Papers by Hector M . Guzman
Pacifigorgia adamsii
<i>Pacifigorgia adamsii</i> (Verrill, 1868) (Plate 2, Fig. 1) <i>Litigorgia ada... more <i>Pacifigorgia adamsii</i> (Verrill, 1868) (Plate 2, Fig. 1) <i>Litigorgia adamsii</i> Verrill 1868b: 422 (partial). For complete synonymy Breedy and Guzman 2002: 793
Heterogorgia hickmani Breedy & Guzman 2005
<i>Heterogorgia hickmani</i> Breedy &amp; Guzman, 2005 (Figs. 1 A–B, 2, 3) <i&... more <i>Heterogorgia hickmani</i> Breedy &amp; Guzman, 2005 (Figs. 1 A–B, 2, 3) <i>Heterogorgia hickmani</i> Breedy &amp; Guzman, 2005: 803 –806; Castro <i>et al.</i> 2010: 779. <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: CDRS 03– 95, ethanol preserved, La Botella, Floreana Island, Galápagos Islands, 7.5 m, C. Hickman, 19 January 2003. Paratypes: CDRS 03– 699, ethanol preserved, Pinzón Island, Galápagos Islands, 7.5 m, C. Hickman, 18 November 2003; CDRS Ang 156, four fragments, ethanol preserved, La Botella, 6 m, A. Chiriboga, 25 May 2004; CDRS Ang 139, fragment, ethanol preserved, La Botella, 11 m, A. Chiriboga, 8 February 2004. <b>Other material.</b> ECUADOR: IIN 50, 78, dry, Gigima, Reserva de Producción Faunística Marino Costera Puntilla de Santa Elena, 12–14 m, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy, 22 July 2010; IIN 122, dry, Los Ahorcados Islet, Provincia de Manabí, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy, 10–12 m, 25 July 2010; GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS: CDRS Ang. 122, ethanol preserved, Gordons Rock, 24 m, A. Chiriboga, 23 January 2004; CDRS 04- 167, ethanol preserved, Los Cañones, Isabela, 11 m, A. Chiriboga, 9 October 2004; CDRS 04- 317, ethanol preserved, Caleta Negra, 15 m, A. Chiriboga, 30 November 2004; CDRS CDRS 04- 326, ethanol preserved, Las Marielas, 3 m, A. Chiriboga, 2 December 2004; CDRS 04- 359, ethanol preserved, La Botella, 15 m, A. Chiriboga, 4 December 2004; CDRS 04- 367, ethanol preserved, Kicker Rock, San Cristóbal, 15 m,A. Chiriboga, 5 December 2004; CDRS 04- 370, ethanol preserved, Five fingers, San Cristóbal, 15 m, A. Chiriboga, 5 December 2004; CDRS 04- 380, ethanol preserved, Santa Fe, 24 m, A. Chiriboga, 6 December 2004; CDRS 07- 101-102, ethanol preserved, Don Ferdi, Brainbridge Rocks, 24–26 m, O. Breedy, 9 March 2007; CDRS 07- 114, ethanol preserved, Gordons Rock, 24 m, O. Breedy, 10 March 2007; CDRS 07- 124, ethanol preserved, San Cristóbal, 15 m, C.P. Hickman, 11 March 2007; CDRS 07- 193, ethanol preserved, Pinzón, 15 m O. Breedy, 2 March 2007. <b>Description.</b> Colonies are co [...]
Figure 6 In A Revision Of The Genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
FIGURE 6. Eugorgia aurantiaca (YPM 2269), coenenchymal sclerites.
