This pollen composition provides evidence that alkalisation was continuous from the Middle Würm to the close of the Holocene. The alkalik species formed a vegetation intermixed with taiga during the Pleistocene, resembling the one which can be observed in southern Siberia, in the Altai foreland, where a steppe belt with alkalik elements was intermixed with deciduous woodland and taiga elements, but breaking up into a mosaic of taiga interspersed with grass steppe and deciduous woodland in consequence of extr...

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The building of palisades and palisaded castles in Ottoman Hungary – Case studies

Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

During the period of Ottoman rule in Hungary (1541‒1686), palisaded castles of differing sizes we... more During the period of Ottoman rule in Hungary (1541‒1686), palisaded castles of differing sizes were typical elements in the border-castle networks on both sides of the battlefront: the Ottoman and the Christian. Archaeological remains (post-holes, beam structures, parts of palisades) complement the data in the written sources, making perceptible and measurable the great quantities of timber used in the building of castles. In the case of the Ottoman palisaded castle at Barcs and in that of the royal palisaded castle at Bajcsavár (southern Transdanubia), attempts were made ‒ on the basis of archaeological observations and reconstructions of ground plans ‒ to determine the number of palisade stakes used for the walls at the time of building, as well as to establish the number of trees felled in order to make them. By way of environmental history researches, an answer was sought to the question of how much the construction of these palisaded castles impacted on the forests in their res...

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Középső-würm végi fosszilis talaj- és löszréteg átmeneti szintjének komplex paleoökológiai vizsgálata a tokaji Kopasz-hegyen

14C Dated Chronology of the Thickest and Best Resolved Loess/Paleosol Record of the LGM from SE Hungary Based on Comparing Precision and Accuracy of Age-Depth Models

Radiocarbon, 2020

ABSTRACTThe Madaras profile found at the northernmost fringe of Bácska loess plateau is one of th... more ABSTRACTThe Madaras profile found at the northernmost fringe of Bácska loess plateau is one of the thickest and best-developed last glacial loess sequences of Central Europe. The 10-m profile corresponds to a period between 29 and 12 b2k. To unravel feedback to small-scale centennial climatic fluctuations at our site, recorded in the Greenland ice and North Atlantic marine cores, construction of a reliable chronology is needed. Reliability is expressed in terms of best achievable chronological precision. Accuracy however is based on choosing the model best describing the sedimentological features of our profile. Five different age-depth models had constructed and compared relying on 15 14C dates using various statistical, probabilistic approaches to choose the model with the highest achievable precision. Accuracy was also evaluated using accumulation rates against stratigraphy. Models constructed using the computer program Bacon performed best in terms of achieving the best possible...

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Radiocarbon-dated peat development: anthropogenic and climatic signals in a Holocene raised bog and lake profile from the Eastern part of the Carpathian Basin

Radiocarbon, 2018

The peat bog at Homoródszentpál Kerek-tó (Round Lake), situated in Homoród Hills of the Eastern C... more The peat bog at Homoródszentpál Kerek-tó (Round Lake), situated in Homoród Hills of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania, provides a continuous record of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes from the Early Holocene. In this study, we present a 7500-year-long high-resolution record of past climatic changes and signs of human impact recorded in a peat bog via integrating sedimentological, paleoecological and geochemical proxies. The basin of Round Lake formed around the Pleistocene–Holocene border when the permafrost thawed. Ponded water accumulated in the catchment basin from the beginning of the Holocene but ca. 7500 cal BP years ago lacustrine sedimentation was exchanged for peat accumulation. The 570-cm-long core was subsampled at 2–4 cm intervals and subjected to grain-size, loss-on-ignition (LOI), pollen, and radiocarbon (14C) analyses. Our findings were correlated with and interpreted in the light of paleobotanical records deriving from archaeological sites and the newest...

The Middle and Late Pleniglacial (Weichselian) malacofauna of the Zemun loess–paleosol sequence, Serbia

PalZ, 2019

The aim of our study was to describe the succession of malacological assemblages along the expose... more The aim of our study was to describe the succession of malacological assemblages along the exposed loess profile located in Belgrade, along the banks of the Danube River (municipality of Zemun). Deposits that belong to the composite loess unit L1 were sampled. Loess unit L1 included two subunits: L1SS1 (a Middle Pleniglacial subunit with two weakly developed initial pedogenic horizons) and L1LL1 (a Late Pleniglacial loess subunit). Three malacological zones were distinguished. Malacological results imply a change in climatic conditions and subsequently in vegetation structure. The molluscs indicate an environment with a moderate (warm and dry) climate and a mosaic vegetation type composed of grasslands and forest steppe. Gradual cooling was inferred within the Late Pleniglacial period. Our findings concur with the results of earlier studies indicating that the Zemun site and the adjacent area served as a transition zone between the refuge areas within the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin during the Late Pleistocene.

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Relict Anthropogenic Ecosystem from the Middle Ages: History of a Salt Marsh from Transylvania (Sic, N Romania)

Environmental Archaeology, 2019

A paleoecological study was performed on a sediment core recovered from a former artificial laket... more A paleoecological study was performed on a sediment core recovered from a former artificial lakethe Reedbed of Sic near Cluj-Napoca, Romaniain order to explore the history of water management and nearby salt mining, and its impact on the environment. From the Roman period, the area served as a recipient of salty wastewaters. The most significant shift in the sediment composition and macrofossil assemblages took place after 1000 AD, suggesting a significant upturn in salt mining. The impact of mining-related activities was further increased in the Middle Ages when, according to documentary sources, fishponds and watermills were constructed in the area. They led to the stabilisation of the water level in the lakebed, and enhanced the appearance of reed beds and the spread of secondary salt marsh vegetation. This biotop was later invaded by the Entzia macrescens, an agglutinated foraminiferal taxon, known mostly from the high intertidal marshes worldwide. In the investigated marshland, the dominance of halophytic species reached their acme in the seventeenth century, which coincides with the acme of mining activities. This medievalearly Modern Age industrial ecosystem survived the abandonment of salt mines and fishponds, being preserved until today.

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Investigating the last glacial Gravettian site ‘Ságvár Lyukas Hill’ (Hungary) and its paleoenvironmental and geochronological context using a multi-proxy approach

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2017

Investigating the last glacial Gravettian site 'Ságvár Lyukas Hill' (Hungary) and its paleoenviro... more

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Föld, ember, folyó kapcsolata az újkökorban

ABSTRACT

A long history of the Kiri-tó meander

Paleoecology of Peatlands - Quaternary Climate Reconstructions from Hungary

Pál Sümegi

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