Peter De Smet

4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-22d: Nature and geographical distribution of sickness masks — Americas, Europe and medical index

4P-22d Sickness masks in the Americas and Europe, 2025

This is the fourth and final part of a quadripartite paper about the material culture of sickness... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-22c: Nature and geographical distribution of sickness masks —Asia

4P-22c Sickness masks in Asia, 2025

This is the second part of a quadripartite paper about the material culture of sickness masks wor... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-22b: Nature and geographical distribution of sickness masks — Africa

4P-22b Sickness masks in Africa, 2025

This is the second part of a quadripartite paper about the material culture of sickness masks wor... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-22a: Nature and geographical distribution of sickness masks — general introduction

4P-22a Sickness masks — General introduction, 2025

This is the first part of a quadripartite paper about the material culture of sickness masks worl... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-23b: Smokeless tobacco products in Africa

4P-23b smokeless tobacco in Africa , 2025

Second part of a quadripartite paper about smokeless tobacco products. It reviews the material cu... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-23d: Smokeless tobacco products in the Americas

4P-23d smokeless tobacco in the Americas , 2025

Fourth and final part of a quadripartite paper about smokeless tobacco products. It reviews the ... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-23c: Smokeless tobacco products in Asia and Oceania

4P-23c smokeless tobacco in Asia and Oceania

Third part of a quadripartite paper about smokeless tobacco products. It reviews the material cul... more

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-23a: The material culture of smokeless tobacco products

4P-23a The material culture of smokeless tobacco products, 2025

This is the first part of a quadripartite paper about the material culture of smokeless tobacco p... more This is the first part of a quadripartite paper about the material culture of smokeless tobacco products. It offers a succinct general introduction to the ethnopharmacology of tobacco uses worldwide (4P-23a). The following parts review smokeless tobacco in Africa (4P-23b), Asia and Oceania (4P-23c), and the Americas (4P-23d).

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-21: Why do sickness masks portray signs of sickness Version Aug 15 2025

This paper reviews the various reasons, why many indigenous masks depict signs of sickness

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4P-Project (Patients, Practitioners, Practices, Plant Drugs) 4P-20a: The material culture of hallucinogenic practices: Anadenanthera seeds Version Jun 29 2025

4P-20a: The material culture of hallucinogenic practices: Anadenanthera seeds, 2025

For more than forty years, the author has combined his fascination with non-Western and ancient c... more For more than forty years, the author has combined his fascination with non-Western and ancient cultures with his professional expertise as a clinical pharmacologist to do scientific research on ethnopharmacology and ethnomedicine. This has resulted in a robust collection of references, images and objects that provide global coverage of the material cultures of both disciplines. Since his retirement, he is converting the collected materials into a coherent set of digital files about diseases, doctors and drugs in native and ancient societies. As his only aim is to preserve and disseminate his expertise in these matters, files are made freely accessible through Academia.edu. If you consider this review to be a useful source in your research, please acknowledge this by including it as an attributive reference in your own publications.

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