Molecular phylogeny and DNA barcoding of tropical eastern Pacific shallow-water gorgonian octocorals
Marine Biology, 2014
The octocoral fauna inhabiting the shallow waters (<50 m) of the eastern Pacific has been the ... more The octocoral fauna inhabiting the shallow waters (<50 m) of the eastern Pacific has been the subject of renewed interest, and the taxonomy of the most important genera in the region has been reviewed and clarified. Many new species have been described, significantly increasing the known biological diversity of the region. Despite their importance as potential sister-groups of Caribbean octocorals, the phylogenetic relationships of eastern Pacific octocorals remain poorly studied. Here, using partial mitochondrial MutS and igr1-COI sequences, we provide a phylogenetic assessment of a broad sample of eastern Pacific shallow-water octocorals and investigate their phylogenetic relationships with Caribbean gorgonians. We corroborate the monophyly of Pacifigorgia, Leptogorgia and Eugorgia and provide evidence of a close relationship between Swiftia and Psammogorgia, currently placed in Plexauridae. In addition, the phylogenies obtained here provide insights into the historical biogeography and phylogenetic diversity of the eastern Pacific octocoral assemblages and on character evolution among this diverse faunal assemblage. Finally, we evaluate the classification power of DNA barcoding for identifying species of shallow-water eastern Pacific octocorals and assess the use of a nuclear intron (SRP54) to supplement traditional mitochondrial barcodes in this group of organisms.
Animals, 2024
The Galapagos Marine Reserve supports cetaceans such as blue whales by providing essential foragi... more The Galapagos Marine Reserve supports cetaceans such as blue whales by providing essential foraging areas and resting areas. From 2021 to 2023, a study utilized satellite tags on 16 blue whales to monitor their movements and gain insights into their interactions with the marine environment. This involved the identification of their feeding grounds, indicated by chlorophyll levels, surface water temperature (SST), and ocean productivity. The study revealed that blue whales prefer areas with presumed increased prey abundance, cooler water temperatures, and specific underwater features such as ridges that likely enhance favored food sources. Most of the tagged whales remained in the Galapagos, particularly near Isabela Island, where there is an elevated risk of collisions with boats due to increased marine traffic. Some whales ventured into Ecuador's waters, and one even traveled to Peru. In 2023, an intense El Niño event led to changes in water temperatures and food availability, significantly impacting whale habitats. This research contributes to efforts to protect whales from ship collisions and understand and adapt to changes in their migration patterns due to climate variations.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, Feb 8, 2018
Octocorals are the main foundation species in rocky-wall marine communities in the Tropical Easte... more Octocorals are the main foundation species in rocky-wall marine communities in the Tropical Eastern Pacific; however, we have only a poor understanding of how stable these communities are. This study is the first attempt to quantify complex stability properties, such as turnover and recovery time for octocoral species. We use a Markov Chain model with transition probabilities estimated from the field and compare 2 oceanographically distinct gulfs within the same latitude in Pacific Panama: the Gulf of Panama (GP) and the Gulf of Chiriqui (GC). The model was parameterized by monitoring 4 fixed plots (1 m 2 ) at 8 sites from June 2014 to January 2016. The state (occupation) of each point (location) occupied by the holdfast of an octocoral colony was recorded during each survey. Thirteen octocoral species were monitored over 989 points. Octocoral dynamics in GC, where communities were more species-rich, were 3 times more stable than communities in GP, with an estimated turnover time of 4.8 yr in GC and 1.5 yr in GP. However, communities in the GC took 1.6 times longer to recover after disturbance, with an estimated species-specific recurrence time of 34 yr in GC and 21 yr in GP, possibly due to strong competition for space with other sessile organisms. In modeled communities, the effect of diversity loss was low at the gulf and study region, but increased significantly at the reef scale, especially in speciespoor sites. Additional studies on environmental factors driving stability are needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind our results.
Scientific Reports
Geographic variation in the vocal behavior of manatees has been reported but is largely unexplore... more Geographic variation in the vocal behavior of manatees has been reported but is largely unexplored. Vocalizations of wild West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) were recorded with hydrophones in Florida from Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and in Belize and Panama from Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) to determine if calls varied between subspecies and geographic regions. Calls were visually classified into five categories: squeaks, high squeaks, squeals, squeak-squeals, and chirps. From these five categories, only three call types (squeaks, high squeaks and squeals) were observed in all three populations. Six parameters from the temporal and frequency domains were measured from the fundamental frequency of 2878 manatee vocalizations. A repeated measures PERMANOVA found significant differences for squeaks and high squeaks between each geographic location and for squeals between Belize and Florida. Almost all measured frequency and temporal parame...
