Papers by Bahzad H S Mustafa
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences,, 2024
This study aimed to identify specific types of gastrointestinal helminthes and protozoa parasites... more This study aimed to identify specific types of gastrointestinal helminthes and protozoa parasites that infect the Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio). During the growing period, 400 fish were randomly separated from five spawning fish ponds in Sulaimani province: Mara Rash (P1), Qalachwalan (P2), Kandashin (P3), Kalawanan (P4), and Piramagrun (P5). Fish infection with parasites was found to be 30.25% prevalent overall, with a high distribution rate of infestation in the P3 region of 48.75%. Diphyllobothrium latum, Ligula intestinalis, and Bothriocephalusacheilognathi were identified as the three helminthes species,with an overall prevalence rate of 22.75%, P3 had the highest examination rate of helminthes, with 9.25% of the Ligula intestinalis species, 7.5% of Diphyllobothrium latum, and 6% of Bothriecephalusopsariichthydis (acheilognathi) species. The t-test revealed the largest differences, at p-value (Two-tailed) < alpha 0.05, between the helminthes and protozoa parasites' prevalence and pond area. Three protozoa species have been identified, including Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica, and Eimeria spp.All spawning fish ponds had an overall prevalence rate of 7.75% of fish infested with protozoa; the greatest percentage was 2.75% for E. histolytica, followed by 2.5% for Eimeria spp., and 1.5% for Cryptosporidium spp. Based on the ponds, the most common protozoainfested fish were 5% of E. histolytica in P1, 3.75% of Cryptosporidium spp. in P3, and 3.75% of Eimeria spp. in P5. The investigation demonstrates that 1% of the mixed in various ponds were afflicted with protozoa parasites.
Maǧallaẗ al-baṣraẗ li-l-abḥāṯ al-bayṭariyyaṯ, Dec 28, 2011
A study was carried out on Ovine Anaplasmosis in the Sulaimani province of Iraq from September to... more A study was carried out on Ovine Anaplasmosis in the Sulaimani province of Iraq from September to December2007. Five hundred thin blood smears were prepared form Peripheral blood of sheep in 10 different localities and stained by Giemsa. The prevalence of Anaplasma Ovis was 24 (4.8%) and the rate was highest 8.8% was among animals above 3 years. The infected animal showed mild fever, hyperpnoea and tachycardia. Hematological values of the infected sheep was as follows: Packed cell volume 22 ± 4.75 % , erythrocyte count 6.42 ± 1.35 ×10 6 / µl , hemoglobin concentration 6.95 ± 1.28 g/dl , mean corpuscular volume 35.5 ± 5.85/ fl , mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration 11..04 ± 2.42/ pg, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31.62 ± 6.62 g/dl and WBCs 11.15 ± 2.18× 10³ /µl , serum protein value 5.875 ± 0.801 mg/dl, serum calcium 8.341± 1.029 mg/dl, conjugate serum bilirubin 0.85 ± 0.314 mg/dl and serum cholesterol 57.291 ± 6.153 mg/dl.
Experimental Vaccination of Sheep Against Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) Usingwhole Crude Larvae Extract of Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum Insulaimani Governorate-Iraq
The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2012
The present study was carried out at October to December months 2011, unfed larval of Hyalomma an... more The present study was carried out at October to December months 2011, unfed larval of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were used for preparation of larval antigen for sheep (local breed) were inoculated subcutaneously (s/c) with 0.1 ml (8.2 mg/ml) in five successive doses of weekly interval. In each week end, five ml of blood was drawn directly from jugular vein for evaluation of gamma immunoglobulin (IgG) response. In this study there was that the highly correlation differences (r² = 0.976, p < 0.01) between all inoculation (immunization) weekly intervals with control sheep. Immunoglobulin-G level concentration in fifth week 2761.5 mg/dl was highly significant differences when comparison with others level values 1448.1 mg/dl , 1847.8 mg/dl in and 2097.7 mg/dl of other weeks 1st, 2nd and 3rd week’s immunization respectively, while showed no significant differences in immunoglobulin- G concentration with fourth inoculation sheep 2703.3 mg/dl. In this study observes that the increasm...
