Electronics and Electrical Engineering

The human motion is defined as an amalgamation of several physical traits such as bipedal locomotion, posture and manual dexterity, and mental expectation. In addition to the “positive” body form defined by these traits, casting light on the body produces a “negative” of the body: its shadow. We often interchangeably use with silhouettes in the place of shadow to emphasize indifference to interior features. In a manner of speaking, the shadow is an alter ego that imitates the individual. The principal value of shadow is its non-invasive behaviour of reflecting precisely the actions of the individual it is attached to. Nonetheless we can still think of the body’s shadow not as the body but its alter ego. Based on this premise, my thesis creates an experiential system that extracts the data related to the contour of your human shape and gives it a texture and life of its own, so as to emulate your movements and postures, and to be your extension. In technical terms, my thesis extracts...

Brain machine interface (BMI) systems hold the potential to return lost functions to patients with motor disorders. Currently most efforts in BMI have concentrated on decoding neural activity from forearm areas of cortex to operate a robotic arm or perform other manipulation tasks. Efforts have neglected the locomotion functions of hindlimb / trunk cortex. However, the role of cortex in hindlimb locomotion of intact rats, which are often model systems for BMI testing, is usually considered to be small. Thus, the quality of representations of locomotion available in this area was uncertain. We designed a new rodent BMI system, and tested decoding of the kinematics of trunk and hindlimbs during locomotion using linear regression. Recordings were made from the motor cortex of the hindlimb / trunk area in rats using arrays of 6 tetrodes (24 channels total). We found that multiple movement related variables could be decoded simultaneously during locomotion, ranging from the proximal robot / pelvis attachment point, and the distal toe position, through hindlimb joint angles and limb endpoint in a polar coordinate system. Remarkably, the best reconstructed motion parameters were the more proximal kinematics, which might relate to global task variables. The pelvis motion was significantly better reconstructed than any other motion features.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how a new cross-community leadership team came together, collaborated, coordinated across academic units with external community partners, and executed a joint mission to address the unmet clinical need for medical face shields during these unprecedented times. Key aspects of this success include the ability to forge and leverage new opportunities, overcome challenges, adapt to changing constraints, and serve the significant need across the Philadelphia region and healthcare systems. We teamed to design-build durable face shields (AJFlex Shields). This was accomplished by high-volume manufacturing via injection molding and by 3-D printing the key headband component that supports the protective shield. Partnering with industry collaborators and civic-minded community allies proved to be essential to bolster production and deliver approximately 33,000 face shields to more than 100 organizations in the region. Our interdisciplinary team of ...

A within-subjects experimental design examined differences in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) assessment of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation with two virtual reality (VR) drawing conditions (rote tracing and creative self-expression) with and without a fragrance stimulus. Participants were healthy adults and included 18 women, 6 men: age range ¼ 18-54 years. Findings indicate significant differences such that rote tracing resulted in higher PFC activity than the creative self-expression task. Although there was no significant impact of fragrance on the overall sample, emergent differences in responsiveness to fragrance were seen by age and gender. The study suggests that repetitive tasks like rote tracing can enhance focus and the creative self-expressive tasks can reduce PFC load and induce relaxation and flow.

A mediator-free electrochemical biosensor with CeO 2 -PANI nano-interface for sensing histamine using diamine oxidase (DAO) has been developed. CeO 2 -PANI core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed the aggregated spherical morphology of CeO 2 . The core-shell formation of CeO 2 -PANI was confirmed with field emission transmission microscopy (FE-TEM). The polycrystallinity of CeO 2 and CeO 2 -PANI was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Immobilization of DAO with CeO 2 -PANI was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Electrochemical studies were carried out through cyclic voltammetry and amperometry using modified GCE/CeO 2 -PANI/DAO as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl saturated with 0.1 M KCl as a reference electrode and platinum (Pt) wire as a counter electrode. The linear range was observed from 0.45 to 1.05 mM with a sensitivity of 724.94 A cm −2 mM −1 . Michaelis-Menten constant was calculated as 0.798 mM. It exhibited limit of detection of 48.7 M, limit of quantification of 132.4 M with a response time of <1 s and good shelf life of 86% till 18 days. Also the developed biosensor was applied on tiger prawn to estimate the histamine content. India. Her current research interests are fabrication of nanostructured electrochemical enzyme based biosensor for water quality analysis. Her research areas include biosensors, Electrochemistry, Enzyme technology Noel Nesakumar gained a BE in

