K M Singh

Rajendra Agricultural University,Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (INDIA), Agricultural Economics, Faculty Member

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Phone: +91-9431060157
Address: Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Post Graduate College of Agriculture, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa - Samastipur 848125

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Papers by K M Singh

Impact of electricity subsidies on groundwater exploitation in rice and maize

International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development , 2024

Rice and maize are crucial for food security and livelihoods in Andhra Pradesh, where electricity... more Rice and maize are crucial for food security and livelihoods in Andhra Pradesh, where electricity subsidies heavily influence groundwater
extraction. This study explored the effect of these subsidies on groundwater use for paddy and maize in Anantapur district, sampling 160
farmers across selected blocks. Primary data related to groundwater extraction before and after irrigation subsidy (agricultural year, 2021-22)
were collected for the study. Results showed a significant rise in groundwater use following subsidy implementation, particularly in over
exploited areas. Maize saw a 22.82% increase in groundwater extraction, while paddy rose by 16.83% in over-exploited areas. The impact
varied across farm categories, with marginal and small farms extracting more groundwater than medium and semi-medium farms. The
subsidy led farmers to invest in electric pumps and extend pumping hours, intensifying groundwater depletion. These findings highlight the
need for policy changes to adjust electricity subsidies based on crop water requirements, aiming to reduce excessive groundwater use.

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Cashless Economy-Impact of digital innovation in India

by S.Sangeeta Kumari and K M Singh

Current Science, 2024

Digitalization has brought a revolutionary change in every walk of human life, giving the average... more Digitalization has brought a revolutionary change in every walk of human life, giving the average person many digital options for payment and settlement. Information communication technology enabled the transformation of our banking system from paper to virtual mode, facilitating speedy and secure fund transfers. Post-demonetization (8 November 2016), the cashless economy got a boost, and about 98% of transactions have become cashless. A cashless policy empowers industries, leading to an increase in employment opportunities and reducing cash-oriented fraud. The Reserve Bank of India Digital Payments Index was recorded at 349.30 as of March 2022 against 304.06 for September 2021, indicating significant growth, rapid adoption and deepening of digital payment across the nation. During the financial year 2021–22, digital transactions surged to 7195 crores, with the value increasing to Rs 17.44 billion. There is a strong need to make policies for protection against cyber attacks, encourage digital literacy, and ensure adequate rural penetration of internet connectivity and banking infrastructure, with awareness among rural masses to strengthen organized indigenous markets. This article provides an insight into the cashless economy and the impact of digital innovation on India’s financial system.

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Decomposition and forecasting of tomato price in Bhopal

by K M Singh and pardeep puria

Agricultural Economics Research Review, 2023

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Trade Dynamics of Lac Export from India

by S.Sangeeta Kumari and K M Singh

Journal of AgriSearch, 2024

INTRODUCTION 115 Globally, India is one of the leading producers and exportersof Natural Resins a... more INTRODUCTION 115 Globally, India is one of the leading producers and exportersof Natural Resins and Gums (NRGs),notably lac, guar and karaya gums. Lac cultivation has long beenassociated with providing a sustainable source of income for rural peoplewho rely on forest resources for their livelihood and acting as a buffer againstcrop failure. The lac growing belt in India overlapping with the nation's major tribal belts creates better prospects for the tribals' economic sustenance by reducing drudgery and generating valuable cash flow by promoting export. This paper explores the export potential of lac with an emphasis on export competitiveness and trade direction for the past two decades (2002-03 to 2021-22). The present study employed the Revealed Comparative Advantage and first-order Markov Chain approach. RSCA index value points out that India possesses a high comparative advantage in lac export relative to agricultural export in the global market. The major export destinations for Indian lac are the USA, Bangladesh, China, Germany, Afghanistan and Iraq. The Markov chain analysis findings revealed that the lac export's stability has improved over the study period. Export of Indian lacis likely concentrated in importing countries like the USA, Bangladesh and Germany.Throughout the study period, China and Iraq remained the most unstable importers of Indian lac, as indicated by the zero probability retentioncoefficients.A careful review of the trade pattern suggests that Bangladesh will continue to be a major importer in the coming years. Even though the USA remains the leading export destination,its total export shareis declining as it is losing half its share to other countries.Although exports from this sector do not contribute significantly to the country's foreign exchange earnings, their importance lies in that roughly 3-4 million tribal people derive subsidiary income from its cultivation. Concerned efforts focusing on increased research and development,improving production, adding value in accordance with global demand, market diversification, and enhancing quality standards will help boost exports of Indian lac in the long run.

