Einstein's Theories are considered as significant theories of the nowadays Science of Physics. Ho... more Einstein's Theories are considered as significant theories of the nowadays Science of Physics. However, the nowadays Science of Physics did not provide yet a verified theory for unifying the Gravitation and the Electromagnetism. Kaluza Klein Theory addresses that issue by predicting that there are five dimensions, with the fifth dimension being of the shape of a tiny circle, with a radius of 23 times the Planck length, which is of the order of 10-33 cm. However, because there is no foreseeable technology for verifying that prediction, about that fifth dimension, the Kaluza Klein Theory is not yet accepted as a complete viable theory, which implies that the issues of presenting a theory which unifies the Gravitation and the Electromagnetism is still an open issue. This paper, and several other preprints, by the author of this paper, also tries to address that issue, by presenting an alternate theory, which is also accompanied by a proposal for an experiment, which might either disprove the proposed theory, if the proposed experiment implementation will turn out to be unsuccessful, or, alternatively, provide validity to the proposed theory, if the proposed experiment implementation will turn out to be successful. However, while the Kaluza Klein theory does not challenge significant elements of the nowadays Science of Physics, the proposed theory does challenge significant elements of the nowadays Science of Physics, and as such, might appear, initially, as completely wrong. Thus, this paper concludes that the implementation of the proposed experiment might be an important endeavor, because it might provide validity to the proposed theory, while the Kaluza Klein theory does not seem to be verified, in the foreseeable future, leaving the issue of the unification of the Gravity and the Electromagnetism as an open issue.
Humans need the entity of Space to perceive relative positions between objects. Humans also need ... more Humans need the entity of Space to perceive relative positions between objects. Humans also need the entities of Space and Time to calculate values that Humans attribute to Motions, such as Velocity or Acceleration. The entities of Space and Time are also the entities that compose the four-dimensional Interwoven Space/Time entity, introduced by Einstein's General Relativity theory, which provided an explanation of the origin of the attraction between Mass bodies. However, although the notions of Space and Time, as Humans perceive these notions, do provide the significant explanation of the origin of the attraction between Mass bodies, via Einstein's General Relativity theory, the notions of Space and Time, as Humans perceive these notions, are not sufficient for providing explanations to additional similar unanswered questions, such as : what is the origin of the attraction or the repulsion between Electrically Charged bodies? Or, why the velocity of Light, measured by Humans, always results in a constant value and the maximum velocity that Humans can measure? This paper presents the following prediction: Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are forms of Accelerations, like the Gravitational Field, which is already recognized as a form of Acceleration.
A discussion related to the existence of the entities of Space and Time, 2023
Humans need the entity of Space to perceive relative positions between objects. Humans also need ... more Humans need the entity of Space to perceive relative positions between objects. Humans also need the entities of Space and Time to calculate values that Humans attribute to Motions, such as Velocity or Acceleration. The entities of Space and Time are also the entities that compose the four-dimensional Interwoven Space/Time entity, introduced by Einstein's General Relativity theory, which provided an explanation of the origin of the attraction between Mass bodies. However, although the notions of Space and Time, as Humans perceive these notions, do provide the significant explanation of the origin of the attraction between Mass bodies, via Einstein's General Relativity theory, the notions of Space and Time, as Humans perceive these notions, are not sufficient for providing explanations to an additional similar unanswered question : what is the origin of the attraction or the repulsion between Electrically Charged bodies? This paper presents the following prediction: Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are forms of Accelerations, like the Gravitational Field, which is already recognized as a form of Acceleration.
A Simple Unification of Gravitation and Electricity, 2022
Einstein devoted many years for finding a Classical Unification of Gravity and Electricity. These... more Einstein devoted many years for finding a Classical Unification of Gravity and Electricity. These attempts did not result in conclusive successful results. This study proposes a simple unification of Gravity and Electricity by predicting that Electric Fields are also forms of Accelerations, as Gravity is already recognized as a form of Acceleration. There are other proposals for unifications of Gravity and Electricity, but neither also propose a simple test how to validate the proposed unification. This study, on the other hand, does also propose a relatively simple physical experiment, which if implemented might prove, or disprove, the prediction that Electric Fields are also forms of Acceleration, which will also provide validity to the proposed unification of Gravity and Electricity, or disprove it. One-Sentence Summary: A proof that Electric Fields are forms of Acceleration will also provide a simple unification of Gravitation and Electricity.