FIGURE 7 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
FIGURE 7. Pacifigorgia irene Bayer (UCR 927), SEMmicrographs of the sclerites: AB, spindles; C,... more FIGURE 7. Pacifigorgia irene Bayer (UCR 927), SEMmicrographs of the sclerites: AB, spindles; C, immature sclerite; D, capstans; E, fourradiate; F, spindly capstans; G, anthocodial rods.
PLATE 14 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
PLATE 14. Pacifigorgia tupperi new species, holotype (UCR 920) (dry specimen); A, entire colony; ... more PLATE 14. Pacifigorgia tupperi new species, holotype (UCR 920) (dry specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail of the branches; C, photomicrograph of the sclerites.
Pacifigorgia flavimaculata Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
<i>Pacifigorgia flavimaculata</i>, new species (Plate 7, Fig. 6)
PLATE 9 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
PLATE 9. Pacifigorgia lacerata new species, holotype (UCR 921) (preserved specimen); A, entire co... more PLATE 9. Pacifigorgia lacerata new species, holotype (UCR 921) (preserved specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail of the branches; C, photomicrograph of the sclerites.
PLATE 8 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
PLATE 8. Pacifigorgia irene Bayer (UCR 927) (dry specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail of the br... more PLATE 8. Pacifigorgia irene Bayer (UCR 927) (dry specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail of the branches; C, photomicrograph of the sclerites.
PLATE 5 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
PLATE 5. Pacifigorgia eximia Verrill (UCR 926) (preserved specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail ... more PLATE 5. Pacifigorgia eximia Verrill (UCR 926) (preserved specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail of the branches; C, photomicrograph of the sclerites.
Pacifigorgia Bayer 1951
<i>Pacifigorgia</i> Bayer, 1951 <b>Synonymy.</b> See Breedy and Guzman 20... more <i>Pacifigorgia</i> Bayer, 1951 <b>Synonymy.</b> See Breedy and Guzman 2002: 791. <b>Diagnosis.</b> Adapted from Bayer (1951: 94): Colony flabellate branched in one or several perpendicular planes. Branches regularly anastomosed to form a network of variable sized mesh. Polyps retractile within low calyces or flush with the surface of the coenenchyme. Coenenchymal sclerites basically of 4 kinds: long spindles with acute ends and several whorls of warts; blunt spindles, long or short with several whorls of warts; and girdled capstans with different levels of complexity. Anthocodial sclerites are flattened rods with smooth, scalloped, serrated or lobed margins. <b>Distribution.</b> From Bayer (1951): Eastern Pacific, from southern California to Chile and the Galápagos Islands; Atlantic coast from Trinidad to Brazil.
FIGURE 2 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia cairnsi new species, holotype (UCR 913), SEMmicrographs of the sclerites:... more FIGURE 2. Pacifigorgia cairnsi new species, holotype (UCR 913), SEMmicrographs of the sclerites: A–C, spindles; D, rectangular warty rod; E, sixradiate; F, capstans; G, anthocodial rods; H, immature sclerite; I, spindly capstans.
PLATE 2 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
PLATE 2. Pacifigorgia adamsii Verrill (UCR 924) (preserved specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail... more PLATE 2. Pacifigorgia adamsii Verrill (UCR 924) (preserved specimen); A, entire colony; B, detail of the branches; C, photomicrograph of the sclerites.
FIGURE 3 in Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)
FIGURE 3. Pacifigorgia curta new species, holotype (UCR 650), SEMmicrographs of the sclerites: A... more FIGURE 3. Pacifigorgia curta new species, holotype (UCR 650), SEMmicrographs of the sclerites: A, D, spindles; B–C, capstans; E, anthocodial rods; F, immature sclerite; G, fourradiate.
Pacifigorgia bayeri Breedy 2001
<i>Pacifigorgia bayeri</i> Breedy, 2001 <i>Pacifigorgia bayeri</i> Breedy... more <i>Pacifigorgia bayeri</i> Breedy, 2001 <i>Pacifigorgia bayeri</i> Breedy 2001: 182–186.
Pacifigorgia curta Breedy & Guzman 2003, new species
<i>Pacifigorgia curta</i>, new species (Plate 4, Fig. 3)
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Papers by Hector M . Guzman