Mary Manjikian

Regent University, Political Science, Faculty Member

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Books by Mary Manjikian

Barring the Door: The Securitization of Property Squatting in Western Europe

“Barring the Door: The Securitization of Property Squatting in Europe” examines and critiques l... more “Barring the Door: The Securitization of Property Squatting in Europe” examines and critiques legislative initiatives seeking to reframe urban property squatting as a crime and a threat to domestic security within nations belonging to the European Union in the period 2002 til present. Legislation criminalizing the act of squatting has been passed in 2003 (Netherlands): 2005 and 2007 (France); 2006 (Denmark) and is currently the subject of debate in Great Britain.
This work breaks new ground through using the lens of security to examine property squatting – which has thus far been considered either as an economic externality or a social problem. In this work, I argue that developments within the EU – including terrorist attacks in London and Madrid, the rise of right wing extremist parties and the lifting of barriers to immigration and travel within the EU – have had effects on housing policy, which has become the subject of state security policy in Europe’s urban areas. Housing is not merely about having a place to live – but about state pressures to conform, norms and policies regarding citizenship and about practices of surveillance and security.

Apocalypse and Post-Politics: The Romance of the End

Mary Manjikian’s Apocalypse and Post-Politics: The Romance of the End advances the thesis that on... more Mary Manjikian’s Apocalypse and Post-Politics: The Romance of the End advances the thesis that only those who feel the most safe and whose lives are least precarious can engage in the sort of storytelling which envisions erasing civilization. Apocalypse-themed novels of contemporary America and historic Britain, then, are affirmed as a creative luxury of development. Manjikian examines a number of such novels using the lens of an international relations theorist, identifying faults in the logic of the American exceptionalists who would argue that America is uniquely endowed with resources and a place in the world, both of which make continued growth and expansion simultaneously desirable and inevitable. In contrast, Manjikian shows, apocalyptic narratives explore America as merely one nation among many, whose trajectory is neither unique nor destined for success. Apocalypse and Post-Politics ultimately argues that the apocalyptic narrative provides both a counterpoint and a corrective to the narrative of exceptionalism.

Apocalyptic concepts provide a way for contemporary Americans to view the international system from below: from the perspective of those who are powerless rather than those who are powerful. This sort of theorizing is also useful for intelligence analysts who question how it all will end, and whether America’s decline can be predicted or prevented.

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Threat Talk

"Threat Talk" exposes how US and Chinese scientists and policy-makers have understood and respond... more "Threat Talk" exposes how US and Chinese scientists and policy-makers have understood and responded to the problem of internet addiction in their societies. Is the internet good or bad for society? American analysts like Lessig and Zittrain suggest that the internet is inherently liberating and positive for society, while Morozov and Sageman warn that the internet poses risks to citizens and societies. Using a comparative framework to illustrate how the two states differ in their assessments of the risks to citizens posed by the introduction of new technology, Mary Manjikian compellingly argues that both "risk" and "disease" are ideas which are understood differently at different historic periods and in different cultures. Her culturalist approach claims that the internet is neither inherently helpful, nor inherently threatening. Rather, its role and the dangers it poses may be understood differently by different societies. Is the internet good or bad for society? The answer, it appears, is "it depends."
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Papers by Mary Manjikian

The problem of cyberwarfare

Cybersecurity Ethics, 2017

Routledge Companion to Global Cyber-Security Strategy

This companion provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date comparative overview of the cyber-s... more This companion provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date comparative overview of the cyber-security strategies and doctrines of the major states and actors in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. The volume offers an introduction to each nation's cyber-security strategy and policy, along with a list of resources in English that may be consulted for those wishing to go into greater depth. Each chapter is written by a leading academic or policy specialist, and contains the following sections: This book will be of much interest to students and practitioners in the fields of cybersecurity, national security, strategic studies, foreign policy, and international relations.

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The United States

Routledge Companion to Global Cyber-Security Strategy, 2021

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

Routledge eBooks, Dec 1, 2022

The Ethical Hacker

Routledge eBooks, Dec 1, 2022

What Is Ethics?

Routledge eBooks, Dec 1, 2022

Cybersecurity Ethics

Military Aspects of Cybersecurity Ethics

Cybersecurity Ethics

The way forward

Queer Spies

Gender, Sexuality, and Intelligence Studies, 2020

Deterring Cybertrespass and Securing Cyberspace: Lessons from United States Border Control Strategies

: For most military analysts, the term deterrence brings to mind the notion of nuclear deterrence... more : For most military analysts, the term deterrence brings to mind the notion of nuclear deterrence. We think of how two opposing states attempt to deter their adversaries through creating a balance of weapons, telegraphing their intentions, and establishing themselves as a credible threat. We think of the Cold War, and the standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States. However, in this Letort Paper, Dr. Mary Manjikian raises the intriguing notion that the best analogy when thinking about cyber-deterrence does not actually come from the nuclear arena but rather from the literature about border controls. Drawing on a rich literature, including case studies of successful and unsuccessful attempts at securing the Southern border of the United States, she demonstrates that the approaches, strategies, and costs of carrying out physical border defense and virtual border defense have many similarities. First, Dr. Manjikian argues that the actors we most need to deter in cyberspace ...

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Positivism, Post-Positivism, and Intelligence Analysis

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 2013

In recent years, the Intelligence Community has been rather infatuated with positivist social sci... more In recent years, the Intelligence Community has been rather infatuated with positivist social science. Analysts like Stephen Marrin and Gregory Treverton have suggested that the best way for practitioners to reform intelligence analysis (and indeed the whole intelligence cycle) is to borrow positivist methodologies such as evidence-based practices and hypothesis testing from academic scientists and social scientists. Here, analysts seem particularly drawn to making analogies with the medical profession. The constraints which practitioners face and the methodologies they use in making an assessment or diagnosis are frequently compared. For example, Gary McClelland noted that:

The problem of piracy

Conflict, Cohesion, and Comrades in Arms: Social Implications of Robotics in the Military

Current thinking about military leadership rests on an historic set of understandings, norms, and... more Current thinking about military leadership rests on an historic set of understandings, norms, and values, including ideas like honor, courage, and character. And leadership provides the backbone for military organization. But emerging technological advances will have effects on the ways in which warfighters exercise autonomy and agency at all levels of the military organization. Warfighters will increasingly be called upon to work with robots (including being paired with a robot as a sort of robot–human hybrid), to supervise robots, and perhaps even to take orders from robots. Can traditional military understandings of leadership and character be reconciled with these technological advances or does the paradigm of military leadership require a fundamental rethinking?

ReadingLolitain Langley: The Unreliable Narrator as a Device to Evaluate Intelligence Credibility

Intelligence and National Security, 2014

Current methods of ascertaining the reliability of human intelligence focus predominantly on eval... more Current methods of ascertaining the reliability of human intelligence focus predominantly on evaluating the reliability of sources. More leverage might be achieved through considering the reliability of narratives constructed or furnished by those sources. Lessons can be drawn from literary theory which examines the creation and reading of unreliable and untrustworthy narratives. A narrative can be unreliable and/or untrustworthy, even when the informant appears to be cooperating in furnishing information, due to his often unconscious biases or limitations in understanding or retelling the tale.

Child Soldiers

The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies

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Special Problems I: The Question of Preemption

Mary Manjikian

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