Einstein's General Relativity Theory provided an explanation for the source of the attraction bet... more Einstein's General Relativity Theory provided an explanation for the source of the attraction between Mass bodies, which was unexplained, even though Newton's Universal Gravitational Law provided the magnitude of the attraction force between two Mass bodies. Einstein's General Relativity Theory used the observation that Newton's Gravitational Field is also a form of acceleration, and it used this observation to introduce Einstein's Interwoven Space/Time notion, which explained the source of the attraction between Mass bodies. However, the source of the attraction or the repulsion between Electrically Charged bodies is still a mystery today, even though the structures of Newton's Universal Gravitational Law, and Coulomb's Law, are identical. This paper provides the prediction that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration. Based on this prediction, a paper published by the author of this paper, expands Einstein's General Relativity Theory to include Electrically Charged bodies in addition to Mass bodies, which also provides an explanation to the source of the attraction or the repulsion between Electrically Charged bodies. However, the prediction that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration also implies that the acceleration between two Electrically Charged bodies, attracted to, or repelled from each other, according to Coulomb's Law, is mainly dependent on the magnitudes of the Electric Charges that these bodies carry and not on the magnitudes of the Masses of these bodies, as Newton's Second Law of Motion predicts. Thus, if the prediction, that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration will be found correct, Newton's Second Law of Motion would require a suitable modification. This paper also proposes a physical experiment which might prove (or disprove) the prediction provided by this paper, that Electric (or Magnetic) Fields are also forms of acceleration, which might prove (or disprove) what is presented in this paper.
What Humans Perceive as Time and Space are just Facets of Energy, 2022
Physics might bring recollections of boring and frustrating physics classes at high school, and c... more Physics might bring recollections of boring and frustrating physics classes at high school, and complicated, long, cumbersome equations based on frightening Mathematics. This is not Physics. Science in general, and the science of Physics in particular, are about human endeavors to understand Nature, the Universe, and the Existence in general. Indeed, Physicists rightfully insist on presenting Physics theories using Mathematics, because Mathematics is the language that Science and Physics utilize, because it is based on unambiguous and precise statements. But if the layer of Mathematics from fascinating Physics theories is peeled off, what is revealed is a layer of fascinating ideas, based on human ingenuity. As stated already above, Mathematics provides validity to Science and Physics theories, because it provides unambiguousness and precision to the elements presented in these theories. But the basics ideas, from which the elements of this layer, of human ingenuity emerged, can be usually presented also by using just common language, because Physics ideas can be also presented, with a limited use of Mathematics. This is what this book tries to do. As already stated above, Science in general, and the science of Physics in particular, are about human endeavors to understand Nature, the Universe, and the Existence in general. As such, in the last few centuries, Science and Physics made significant progress in unveiling many mysteries about Nature and the Universe. Although Mathematics provides unambiguousness and precision to the elements presented in Science and Physics theories, no Science and Physics theory is assumed to be the ultimate truth and embed complete validity, because, after all, all these theories are based on humans' ideas, and limited humans' ability to understand Nature. An acceptable measure of validity of a Science and Physics theory is its compliance with physical experiments, which test the validity of its results. Nevertheless, also these experiments are based on limited humans' ability to devise complete full proof experiments, which might result in observations, which cause the necessity to correct a Science or a Physical theory, or even replace it, with a totally new theory, which better complies, with the most recent observations. And, although Science and Physics theories utilize Mathematics to present their statements, still Physics embeds many unresolved questions regarding Nature and the Universe, and it also embeds quite a few peculiarities and paradoxes. Some of these unresolved questions, peculiarities, and paradoxes, that still exist in the Science of Physics today, are the subject of this book. The author of this book is not a physicist by profession and education. The author of this book is a retired Electronics Engineer. However, many years ago, when the author of this book was a young student at high school, the author of this book found the drive to understand appealing. For example, when the author of this book understood that Einstein's General Relativity Theory concluded, that Mass is just a form of Energy, the author of this book tried to understand why the Electric Charge is not also recognized as a form of Energy, based on many similarities between the Mass and the Electric Charge entities. Recently, when