We report the identification of global phase synchronization ͑GPS͒ in a linear array of unidirectionally coupled Mackey-Glass time-delay systems exhibiting highly non-phase-coherent chaotic attractors with complex topological structure. In particular, we show that the dynamical organization of all the coupled time-delay systems in the array to form GPS is achieved by sequential synchronization as a function of the coupling strength. Further, the asynchronous ones in the array with respect to the main sequentially synchronized cluster organize themselves to form clusters before they achieve synchronization with the main cluster. We have confirmed these results by estimating instantaneous phases including phase difference, average phase, average frequency, frequency ratio, and their differences from suitably transformed phase coherent attractors after using a nonlinear transformation of the original non-phase-coherent attractors. The results are further corroborated using two other independent approaches based on recurrence analysis and the concept of localized sets from the original non-phase-coherent attractors directly without explicitly introducing the measure of phase.

We have identified several prominent routes, namely, fractalization, fractalization followed by intermittency, intermittency and Heagy-Hammel routes, for the birth of strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) in a quasiperiodically forced electronic system with nonsinusoidal (square wave) force as one of the quasiperiodic forces . In addition, a new bubbling route has also been identified in this circuit. Although some of these prominent routes have been reported experimentally in a quasiperiodically forced electronic circuit with both the forcings as sinusoidal forces, experimental identification of all these routes is reported here in a quasiperiodically forced electronic circuit with one of the forcings as a nonsinusoidal (square wave) force. The birth of SNAs by these routes are characterized from both the experimental and numerical data by the maximal Lyapunov exponents and their variance, Poincaré maps, Fourier amplitude spectra, spectral distribution functions and the distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents.

We study the effect of coupling delay in a regular network with a ring topology and in a more complex network with an all-to-all (global) topology in the presence of impurities (disorder). We find that the coupling delay is capable of inducing phase-coherent chaotic oscillations in both types of networks, thereby enhancing the spatiotemporal complexity even in the presence of 50% of symmetric disorders of both fixed and random types. Furthermore, the coupling delay increases the robustness of the networks up to 70% of disorders, thereby preventing the network from acquiring periodic oscillations to foster disorder-induced spatiotemporal order. We also confirm the enhancement of coherent chaotic oscillations using snapshots of the phases and values of the associated Kuramoto order parameter. We also explain a possible mechanism for the phenomenon of delay-induced coherent chaotic oscillations despite the presence of large disorders and discuss its applications.

Numerical and experimental investigations of chaotic synchronization in coupled nonlinear systems have received much attention in recent years. This phenomena is omnipresent and plays an important role in diverse areas of science and technology [1, 2]. In the synchronization process, two identical chaotic systems do not always necessarily synchronize perfectly.

In this paper, we report the phenomena of global and partial phase synchronizations in linear arrays of unidirectionally coupled piecewise linear time-delay systems. In particular, in a linear array with open end boundary conditions, global phase synchronization (GPS) is achieved by a sequential synchronization of local oscillators in the array as a function of the coupling strength (a second order transition).

Almtraet-The NASA Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) provides high risk technologies having the potential to dramatically enhance the capabifities of the satellite communications industry. This experimental satellite, which will be launched by NASA in 1992, will furnish the technology necessary for providing a range of services. Utilizing the ACTS very high gain hopping spot beam antennas with on-board muting and processing, Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) digital networks which provide on-demand, full mesh connectivity, 1.544 Mbps services with only a single hop can be estabfished. Each individual 64 kbpe voice or data circuit from a VSAT is routed by the satellite to any location on the network. Secondly, the high gain spot beams make possible voice and data aeronautical commtmication in the large frequency bandwidth which exists at 30/20 GHz. The high gain spot bemm also make feasible personal communications for low data rate services utilizing Ultra Small Aperture Terminals (USAT). Finally, the high gain spot beam antenna at Ka-band permits wide area, flexible networks providing 1 Gbps services between modest-size Earth terminals. This service is being considered in the U.S. for such applications as interconnecting supercomputers. This paper provides an overview of the ACTS and discusses the value of its technology for these communication applications including the spacecraft (S/C) weight per unit circuit for providing these services by ACTS technologies as compared to present-day satellites. For some of these services, the ACTS technologies may have more mediate application internationally rather than within the U.S.