Electrical and Electronic Engineering

This paper presents the design of VSI based STATCOM for eliminating harmonic currents due to non linear load and to compensate the reactive power in grid connected system. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is increasingly popular in power quality application. This VSI draw or supply a compensating current from the utility such that it cancels current harmonics on the AC side. STATCOM generates a current wave such that it compensate by cancelling out the non-linear current waveform generated by load. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear non linear loads.

This paper presents an Upgraded Binary Grey Wolf Optimization(UBGWO) for optimal deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in power system to obtain complete system observability. The cost increases with increase in allocation of PMUs at every bus, therefore PMUs should be allocated in optimal way so that complete system observability is obtained. The Redundancy of Bus Index (RBI) at every bus is considered to assess performance of every bus connected to the system. Complete System Observability Index (CSOI) is proposed to evaluate the complete performance of the proposed strategy to optimize PMU locations. The proposed UBGWO is programmed in MATLAB software and examined with IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus networks to obtain complete system observability with optimal allocations. To validate the proposed method, the results are compared with standard methods.

Abstract: This paper proposes a new FACTS device, i.e., Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to relieve power congestion on power grid network. A simple model of a three phase AC-network of 500/230kV, 5-bus network with two transformers and two power generation plants (1000MW, 500MW) is designed. UPFC is designed with IGBT converters connected in shunt-series and both interconnected with DC bus and connected to AC side with transformer and coupling reactors. A contingency case is considered such that two transformers are considered instead of three transformers. The power flow of an UPFC installed at Bus-3 in 5-bus system is analyzed to show how the congestion of power on the grid is relieved through it. A bypass circuit breaker is installed at Bus-3 in the circuit to show the natural power flow without UPFC and power flow after installation of UPFC. The topology of series converter build in UPFC can introduce maximum of 10% of line-ground voltage in series. The simulation network of the 5-bus transmission network with UPFC connected at Bus-3 is designed with MATLAB/SIMULATION Software to estimate the power flow with UPFC connected.

This paper presents a Generalized Binary Integer Linear Programming (GBILP) method for optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and to generate Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) solution with complete observability. The GBILP method is formulated with Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) constraints to reduce the number of locations for placement of PMUs in the case of normal and single line contingency. The integration of PMU and conventional measurements is modeled in DSE process to estimate accurate states of the system. To estimate the dynamic behavior of the power system with proposed method, load change up to 40% considered at a bus in the power system network. The proposed DSE method is compared with traditional Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation method in presence of load changes to show the impact of PMU measurements. MATLAB simulations are carried out on IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus systems to prove the validity of the proposed approach.

In this paper, a sensitive constrained integer linear programming approach is formulated for the optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in a power system network to obtain state estimation. In this approach, sensitive buses along with zero injection buses (ZIB) are considered for optimal allocation of PMUs in the network to generate state estimation solutions. Sensitive buses are evolved from the mean of bus voltages subjected to increase of load consistently up to 50%. Sensitive buses are ranked in order to place PMUs. Sensitive constrained optimal PMU allocation in case of single line and no line contingency are considered in observability analysis to ensure protection and control of power system from abnormal conditions. Modeling of ZIB constraints is included to minimize the number of PMU network allocations. This paper presents optimal allocation of PMU at sensitive buses with zero injection modeling, considering cost criteria and redundancy to increase the accuracy of state estimation solution without losing observability of the whole system. Simulations are carried out on IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus systems and results obtained are compared with traditional and other state estimation methods available in the literature, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Objectives: This paper presents a critical bus constrained optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) modeling for complete observability of the system. Identification of critical or weak buses with more branches incident on it are considered to determine accurate states of the system. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Allocation of PMUs at every bus in a network is infeasible, which leads to excessive cost. So to minimize number of PMUs and to locate them at critical buses in priority, a new critical bus constrained binary integer programming (BIP) method is proposed. ZIB constraints are modeled to further minimize the PMUs.
Findings: Optimal allocation of PMUs in case of single line outage is considered with ZIB modeling. Critical buses with ZIB modeling and without ZIB modeling are compared to show the importance of ZIB modeling.
Application/Improvements: MATLAB simulations carried out on IEEE 14-, 24-, 30- and 57-bus test systems and results are compared and presented.