the author of this book retired, he could concentrate on delving into such issues and finalizing the ideas that resulted in several published papers, and this book. As already stated above, this book is about attempts to explain some Physics unanswered questions, peculiarities, and paradoxes, which resulted in a revolutionary conclusion: Time, Space, and the Electric Charge are just forms (or facets) of Energy, like Mass is already recognized and accepted by the science of Physics as a form of Energy, following the introduction of Einstein's Special Relativity Theory. This also boils down into another revolutionary conclusion: Nature is composed of only one entity: Energy!!! From the dawn of civilization humans are struggling to understand Nature. Many ideas, tools and theories were developed during this quest, in attempts to narrow down the elements that are important in understanding Nature. However, the science of Physics today still uses many elements to explain Nature, such as Energy, Mass, Electric Charge, Forces, Fields, Space, Time, etc. This book concludes that all the elements, or entities, used by the science of Physics to explain Nature are just facets of one entity: Energy. As already stated above, the conclusion that Nature is composed of only one entity, Energy, is the result of attempts to explain some unanswered questions, peculiarities, and paradoxes, that still exist in the science of Physics today. These attempts use analysis, which is based only on nowadays acceptable Physics theories, and uses only thinking experiments, logic, and reason, as the tools to carry over this analysis. Although the thinking experiments, login, and reason, used in the above-described analysis, seem as very sound and very difficult to contradict, these cannot be sufficient, to provide complete validity, to what is presented in this book. Thus, in addition to the above, this book also proposes several experiments. If these experiments will be executed, and their results will be successful, as this book predicts, this might provide validity, to what is presented in this book. These experiments require means and funds which are beyond the reach of the author of this book.
What Humans Perceive as Time and Space are just Facets of Energy, 2022
Physics might bring recollections of boring and frustrating physics classes at high school, and c... more Physics might bring recollections of boring and frustrating physics classes at high school, and complicated, long, cumbersome equations based on frightening Mathematics. This is not Physics. Science in general, and the science of Physics in particular, are about human endeavors to understand Nature, the Universe, and the Existence in general. Indeed, Physicists rightfully insist on presenting Physics theories using Mathematics, because Mathematics is the language that Science and Physics utilize, because it is based on unambiguous and precise statements. But if the layer of Mathematics from fascinating Physics theories is peeled off, what is revealed is a layer of fascinating ideas, based on human ingenuity. As stated already above, Mathematics provides validity to Science and Physics theories, because it provides unambiguousness and precision to the elements presented in these theories. But the basics ideas, from which the elements of this layer, of human ingenuity emerged, can be usually presented also by using just common language, because Physics ideas can be also presented, with a limited use of Mathematics. This is what this book tries to do. As already stated above, Science in general, and the science of Physics in particular, are about human endeavors to understand Nature, the Universe, and the Existence in general. As such, in the last few centuries, Science and Physics made significant progress in unveiling many mysteries about Nature and the Universe. Although Mathematics provides unambiguousness and precision to the elements presented in Science and Physics theories, no Science and Physics theory is assumed to be the ultimate truth and embed complete validity, because, after all, all these theories are based on humans' ideas, and limited humans' ability to understand Nature. An acceptable measure of validity of a Science and Physics theory is its compliance with physical experiments, which test the validity of its results. Nevertheless, also these experiments are based on limited humans' ability to devise complete full proof experiments, which might result in observations, which cause the necessity to correct a Science or a Physical theory, or even replace it, with a totally new theory, which better complies, with the most recent observations. And, although Science and Physics theories utilize Mathematics to present their statements, still Physics embeds many unresolved questions regarding Nature and the Universe, and it also embeds quite a few peculiarities and paradoxes. Some of these unresolved questions, peculiarities, and paradoxes, that still exist in the Science of Physics today, are the subject of this book. The author of this book is not a physicist by profession and education. The author of this book is a retired Electronics Engineer. However, many years ago, when the author of this book was a young student at high school, the author of this book found the drive to understand appealing. For example, when the author of this book understood that Einstein's General Relativity Theory concluded, that Mass is just a form of Energy, the author of this book tried to understand why the Electric Charge is not also recognized as a form of Energy, based