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Analysis of Rice Value Chains - A Study of Bihar and Karnataka States in India

by Nasim Ahmad and K M Singh

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017

The present investigation was aimed for analyzing comparative value chain addition of rice produc... more The present investigation was aimed for analyzing comparative value chain addition of rice production and marketing in Bihar and Karnataka States, based on primary data having 300 stakeholders selected using random sampling method from two purposively selected districts East Champaran and Davangere of Bihar and Karnataka, respectively, duly categorized into paddy growers, paddy wholesalers, millers, rice wholesalers, rice retailers and consumers. Farmers were the first value adding actors, and earned on an average of the gross return Rs 44,641.8/ha (East Champaran) and Rs 1, 32,117.26/ha (Davangere) by cultivating paddy. They added value of Rs 115.71 per quintal by drying, Rs 86.77 per quintal by selling in markets and Rs 127.27 per quintal by storing (speculation) of produce to sell in future in case of East Champaran district and in case of Davangere district. Paddy wholesalers, the second important key players, and added value of average Rs 65.8 per quintal and Rs 75.67 per quintal in case of both districts under study, respectively. Rice millers were important value adder in rice value chain and added value in three stages purchasing and milling of paddy and selling of rice. The value addition by rice millers estimated about 81.21 per cent and 26.55 per cent, and 60.63 per cent and 32.95 per cent by marketing and milling in East Champaran and Davangere district, respectively. Rice wholesalers were the fourth actor in value chain, value addition by them was about 10.69 per cent and 11.05 per cent in both districts, respectively. The profit earned from rice was Rs 2.38 per kg (East Champaran) and Rs 3.11 per kg (Davangere). Rice retailers, the final value chain actor received less value addition and the profit earned was estimated to be Rs 2.57 per kg and Rs 3.62 per kg in both the districts under study.

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Baghakole (Bihar) — A Profile

Meena, M.S., Singh, K.M. and Singh, R.K.P. 2012. ICT-Enabled Extension in Agriculture Sector: Opportunities and Challenges in Climate Change Situation. In: ICT for Agricultural Development Under Changing Climate, Ed. K.M. Singh, M.S. Meena. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi. http://ssrn.com/ab...

Socio-Economic aspects for Adoption of Agricultural Innovations

Training Manual on Integrated Farming System

Constraints in On-Farm Water Management

The Study was conducted in canal operated area of Patna and tubewell operated area of Vaishali Di... more The Study was conducted in canal operated area of Patna and tubewell operated area of Vaishali District of Bihar to find the constraints of water management in crop production. Total 120 and 100 farmers were selected from canal and tube well area respectively. Twelve constraints to water management were identified for the study. Based on total score obtained ranking of each constraint was done to know the severity of the constraint. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to study the degree of association among three (head, middle and tail reaches of canal command) or more sets of rankings. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to measure correlation between two sets of ranks. In tube well command area, 65 per cent people have own functional tube well, whereas only 43 per cent people in canal command owned functional tube well; out of that 57.7 % tube well are in tail reaches of canal. The study revealed that costly irrigation, uneven plots, lack of irrigation ...

Inai (Bihar): A Village Profile

Lentil in India: An Overview

Traditionally pulses have been considered important elements of cropping systems in the Indo-Gang... more Traditionally pulses have been considered important elements of cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. They were popular because of their importance as a source of protein and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N) and thus improve soil fertility. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, a large area under pulses in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was substituted by high- yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Tritium aestivum). Lentil production in India has always been important as it is the one of the most important rabi crops in the country. In fact, India was the largest producer of the Lentil crop in the world until recently Canada took over the lead leaving India at the second place. The new technology of rice and wheat substantially changed the agricultural scenario and largely contributed to increase in agricultural production in the IGP. Indian subcontinent has a reputation of being an important player in the world’s pulse scenario. The present article tr...

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Water Resources In Eastern India

This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Fodder paper

Livestock production, especially dairy, has long been an important activity for smallholder and r... more Livestock production, especially dairy, has long been an important activity for smallholder and resource-poor farmers in India, both for household nutrition and income. Most of the livestock are kept in mixed farming systems, where crop residues, mainly cereal straws have been an important feed resource. India is deficient in the supply of fodder, resulting in very low levels of productivity that limit marketable surplus of milk. In Bihar State, over 50% of the land area is planted to rice, and rice straw along with wheat straw and some pulse residues form the main animal feeds. Recent studies in the Indo-Gangetic Plain have highlighted the problem of insufficient fodder and the poor nutritive value of fodder, a problem which becomes more acute in the more eastern parts of the region where agricultural resources–particularly arable land and water–become scarcer. Fodder scarcity affects most farmers but is particularly acute for landless and those with access to only small area of la...