In this paper, a Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) method with optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) is formulated to identify bad data in the power system. A Generalized Normal Residual (GNR) method is proposed to detect and identify bad data with optimal PMU and conventional measurements. Apart from all other methods proposed to identify bad data in the system, a novel index to compute a threshold value for each type of measurement is proposed. The index proposed depends on a number of measurements and normalized residuals computed which exactly determines the bad data bus. The measured data formulated with the integration of optimal PMU measurements and conventional measurements are utilized in dynamic state estimation method to measure accurate states and identify measurement errors of the system. Binary Integer Linear Programming (BILP) method modeled with zero injection buses is utilized for optimal allocation of PMUs in the power system. Dynamic State Estimation with and without bad data is compared to show its effectiveness in estimating states of the system. MATLAB Simulations on IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 buses are carried out by BILP method to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) at all the buses in a network leads to high economic cost which is not feasible. So in order to increase redundancy and obtain complete observability, PMUs must be allocated at optimal places in the network with minimum cost. In this paper, a Pattern Search Algorithm (PSA) is proposed to minimize and optimally allocate PMUs considering nonlinear sensitive constraints of buses. Sensitive buses are generated by formulating Voltage Stability Index (VSI) considering mean of voltages obtained from load flows with increasing loads. Modeling of nonlinear constraints integrated with Zero Injection (ZI) buses is considered to further minimize the number of PMUs with and without presence of zero injection buses. The redundancy at each bus is measured with Bus Observability Index (BOI)
to show the importance of PMUs allocation at sensitive buses. The proposed method is programmed in MATLAB and applied on IEEE 14, 24, 30 and 57 bus systems. The results obtained are analyzed and compared with other methods available in literature to show effectiveness of proposed method.

This paper presents an Upgraded Binary Bat Algorithm (UBBA) approach for optimal allocation of Phasor Measuring Units (PMUs) in power system network with complete observability. In power system grid network, allocations of Phasor Measuring Units (PMUs) at buses differ in cost on the grounds that the number of branches associated with every bus of the network varies. The weight of all the branches considered in the optimization process to assess the cost for allocation of PMUs. The Bus Redundancy Index (BRI) at each bus is taken in to consideration to estimate the performance of complete observability of the network. UBBA developed in such ways that complete observability of system is obtained with a minimum cost. The proposed UBBA is programmed in MATLAB and simulated on IEEE 14-, 24-, 30-, and 57 - bus systems to obtain optimal allocation of PMUs. In order to describe the advantage of proposed method, its simulation results are analyzed and compared with different strategies available in the literature.

In this paper, a sensitive constrained integer linear programming approach is formulated for the optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in a power system network to obtain state estimation. In this approach, sensitive buses along with zero injection buses (ZIB) are considered for optimal allocation of PMUs in the network to generate state estimation solutions. Sensitive buses are evolved from the mean of bus voltages subjected to increase of load consistently up to 50%. Sensitive buses are ranked in order to place PMUs. Sensitive constrained optimal PMU allocation in case of single line and no line contingency are considered in observability analysis to ensure protection and control of power system from abnormal conditions. Modeling of ZIB constraints is included to minimize the number of PMU network allocations. This paper presents optimal allocation of PMU at sensitive buses with zero injection modeling, considering cost criteria and redundancy to increase the accur...

Allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) at all the buses in a network leads to high economic cost which is not feasible. So in order to increase redundancy and obtain complete observability, PMUs must be allocated at optimal places in the network with minimum cost. In this paper, a Pattern Search Algorithm (PSA) is proposed to minimize and optimally allocate PMUs considering nonlinear sensitive constraints of buses. Sensitive buses are generated by formulating Voltage Stability Index (VSI) considering mean of voltages obtained from load flows with increasing loads. Modeling of nonlinear constraints integrated with Zero Injection (ZI) buses is considered to further minimize the number of PMUs with and without presence of zero injection buses. The redundancy at each bus is measured with Bus Observability Index (BOI) to show the importance of PMUs allocation at sensitive buses. The proposed method is programmed in MATLAB and applied on IEEE 14, 24, 30 and 57 bus systems. The resul...

Objectives: This paper presents a critical bus constrained optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) modeling for complete observability of the system. Identification of critical or weak buses with more branches incident on it are considered to determine accurate states of the system. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Allocation of PMUs at every bus in a network is infeasible, which leads to excessive cost. So to minimize number of PMUs and to locate them at critical buses in priority, a new critical bus constrained binary integer programming (BIP) method is proposed.ZIB constraints are modeled to further minimize the PMUs. Findings: Optimal allocation of PMUs in case of single line outage is considered with ZIB modeling. Critical buses with ZIB modeling and without ZIB modeling are compared to show the importance of ZIB modeling. Application/Improvements: MATLAB simulations carried out on IEEE 14-, 24-, 30-and 57-bus test systems and results are compared and presented.