on many similarities between the Mass and the Electric Charge entities. Recently, when the author of this book retired, he could concentrate on delving into such issues and finalizing the ideas that resulted in several published papers, and this book. As already stated above, this book is about attempts to explain some Physics unanswered questions, peculiarities, and paradoxes, which resulted in a revolutionary conclusion: Time, Space, and the Electric Charge are just forms (or facets) of Energy, like Mass is already recognized and accepted by the science of Physics as a form of Energy, following the introduction of Einstein's Special Relativity Theory. This also boils down into another revolutionary conclusion: Nature is composed of only one entity: Energy!!! From the dawn of civilization humans are struggling to understand Nature. Many ideas, tools and theories were developed during this quest, in attempts to narrow down the elements that are important in understanding Nature. However, the science of Physics today still uses many elements to explain Nature, such as Energy, Mass, Electric Charge, Forces, Fields, Space, Time, etc. This book concludes that all the elements, or entities, used by the science of Physics to explain Nature are just facets of one entity: Energy. As already stated above, the conclusion that Nature is composed of only one entity, Energy, is the result of attempts to explain some unanswered questions, peculiarities, and paradoxes, that still exist in the science of Physics today. These attempts use analysis, which is based only on nowadays acceptable Physics theories, and uses only thinking experiments, logic, and reason, as the tools to carry over this analysis. Although the thinking experiments, login, and reason, used in the above-described analysis, seem as very sound and very difficult to contradict, these cannot be sufficient, to provide complete validity, to what is presented in this book. Thus, in addition to the above, this book also proposes several experiments. If these experiments will be executed, and their results will be successful, as this book predicts, this might provide validity, to what is presented in this book. These experiments require means and funds which are beyond the reach of the author of this book.
The study addresses the following question: what is the source of the Dark Energy? The study prov... more The study addresses the following question: what is the source of the Dark Energy? The study provides sound argumentations that Electromagnetic Waves, from separate sources, can consolidate, even though such consolidations seem to embed paradoxes. The study also proposes a physical experiment which might implement consolidations of Electromagnetic Waves, from separate sources. In addition to the above, the study also addresses paradoxes related to the Mutual Annihilation and the Pair Production processes. The study proposes a resolution for all these paradoxes which also concludes that most of the Dark Energy might be related to Electromagnetism and that the Electric Charge is also a form of Energy.
A Discussion about Traceable and Untraceable Energies, 2021
Energy and the Energy Conservation Principle might be the most important building blocks of the P... more Energy and the Energy Conservation Principle might be the most important building blocks of the Physical Sciences. Until the discovery, in the 20 th century, that the Universe expands much faster than the expansion that can be justified by the amount of the calculated Energy in the whole Universe, the Energy was believed to be composed of only Traceable Energy components. After the above-mentioned discovery, the notion of Untraceable Energy (or Dark Energy) was introduced in the science of Physics. However, the exact origin of this Dark Energy is still a mystery. The acceptable notions are that Dark Energy must be looked for in Gravitation using Einstein's General Relativity Theory. This article argues that the origin of most of the Dark Energy might be in Electromagnetism. This article also provides other new insights into the Energy entity, which might also explain additional issues and paradoxes that were yet ignored.
The common notion is that Electromagnetic (EM) waves cannot consolidate. Contrary to that, an art... more The common notion is that Electromagnetic (EM) waves cannot consolidate. Contrary to that, an article [2] published by the author of this article, presented a scenario which argues that EM waves can and do consolidate. Another article [1] published by the author of this article presented one such scenario, in which consolidating EM waves generate an EM Null wave without any electric and magnetic fields, which seems to violate the Energy Conservation Principle. That article [1] resolves this paradox by introducing the novel Energy Pairs Theory, which implies that this Null wave conserves the energy as untraceable energy. This article presents another paradox manifested by another scenario of consolidating EM waves, in which the resultant EM wave contains more traceable energy than the sum of the traceable energies embedded in the consolidating waves. This scenario also seems to violate the Energy Conservation Principle, because energy seems to be created out of nothing. The Energy Pairs Theory resolves this paradox, which also significantly enhances the hypothesis presented in article [1], that the energies embedded in photons and EM waves are composed of traceable and untraceable energies.
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Drafts by Moshe Segal