Identification of Sarcocystis Species “Macrocystis" by Visual and Molecular Technique in Sheep and Goats -Sulaymaniyah Slaughterhouse. التعرف على أنواع السارکوسيست”Macrocystis” بالطريقة المرئية والجزيئية في الأغنام والماعز في مجزرة السليمانية
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 2021
Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2012
This study was carried out for the period from the beginning March 2009 till end of February 2010... more This study was carried out for the period from the beginning March 2009 till end of February 2010 in three zones I, II, and III (Mountainous, Semi-mountainous and foothills and plane) regions, respectively in Sulaimani governorate for distribution of ticks (Ixodidae) that infested sheep. The prevalence rate of infested sheep in all zones was 298 (11.8%) in Sulaimani governorate, and the prevalence rate of infestation in zone-I was 85 (10.1%), in zone-II 94 (11.1%), and in zone-III 119 (14.3%). The rate of infestation was high in March, April, May and July in all zones; no infestation was observed in zone-I and zone-II in November to February, but was observed in zone-III. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, H. marginatum, Rhipicephalus turanicus and R. sanguineus were found and identified, two species were more predominant among sheep H. a. anatolicum in zone-III (Garmian region) 353 (70.0%) and R. turanicus in zone-I (Pishder region) 177 (59.4%), and H. a.
This study was aimed to determination relationship between zinc levels concentration in the blood... more This study was aimed to determination relationship between zinc levels concentration in the blood serum (PCV, Haemoglobin concentration, differential count of WBC, total protein/dl, albumin g/dl and globulin g/dl) of twenty local breed (Karadi) grazing on pasture plants through April to July month of 2012 in Sulaimani province. Ten sheep were naturally infested with number of 16.9±3.6 hard tick (Ixodidae) and suffered from emaciation, alopecia and hyperkeratosis. The blood picture was estimated and their values were also significant lower P<0.05 in total erythrocyte count 7.8±0.8×10 6 c/mm 3 , Hemoglobin concentration 7.3±1.1 g/dl, Packed cell volume 28.5%±2.5 in infested naturally sheep when compared with control in 9.5±0.7×10 6 c/mm 3 , 9.92±1.1g/dl and 33.6%±3.6 respectively, and no statistically significant difference in mean corpuscular volume 37.4±5.5 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 10±1.2 pg and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 27.2±4.1g/dl in infested sheep when ...
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 2012
A study was carried out on Ovine Anaplasmosis in the Sulaimani province of Iraq from September to... more A study was carried out on Ovine Anaplasmosis in the Sulaimani province of Iraq from September to December2007. Five hundred thin blood smears were prepared form Peripheral blood of sheep in 10 different localities and stained by Giemsa. The prevalence of Anaplasma Ovis was 24 (4.8%) and the rate was highest 8.8% was among animals above 3 years. The infected animal showed mild fever, hyperpnoea and tachycardia. Hematological values of the infected sheep was as follows: Packed cell volume 22 ± 4.75 % , erythrocyte count 6.42 ± 1.35 ×10 6 / µl , hemoglobin concentration 6.95 ± 1.28 g/dl , mean corpuscular volume 35.5 ± 5.85/ fl , mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration 11..04 ± 2.42/ pg, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31.62 ± 6.62 g/dl and WBCs 11.15 ± 2.18× 10³ /µl , serum protein value 5.875 ± 0.801 mg/dl, serum calcium 8.341± 1.029 mg/dl, conjugate serum bilirubin 0.85 ± 0.314 mg/dl and serum cholesterol 57.291 ± 6.153 mg/dl.
Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 2018
In this study, local black goats (capra hircus) were examined for detection of lice and ticks. A ... more In this study, local black goats (capra hircus) were examined for detection of lice and ticks. A total of 100 goats (50 infested goats with an ectoparasite and 50 non-infested goats) insert to analysis. Three species of ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguinus, R. turanicus and R. bursa) and one species of lice (Bovicola caprae) were observed. Blood samples of 100 goats were analyzed to determine some blood parameters (total serum protein, zinc and copper). This study shows decrease of albumin (4.12 µg/dl), zinc (48.97 µg/dl) and copper (114.15 µg/dl) with highly significance differences (p≤0.01) and increase of globulin (3.04 µg/dl) and decrease of serum protein (7.12 µg/dl) but not significantly in the infested goat compare to the non infested goat, and it is observed that mixed infestation are more effects on goat than only tick or lice’s infestation and led to decrease of serum protein, albumin, zinc and increase of globulin but not significantly, while declining in copper significantly (...
