West African Architectural Festival, 2016 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
The cost of cement is on the rise again. Yearly,the construction industry experiences the effects... more The cost of cement is on the rise again. Yearly,the construction industry experiences the effects of fluctuation in the cost of building materials. The ripple effect and variation that ensues destabilizes plans for execution of projects and also the profits postulated. This paper is focused on sourcing alternative materials to cement and sand. Cement and sand are the major materials used in the construction industry in Nigeria. Nigeria is a developing country which has plans for a lot of infrastructure. Locally sourced alternate materials, will make buildings more affordable and available. Flyash,which is obtained from coal is a good substitute for cement and sand. Coal is found in large quantities in Nigeria. Harnessing coal and other local materials like laterite, wood and materials indigenous to locations we design for will help us to achieve a more organic architectural practice.
Continuous Professional Development Programs, 2012 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
WASCON 2018 - Circular Economy by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
This paper seeks to explore the possibilities of alternative design methods by reusing scrap meta... more This paper seeks to explore the possibilities of alternative design methods by reusing scrap metals in architectural practice to reduce the carbon footprint by recycling metal. Currently, recycled metal constitutes 30% of the world's metal products. The highest percentage of recycled metal is generated from the automobile industry. In the United States of America and Europe, over 60% of recycled metal comes from the automobile industry. Every year, about 12 million vehicles are taken off the roads in the European Union where collection of scraps is carried out through commercial reverse logistic network. This percentage is expected to increase due to the introduction of contemporary sustainable car design. Steel is the most recycled metal and steel production is counted as the second largest consumer of energy in the world. Discovering alternate methods of reuse to simply recycling steel will reduce the energy utilized in the production of steel. Alternate design methods are being explored for their degree of disassembly in order to promote material and economic circularity. Improved reuse can certainly prolong the life cycle of scraps and improve their value. ABSTRACT This paper seeks to find poetry in recreating, not necessarily through beauty, but in the aesthetic dimension of trash itself or to find perfection in imperfection itself. The research presented herein focuses on design-driven applications for industrial by-products waste reuse. The aim is to understand the potential and feasibility of developing building skin systems based on designing out nonhazardous waste from the auto industry. In this paper, an experimental case study and testing research methodology are discussed. The method involves manufacturing processes observations, descriptions of automotive and building material culture that resulted in speculative design work. Moreover, linear mathematical models for estimating fabrication time and power have been postulated and used to evaluate each design quantitatively. The results from the models clearly indicate that fabricating intricate building components out of scrap material could entail a significant energy cost. In summary, the work provides examples of ecosystem knowledge transfer between the automotive and the building industries. The work is a result of a multi-year collaboration applied research project between academia and industry.
Architectural Research Centers Consortium 2019 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Background/Literature Review
ARCC/EAAE International Conference 2018 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
ARCC Conference Repository, 2018
The United States' manufacturing industry generates approximately 7.6 billion tons of non-hazardo... more The United States' manufacturing industry generates approximately 7.6 billion tons of non-hazardous solid waste each year, a significant portion of which is either recyclable or reusable. Emerging ecosystem concepts such as cradle-to-cradle, design for disassembly, sustainable manufacturing, and most recently circular economy, are promoting the reusing or recycling of non-hazardous industrial waste. Empirical evidence suggests that there are significant economic, environmental, and social benefits to reusing industrial waste rather than recycling it. This paper presents, discusses and synthesis five speculative case studies in designing exterior building skins using standard automobile stamping by-products. The goal of the design experiment was to transform the linear approach in making building components, particularly, exterior metal skins and cladding systems, to a closed-loop approach, which ensures multi-dimensional economic, social, and environmental benefits. The results of the study are expected to aid in the reduction of energy used for extracting new materials and change the focus of the current waste management practices in the manufacturing industry from conventional recycling to creative reuse. The imperfection of the manufacturing industrial waste despite optimization measures, and the aging of zinc (patina) can both be transformed into novel unconventional architectural products.
Drafts by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Background/Literature Review
Background/Literature Review
Papers by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Waste and Biomass Valorization, May 24, 2020
Purpose This study suggests an alternative approach to valorize non-hazardous industrial solid wa... more Purpose This study suggests an alternative approach to valorize non-hazardous industrial solid waste flow into construction materials, in particular as metal façade systems by quantifying the creative reuse of consistent and predicated sized scrap metal cutouts (known as Offal) that were generated from the automotive sheet metal stamping and blanking manufacturing processes. Methods This study is an expansion on two papers presented at the 10th International Conference on the Environmental and Technical Implications of Construction with Alternative Materials (WASCON). Automotive sheet metal waste stream was transformed into two novel building facade system designs and a "cradle to gate" Life Cycle Assessment was carried out to analyze their environmental impacts and its resultant effect on design, manufacturing and economy. Results A Material Design Circularity Factor was introduced to compare both façade systems. Design #1 had greater impacts for all indicators except for operational energy due to the possibility of infiltration. Economically, design #1 had almost double the savings of design #2 at approximately four million dollars annually. The avoided carbon emissions made it evident that the creative reuse of Offal had significant environmental impacts. The two facade systems avoided 7.8 and 5.3 million kg CO 2-eq. of greenhouse gas emissions for design #1 and design #2 respectively. Conclusion Industrial Symbiosis is a viable concept that can lead to the adoption of circular economy principles to activate reuse over recycling for industrial by-products, which was promoted by creativity, saved manufacturing energy and the reduced costs of production of construction materials. This study proved that reusing automotive metal scrap for building envelopes is environmentally optimal and economically affordable.
