Imagination

In the modern society value of many biological resources remains underestimated. Lichens are one of the unique poorly studied bioresources. These are amazing organisms, formed by symbiosis of algae and fungus. Due to this combination, lichens have a number of unique properties.In this article the results of study the composition of biologically active secondary lichen metabolites of the Usnea barbata lichen. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of dry lichen extract against bacteria Bac. Subtilis. The conditions for extraction of biologically active metabolites using solvent systems such as water, water-ethanol mixtures with ethanol content of 40 and 70%, 1,4-dioxane and a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (1: 1) were selected. With use of the modern analytical methods, the composition of secondary metabolites in the extracts was studied. By the method of spectroscopy in the UV and visible region of the spectrum to determine the content usnic acid, which is 16,2 (solvent...

The aim of this work is to develop a technology for the preparation of neutral-sulfite liquors formed during the production of fibrous semi-finished products - cellulose from birch wood - for subsequent use as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of microorganisms. Acid hydrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 100 °С at a ratio of a 10% sulfuric acid solution to a liquor sample of 1 : 1. Enzymatic hydrolysis of neutral sulfite liquors was carried out with the enzyme preparations Accellerase XY and Accellerase XC at 50±2 °C and 60±2 °C. The end of hydrolysis was determined by the cessation of the increase in the content of reducing substances (RS) in the hydrolyzate. The original neutral sulphite lye contained 9.4% dry matter, 21.7 g/l of reducing substances, pH 5.3±0.2. It has been shown that as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of insoluble dry residue in the hydrolyzate decreases to 8.32% and 8.41%, respectively, and during acid hydrolysis – to 7.8%. The content...

The full use of secondary raw materials from processing plants by biotechnological methods is economically feasible and promising for the biotechnological industry. The purpose of this study is developing technology for the utilization of rice husk to obtain nutrient medium for the cultivation of bacteria Paenibacillus, promising for the production of agricultural biological products, in particular, biological fertilizers and feed additives. The processing of rice husk by using chemical and biotechnological methods showed that optimized condition for the separation of fiber and mineral substances from rice husk is treating rice husk with sodium hydroxide with concentration 2.5% at 120 °C for 20 minutes. The possibility of obtaining simple sugars by enzymatic treatment of rice husk fiber with the enzyme preparation Accellerase 1500 for 24 hours at 55 °C was observed. Under these conditions, the enzymatic hydrolysate of rice husks contains 89% of reducing sugars of absolute dry matter...

Today industrial processes manufacturing functional food with elevated β-glucan fraction are vulnerable due to heavy losses in energy and valuable human nutrients, and that calls for new technological solutions. Oat malting is discussed as an approach to obtain β-glucan concentrates rich with protein, vitamins, enzymes by reducing starch level. Hulless (or naked) oat malting duration was evaluated to control polysaccharide composition in grains. Amylolytic enzymes complex was demonstrated to degrade starch in 15 days from 59.5% to 31%, with β-glucan level rising correspondingly from 6.1% to 16.0%. It was noted that up to 6% of β-glucan can be synthesized in sprouts. Simultaneously, sprouting was accompanied by activation of endo-β-1,3-glucanase in aleuronic layer, and the maximal activity was observed on the 6th to 7th days of malting. This enzyme converts β-glucans to oligomers with lower molecular mass — β-glucan oligosaccharides, with concentration of the latter reaching 6% on th...

The article is concerned to the study and comparison of the extractive substances chemical composition of typical saprotrophic mushrooms that grow in the forests of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region: Flammulina velutipes, Hypholoma capnoides, Armillaria borealis, Armillaria cepistipes. The article analyzed and compared the chemical composition of low-molecular compounds of caps and legs separately. The composition of heavy metals was compared: cadmium, mercury, iron. The content of heavy metals in the studied fungi was compared with those studied earlier (Lentinula edodes and Pholiota squarrosa). Cadmium and mercury are found mainly in the caps of autumn mushrooms. The composition of fatty acids, sterols, carbohydrates and sugar alcohols in various parts of mushrooms (stems and caps) was determined and compared. It was revealed that glycerin is presented in all types of mushrooms and is contained in large quantities in the stems and caps of F. velutipes. The qualitative compos...