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Cultivation in Bihar, India: Economic Potential and Condition for Adoption

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008

The history of cultivation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in India is quite anci... more The history of cultivation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in India is quite ancient. In one way or other, many of these plants have been an integral part of Indian health and livelihood systems. The MAPs provide opportunities for developing a variety of safe and cost effective, prophylactic, and curative medicines for a number of maladies. It is estimated that the primary health care of over 80 per cent of the world's population still depends on plant based traditional medicines (WHO, 2002). Growing consciousness about health and side effects of modern medicines has again set the stage for innovation and use of herbal medicines. The global market for herbal products is

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Socio-Economic Characterization of Rural Households: A Village Level Analysis in Bihar, India

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015

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Efficient Water Management: Way Forward to Climate Smart Grain Legumes Production

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014

The most important way to increase the grain yield of food legumes per unit area under stress env... more The most important way to increase the grain yield of food legumes per unit area under stress environment should be consist of proper technological backup with infrastructure, timely availability of quality inputs along with policy support. Efficient water management is one of the critical inputs as in general perception is that legumes need no supplementary water, whereas research finding revealed that need based watering at critical stages are capable to improved production by 15-25 % depending up how much stress has already being faced by the standing crop till now.

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Knowledge Index for Measuring Knowledge and Adopting Scientific Methods in Treatment of Reproductive Problems of Dairy Animals

Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012

Reproductive problems among dairy animals are one of the major causes of loss in dairy sector. Th... more Reproductive problems among dairy animals are one of the major causes of loss in dairy sector. These problems can be tackled by imparting appropriate knowledge to the livestock owners. An attempt was made to measure the knowledge of livestock owners by developing a knowledge test on reproductive problems of dairy animals. The study was undertaken in Karnal district of Haryana state, India. Data were solicited from 300 livestock farmers who had at least one milch animal at the time of investigation. In addition to developing schedules for socioeconomic variables, a knowledge test was also developed for measuring knowledge construct. Data were solicited on scientific treatment of affected dairy animals and 59.54% knowledge was observed on reproductive traits. Study indicates that majority of livestock farmers adopted scientific methods for treating their animals. Respondents' age, extension contact and milk production were positively and significantly correlated with knowledge. Therefore, imparting quality practical training and periodical assessment of performance of lay inseminators for improving their skills and knowledge regarding estrus detection and insemination needs to be emphasized. Extension machinery has to be an ideal bridge between research/development institutions and dairy farmers for their catalytic effect (Meena & Malik, 2009). Extensive awareness programs are needed for inculcating scientific outlook among livestock farmers on these complex problems. Easy accessibility of veterinary hospital at village level can reduce the adoption of indigenous technical knowledge in treatment of these complex problems.

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Attitude: A Determinant of Agricultural Graduates’ Participation in Videoconferencing Technology

Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011

The study envisaged to evaluate the attitude of agricultural graduates towards Videoconferencing ... more The study envisaged to evaluate the attitude of agricultural graduates towards Videoconferencing (VC) technology. Study focused at persuasion stage of adoption process of innovations. A Likert-type-scale was developed, which consisted of 23-items. The scale instrument had four sections, viz., training, distance learning, agricultural communication and extension management. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.85) of reliability test was measured. Instrument was administered to randomly selected, seventy agricultural graduates of Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India during 2006-07 academic years. Attitude survey proved insightful with agricultural students. They had positive attitude in applied areas of VC technology, viz. training, distance learning, agricultural communication and extension management. Significant difference between users and non-users of VC technology was observed. Users had significant positive attitude towards VC technology. An enhanced understanding of attitudes is imperative before effective intervention strategies to moderate attitudes for enhancing acceptance and implementation of VC technology. Including transfer of agricultural innovations, VC can be encouraged in services like training, distance education, extension management, communication, administration, health, education and knowledge sharing. For these, infrastructure available within National Agricultural Research System (NARS), India can be effectively utilized for learning and technical counseling. This study adds value to the body of knowledge in evaluation and theory building from attitude perspective. As standard methodology is lacking to comprehend mindset of agricultural students, it will serve foundation for other future investigations.

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Feed and Fodder Value Chains in Bihar: Some Empirical Evidences

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

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