International journal of health sciences
This study was conducted in different region in Sulaimani province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, from A... more This study was conducted in different region in Sulaimani province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, from August 2021 to April 2022. Isolated randomly, 527 (3.4%) out of 15360 sheep examined had myiasis, identified three genus and sex species of flies in all locations based on morphological characteristics. Chrysomya Bezziana is found in all regions instead of Qardagh and Sharbazher, Lucilia Sericata, Calliphora Vomitoria, and Calliphora vicina were found in all regions. The prevalence rate of myiasis was found in Dukan region at 5.5% (95/1715) and the lowest rate was revealed in the Garmiyan region 2.6% (81/3160). During the seasonal distribution, the highest rate of myiasis was found in Spring (4.8%), followed by (3.8%) in the Summer and (3.4%) in the Autumn, while shows the lowest distribution in Winter (0.8%). In this study, to accurately detect flies, fresh meat was placed in several areas, observed the heavy flies landing spring season.
Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2019
The study was carried out through the clinical examination on the skins of sheep and goats to ide... more The study was carried out through the clinical examination on the skins of sheep and goats to identify the quality and processed in the tanneries. Parasitic skin diseases caused by ectoparasites such as mange mites, lice, and ticks are among these threats resulting in a serious economic loss to the tanning industry and the country as a whole. Out of 38066 sheep and 9889 goats examined in Sulaimani slaughterhouse in spring season 2017, shows statistically significant P<0.05 between sheep and goats prevalence; 9.35% and 7.43% respectively with one or more ectoparasites. Three different of ectoparasites were infested in both sheep and goats namely; hard tick, lice and mite. Five species of hard tick (Ixodidae) were identified in sheep and goats as follows; Boophilus spp 3.68% and 14.16%, Rhipicephalus sanguineous 12.47% and 28.63%, Rhipicephalus turanicus 7.50% and 15.96%, Hyalomma a. anatolicum 11.90% and 31.30%, Hyalomma marginatum 9.26% and 9.95%) respectively. Two species of lice were identified in sheep namely, Damalinia ovis 17.74% and Linognathus stenopsis 13.63%, and D. caprae 10.97% and L. stenopsis 6.22% on goats. Highly infested were identified with mite on sheep include Psarcoptic scabiei 13.83% and Psoroptic ovies 9.98%, while only one species founded in this study in goats namely, Psarcoptic scabiei 22.79%. The overall number of skins refused to tanning industry 164 (4.61%) in sheep and 116 (15.78%) in goat. The difference in the prevalence of skin disease infestation between refused skin in both sheep and goats were statistically significant in ruminants (P<0.05). This paper deals with major skin defects in occurrence by ectoparasites sheep and goats in Sulaimani province.
ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 2016
This study was conducted in Sulaimani governorate in order to identify the biological control of ... more This study was conducted in Sulaimani governorate in order to identify the biological control of some Ixodidae genera among different flocks of cattle, sheep and goats. Four genera of Ixodidae; Boophilus spp, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp., were identified in these infested animals. According to chi-square test, the highest distribution of Boophulis spp., was recorded in cattle (56.51%), and the highest distribution of Hyalomma spp., (49.82%) and Rhipicephalus spp., (28.16%) which were in sheep. The highest number of Haemophasylas spp., was obtained from goats (6.67%), whereas the lowest number of this genus (2.88% and 2.89%) was collected from cattle and sheep respectively. The toxicity of Sorghum bicolor seed extract was tested against the more distributed Ixodidae genera (Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp.) by immersion method on mature ticks, four concentrations (23.2, 17.4, 11.6 and 5.8 mg/dl), in addition to the control treatment (0 mg/dl) of the seed were used to evaluate the engorged females in vitro. The results showed that 100% of absolute cumulative mortality of Boophilus spp., was gain after 72 hr by 23.2 mg/dl extract concentration, followed by 17.4 mg/dl which gave 90% mortality, whereas 100% absolute cumulative mortality for Hyalomma spp., was obtained by 23.2 mg/dl extract concentration after 48 hr, followed by 17.4, 11.6 and 5.8 mg/dl concentration that gave 90%, 80% and 40% mortality after 72 hr.