Circular Economy Trends – Potential Role of Emerging Technologies
IOP conference series, Nov 1, 2022
The circular economy and digital transformation are two of the major trends over the last decade.... more The circular economy and digital transformation are two of the major trends over the last decade. Integrative methodological advances such as life cycle assessments, material flow analysis, and input-output tables are some of the current trends in circular economy case studies and scenarios. However, more efficient processes are required, and methods need to be adapted to the unique attributes of circular economy systems. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of current technological trends and topics in the circular economy. A scoping review and an automated content analysis were conducted in over 6000 abstracts available in Springer journals. Strategies such as applying data-driven design in the field of circular economy and using innovative information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer new possibilities for optimizing existing integration methods. New circular economy approaches, and systems could emerge based on taking advantage of technologies such as: artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Advanced Data Analytics, etc. Also, emerging topics in circular economy technologies focus on energy, policy, models, and global systems. The paper concludes with an outline of emerging technologies and identifies several future research directions.
This paper seeks to introduce a novel approach in salvaging the urban realm through exploring way... more This paper seeks to introduce a novel approach in salvaging the urban realm through exploring ways in which design can extrapolate the use and the value of consistent industrial byproducts, mainly from the automobile industry. The research begins with a need to conserve materials and energy with a focus on adding value by design. In this paper, a speculative design work and comparative analysis have been conducted. The method begins with the analysis of automobile byproduct materials, observations of procurement of new material and analysis of proposed designs of automobile body manufacturing. The goal of the study is to transform the linear approach in making building components, in particular, building exterior metal skins and cladding systems, to a closed-loop approach, which ensures multi-dimensional economic, social, and environmental benefits. The study introduces a novel approach in initiating a symbiosis between non-hazardous automobile waste and the building and construction industry. In particular, creating building skin systems from by-product galvanized sheet metal from the automobile industry. The results are expected to change the focus of the current waste management practices in the manufacturing industry from conventional recycling to creative reuse.
Circular Economy Trends – Potential Role of Emerging Technologies
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The circular economy and digital transformation are two of the major trends over the last decade.... more The circular economy and digital transformation are two of the major trends over the last decade. Integrative methodological advances such as life cycle assessments, material flow analysis, and input-output tables are some of the current trends in circular economy case studies and scenarios. However, more efficient processes are required, and methods need to be adapted to the unique attributes of circular economy systems. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of current technological trends and topics in the circular economy. A scoping review and an automated content analysis were conducted in over 6000 abstracts available in Springer journals. Strategies such as applying data-driven design in the field of circular economy and using innovative information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer new possibilities for optimizing existing integration methods. New circular economy approaches, and systems could emerge based on taking advantage of technologies such as: artificial...
Finding Perfection in Imperfection
Symbiotic Circularity in Buildings: An Alternative Path for Valorizing Sheet Metal Waste Stream as Metal Building Facades
Waste and Biomass Valorization
In Situ Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Modular Living Wall System for Industrial Symbiosis
Energy and Buildings
Matrix Trays: From waste to opportunities
Journal of Cleaner Production
ACSA 107 Annual Meeting Proceedings, 2019
This paper provides a serious attempt to build a compelling case, arguing for a new materialism p... more This paper provides a serious attempt to build a compelling case, arguing for a new materialism paradigm shift based on structuring a synergistic workflow between the automobile and the building industries. Although the transfer of technology between the two industries has seen an unprecedented increase in the last ten years primarily in robotics technologies and digital fabrication methods, the very basic fundamental aspects of materials supply-chain, fabrication processes, and waste-flow optimization have been overlooked by the design community. The story of making the stamped-aluminum skin of the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA) building in Pittsburgh (the site of the Material Frontier call discourse) reveals a profound similar synergy between the Pullman company and the building design. The emerging opportunities from such a cross disciplined engagement in materials investigations allows for an informative design process that influences the fabrication territories of both industries. As such, this paper introduces a new methodology in transforming the consistent sized waste-flow of metals from the automobile industry to the building industry addressing an untapped opportunity in design within a time-sensitive circular economy paradigm. The paper presents a thorough review of the ALCOA building design and fabrication processes then introduce a speculative built case study illustrating the conversion from the conceptual to the applied through a series of tactile exterminations.
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West African Architectural Festival, 2016 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Continuous Professional Development Programs, 2012 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
WASCON 2018 - Circular Economy by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Architectural Research Centers Consortium 2019 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
ARCC/EAAE International Conference 2018 by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Drafts by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.
Papers by Patricia Kio, Ph.D.