This paper presents an Upgraded Binary Bat Algorithm (UBBA) approach for optimal allocation of Phasor Measuring Units (PMUs) in power system network with complete observability. In power system grid network, allocations of Phasor Measuring Units (PMUs) at buses differ in cost on the grounds that the number of branches associated with every bus of the network varies. The weight of all the branches considered in the optimization process to assess the cost for allocation of PMUs. The Bus Redundancy Index (BRI) at each bus is taken in to consideration to estimate the performance of complete observability of the network. UBBA developed in such ways that complete observability of system is obtained with a minimum cost. The proposed UBBA is programmed in MATLAB and simulated on IEEE 14-, 24-, 30-, and 57-bus systems to obtain optimal allocation of PMUs. In order to describe the advantage of proposed method, its simulation results are analyzed and compared with different strategies available in the literature.

This paper presents the design of VSI based STATCOM for eliminating harmonic currents due to non linear load and to compensate the reactive power in grid connected system. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is increasingly popular in power quality application. This VSI draw or supply a compensating current from the utility such that it cancels current harmonics on the AC side. STATCOM generates a current wave such that it compensate by cancelling out the non-linear current waveform generated by load. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electrotechnical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements arethe active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured accor...

This paper presents a Generalized Binary Integer Linear Programming (GBILP) method for optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and to generate Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) solution with complete observability. The GBILP method is formulated with Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) constraints to reduce the number of locations for placement of PMUs in the case of normal and single line contingency. The integration of PMU and conventional measurements is modeled in DSE process to estimate accurate states of the system. To estimate the dynamic behavior of the power system with proposed method, load change up to 40% considered at a bus in the power system network. The proposed DSE method is compared with traditional Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation method in presence of load changes to show the impact of PMU measurements. MATLAB simulations are carried out on IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus systems to prove the validity of the proposed approach.

This paper presents state estimation with Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) allocation to obtain complete observability of network. A matrix is designed with modeling of zero injection constraints to minimize PMU allocations. State estimation algorithm is developed with optimal allocation of PMUs to find accurate states of network. The incorporation of PMU into traditional state estimation process improves accuracy and computational performance for large power systems. The nonlinearity integrated with zero injection (ZI) constraints is remodeled to linear frame to optimize number of PMUs. The problem of optimal PMU allocation is regarded with modeling of ZI constraints, PMU loss or line outage, cost factor and redundant measurements. The proposed state estimation with optimal PMU allocation has been compared with traditional state estimation process to show its importance. MATLAB programming on IEEE 14, 30, 57, and 118 bus networks is implemented out by Binary Integer Programming (BIP) ...

This paper proposes a new FACTS device, i.e., Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to relieve power congestion on power grid network. A simple model of a three phase AC–network of 500/230kV, 5-bus network with two transformers and two power generation plants (1000MW, 500MW) is designed. UPFC is designed with IGBT converters connected in shunt- series and both interconnected with DC bus and connected to AC side with transformer and coupling reactors. A contingency case is considered such that two transformers are considered instead of three transformers. The power flow of an UPFC installed at Bus-3 in 5-bus system is analyzed to show how the congestion of power on the grid is relieved through it. A bypass circuit breaker is installed at Bus -3 in the circuit to show the natural power flow without UPFC and power flow after installation of UPFC. The topology of series converter build in UPFC can introduce maximum of 10% of line-ground voltage in series. The simulation network of the 5-...

 Abstract: This paper proposes a new FACTS device, i.e., Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to relieve power congestion on power grid network. A simple model of a three phase AC-network of 500/230kV, 5-bus network with two transformers and two power generation plants (1000MW, 500MW) is designed. UPFC is designed with IGBT converters connected in shunt-series and both interconnected with DC bus and connected to AC side with transformer and coupling reactors. A contingency case is considered such that two transformers are considered instead of three transformers. The power flow of an UPFC installed at Bus-3 in 5-bus system is analyzed to show how the congestion of power on the grid is relieved through it. A bypass circuit breaker is installed at Bus-3 in the circuit to show the natural power flow without UPFC and power flow after installation of UPFC. The topology of series converter build in UPFC can introduce maximum of 10% of line-ground voltage in series. The simulation network of the 5-bus transmission network with UPFC connected at Bus-3 is designed with MATLAB/SIMULATION Software to estimate the power flow with UPFC connected.

This paper presents an Upgraded Binary Grey Wolf Optimization (UBGWO) for optimal deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) in power system to obtain complete system observability. The cost increases with increase in allocation of PMUs at every bus, therefore PMUs should be allocated in optimal way so that complete system observability is obtained. The Redundancy of Bus Index (RBI) at every bus is considered to assess performance of every bus connected to the system. Complete System Observability Index (CSOI) is proposed to evaluate the complete performance of the proposed strategy to optimize PMU locations. The proposed UBGWO is programmed in MATLAB software and examined with IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus networks to obtain complete system observability with optimal allocations. To validate the proposed method, the results are compared with standard methods