Pathogenicity of Boophilus Species Hard Tick among Engorged Female in Naturally Infested Cattle with Ixodidae Piroplasmosis in Sulaimani Province-Kurdistan Region/ Iraq
Isolated one hundred fifty adult female cattle (local breed) one hundred infested with a hard tic... more Isolated one hundred fifty adult female cattle (local breed) one hundred infested with a hard tick (Ixodidae) and show some clinical signs for a search of theileriosis such as; enlargement pre-scapular lymph node and pale of the eye mucus membrane, fifty of them use a control (Non infested cattle) during the period of April to November 2018 in Sulaimani province. Indicated the highest sensitivity (prevalence) of Theileria annulata when examined by ELISA technique 63% (63/100), the prevalence rate of macroscopically detection to T. annulata merozoite was 48% as the following, in mixed lymph node biopsy cells and blood smears technique was 22%, the blood and lymph node biopsy smear examinations were 15% and 11% respectively. Distinguished the total prevalence rate in control cattle was 6% and 4% in the ELISA technique and microscopically method respectively. Sensitivity values and positive predictive noted a highly in ELISA serolog-ical test 63% and 95.45% respectively, while in mixed...
International Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Keywords: Immunization, rabbits, Hyaloma ticks. The present study was conducted in Sulaimaniya Ir... more Keywords: Immunization, rabbits, Hyaloma ticks. The present study was conducted in Sulaimaniya Iraq. Unfed larval stage of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks were used for preparation of antigen for local breed rabbits. Each rabbit was inoculated with 0.1 ml (6.8 mg/ ml) in three successive doses at weekly interval. Following immunization rabbits developed significant level of protective immunity to infestation of ticks. There was significant increase in WBC, monocytes and neutrophils, while decrease in lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils. There was increase in phagocytic index in immunized rabbits than controls. There was significant increase in skin fold thickness after 2 hours reaching maximum after 24 hours. The level of total serum protein, albumin and globulin were elevated in immunized rabbits. The immunoglobulin G level was higher in immunized rabbits than controls.In post immunized rabbits congestion, papules and oedema in the site of the infestation. In preimmunized rabbits there was high number of engorged larvae still sucking blood. It is concluded that the larval extract of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum showed significant protection against tick challenge in immunized rabbits..
A study carried out for assessment of acaricide for control and how to show resistance of hard ti... more A study carried out for assessment of acaricide for control and how to show resistance of hard tick (Ixodidae) with some types of acaricide which available in Sulaimani marked from February to April 2012, isolated 80 cattle (local breed) naturally infested with hard tick. Six hundred and fifteen ticks min7 tick/cattle including three genera species were collected and identified, the highest Boophilus spp. followed by Hyalomma spp., and Rhipicephalus spp. were less frequent species collected. Experimental cattle divided into four groups each group content 20 cattle, treatment with four types acaricide and their average of infestation in cattle with Boophilus spp. 33 (41.25%) as the commonest, followed by Hyalomma spp. 31 (75.38%), Rhipicephalus spp. 11 (13.75%) and 5 (6.25%) found mixed infested with Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp. 65 (81.3%) of cattle samples had emaciation and skin lesions. According to site of infestation, it showed that inguinal region was the most common predilection site for the ticks. Observed the genera Boophilus spp., there were highly significant differences (12.52%) between different tick species when calculated by general test (LSD). The objective of this study was to estimate and compare these acaricide to control hard tick, and there was highly significant relation between different species of hard ticks when treated by these acaricide, according to the chi-square tests. The activities of the acaricide through the time of application were different on the tick genera species. Diazinon (60%) and carbamate (saven 85%) has been a greater degree than other acaricide resistance, while shows the activity of both acaricide injectable ivermactin and cypromethrein through the early time on all species. The results of the study otherwise provide encouraging possibilities for the potential use recommended dose with both acaricide ivermactin-1% and cypromethrine-10%.
A study was carried out in June, 2012 to July, 2013 in sulaimani abattoir in Qaragol-sulaimani go... more A study was carried out in June, 2012 to July, 2013 in sulaimani abattoir in Qaragol-sulaimani governorate, the total number of slaughtered ruminants were 206647, with 12535 had the hydatid cyst infection during one year, The overall prevalence was 6.07% whereas, the highest prevalence of hydatid cyst was seen in cattle 14.71% followed by sheep 5.04% and goat 4.50%. The distributions of hydatid cyst in different visceral organ in all animals was observed 59.64% in liver, followed by mixed liver and lungs infected 20.57%, 15.80% in lung, 3.07 in kidney, 0.76 % in Abdominal cavity and 0.16% in heart, and still the infections of cattle on liver organs predominated which compared to sheep and goats. According to Chisequare test observed the highly significant between inflectional rates of hydatid cyst in different slaughtered ruminants and seasonal variation during the study. In spring seasons shows the highest levels of infection were recorded 10.03% in overall the types of ruminants whereas, a highest significantly infection shows in cattle 23.12%, followed by goat 9.84% and in sheep 8.10%, while the lowest infection observed in autumn seasons 2.86% whereas, in cattle 5.52, followed in goat 2.91% and in sheep 2.52%, and the highest number of ruminants slaughtered during the year, observed in sheep. In this study observed the female number slaughtered of all types were dominantly infected 65.27% when compared to the male 34.73%, while shows the female of cattle predominated of other types of ruminants. The fertility percentage of the hydatid cysts was higher in cattle 38%, but a lowest percentage diagnosed in sheep 10%. Detection the number of cyst (Min 1 to Max 8) in some organ reach to 8 cysts especially in liver, followed the lung 3 cyst and the least in heart 1 cyst. Further than shown the calcify cyst in some organ. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis in ruminants slaughtered in Qaragol abattoir-Sulaimani center and comparism with their gender, season and different organs infection.
Bahzad Hama Salih Mustafa, 2019
The study was carried out through the clinical examination on the skins of sheep and goats to ide... more The study was carried out through the clinical examination on the skins of sheep and goats to identify the quality and processed in the tanneries. Parasitic skin diseases caused by ectoparasites such as mange mites, lice, and ticks are among these threats resulting in a serious economic loss to the tanning industry and the country as a whole. Out of 38066 sheep and 9889 goats examined in Sulaimani slaughterhouse in spring season 2017, shows statistically significant P<0.05 between sheep and goats prevalence; 9.35% and 7.43% respectively with one or more ectoparasites. Three different of ectoparasites were infested in both sheep and goats namely; hard tick, lice and mite. Five species of hard tick (Ixodidae) were identified in sheep and goats as follows; Boophilus spp 3.68% and 14.16%, Rhipicephalus sanguineous 12.47% and 28.63%, Rhipicephalus turanicus 7.50% and 15.96%, Hyalomma a. anatolicum 11.90% and 31.30%, Hyalomma marginatum 9.26% and 9.95%) respectively. Two species of lice were identified in sheep namely, Damalinia ovis 17.74% and Linognathus stenopsis 13.63%, and D. caprae 10.97% and L. stenopsis 6.22% on goats. Highly infested were identified with mite on sheep include Psarcoptic scabiei 13.83% and Psoroptic ovies 9.98%, while only one species founded in this study in goats namely, Psarcoptic scabiei 22.79%. The overall number of skins refused to tanning industry 164 (4.61%) in sheep and 116 (15.78%) in goat. The difference in the prevalence of skin disease infestation between refused skin in both sheep and goats were statistically significant in ruminants (P<0.05). This paper deals with major skin defects in occurrence by ectoparasites sheep and goats in Sulaimani province.
ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, 2016
Abstract-This study was conducted in Sulaimani governorate in order to identify the biological ... more Abstract-This study was conducted in Sulaimani governorate in order to identify the biological control of some Ixodidae genera among different flocks of cattle, sheep and goats. Four genera of Ixodidae; Boophilus spp, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp., were identified in these infested animals. According to chi-square test, the highest distribution of Boophulis spp., was recorded in cattle (56.51%), and the highest distribution of Hyalomma spp., (49.82%) and Rhipicephalus spp., (28.16%) which were in sheep. The highest number of Haemophasylas spp., was obtained from goats (6.67%), whereas the lowest number of this genus (2.88% and 2.89%) was collected from cattle and sheep respectively. The toxicity of Sorghum bicolor seed extract was tested against the more distributed Ixodidae genera (Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp.) by immersion method on mature ticks, four concentrations (23.2, 17.4, 11.6 and 5.8 mg/dl), in addition to the control treatment (0 mg/dl) of the seed were used to evaluate the engorged females in vitro. The results showed that 100% of absolute cumulative mortality of Boophilus spp., was gain after 72 hr by 23.2 mg/dl extract concentration, followed by 17.4 mg/dl which gave 90% mortality, whereas 100% absolute cumulative mortality for Hyalomma spp., was obtained by 23.2 mg/dl extract concentration after 48 hr, followed by 17.4, 11.6 and 5.8 mg/dl concentration that gave 90%, 80% and 40% mortality after 72 hr. Index Terms-Boophilus spp., Hyalomma spp., Sorghum bicolor seed extract
Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR) , 2018
In this study isolated 100 adult female of
local black goat (Capra hircus) examined in spring and... more In this study isolated 100 adult female of
local black goat (Capra hircus) examined in spring and
fall season for Tick and Lice investigations, then
divided into two groups: 50 infested goats with
ectoparasite and 50 non-infested goats. Three species
of ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguinus, R. turanicus and R.
bursa) and one species of lice (Bovicola caprae) were
observed. Biochemical values (serum proteins and
some trace elements) analyzed, in infested goats
emerges decline in serum protein value 7.12±0.08
µg/dl, albumin value 4.12±0.03 µg/dl and increase of
globulin value 3.04±0.09 µg/dl, in serum protein and
globulin values shows not significance differences,
while described highly significance differences in
albumin value at p≤0.01, when compare to control
goats. In trace elements decline of zinc level 48.97±1.20
µg/dl and copper level 114.15±3.75 µg/dl levels with a
highly significant differences at p≤0.01 in infested
goats when compare to control goats. It is observed that
mixed infestation has much effects than tick or lice
infestation on goats, which led to reduction in serum
protein value 6.89±0.20 µg/dl, albumin value 4.11±0.09
µg/dl and raise in globulin value 3.10±0.11 µg/dl
without any significance differences, also noticed
insignificant declines in zinc level 45.67±2.40 µg/dl,
while decrease in copper level 99.33±9.86 µg/dl
significantly at p≤0.05.
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Papers by Bahzad H S Mustafa
local black goat (Capra hircus) examined in spring and
fall season for Tick and Lice investigations, then
divided into two groups: 50 infested goats with
ectoparasite and 50 non-infested goats. Three species
of ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguinus, R. turanicus and R.
bursa) and one species of lice (Bovicola caprae) were
observed. Biochemical values (serum proteins and
some trace elements) analyzed, in infested goats
emerges decline in serum protein value 7.12±0.08
µg/dl, albumin value 4.12±0.03 µg/dl and increase of
globulin value 3.04±0.09 µg/dl, in serum protein and
globulin values shows not significance differences,
while described highly significance differences in
albumin value at p≤0.01, when compare to control
goats. In trace elements decline of zinc level 48.97±1.20
µg/dl and copper level 114.15±3.75 µg/dl levels with a
highly significant differences at p≤0.01 in infested
goats when compare to control goats. It is observed that
mixed infestation has much effects than tick or lice
infestation on goats, which led to reduction in serum
protein value 6.89±0.20 µg/dl, albumin value 4.11±0.09
µg/dl and raise in globulin value 3.10±0.11 µg/dl
without any significance differences, also noticed
insignificant declines in zinc level 45.67±2.40 µg/dl,
while decrease in copper level 99.33±9.86 µg/dl
significantly at p≤0.05.