Physics

In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, electrolyte plays a vital role to increase the energy conversion efficiency. The main hurdle is its higher operating temperature (1000°C) which results in design limitation and higher fabrication cost. The calcination temperature for the as-prepared powder was identified using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The crystal structure of the sample was found to exhibit its orthorhombic perovskite structure. The particle size was determined using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope with uniform in shape and size, match with XRD results and confirmed from structural analysis. Thus, the sample prepared via coprecipitation and the electrolyte sintered through microwave can be a promising one for fuel cells operated at lower temperature.

We investigate spin excitations in classical continuum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin systems in both low (one) and higher (two and three) dimensions at different levels of continuum approximation. The spin excitations in one-dimensional anisotropic chains, when the adjacent spins are locked antiparallel, are found during evolution to reduce under appropriate limits to that of isotropic chains reported earlier. For isotropic systems, we unlock the adjacent spins and stereographically project the unit spheres of spins onto complex planes and investigate the underlying spin excitations in the new variable. Both in the case of one-dimensional chains and in higher dimensional antiferromagnets we obtain a class of static planar configurations. 0375-9601/94/$07.00

We investigate spin excitations in classical continuum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin systems in both low (one) and higher (two and three) dimensions at different levels of continuum approximation. The spin excitations in one-dimensional anisotropic chains, when the adjacent spins are locked antiparallel, are found during evolution to reduce under appropriate limits to that of isotropic chains reported earlier. For isotropic systems, we unlock the adjacent spins and stereographically project the unit spheres of spins onto complex planes and investigate the underlying spin excitations in the new variable. Both in the case of one-dimensional chains and in higher dimensional antiferromagnets we obtain a class of static planar configurations. 0375-9601/94/$07.00

We investigate spin excitations in classical continuum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin systems in both low (one) and higher (two and three) dimensions at different levels of continuum approximation. The spin excitations in one-dimensional anisotropic chains, when the adjacent spins are locked antiparallel, are found during evolution to reduce under appropriate limits to that of isotropic chains reported earlier. For isotropic systems, we unlock the adjacent spins and stereographically project the unit spheres of spins onto complex planes and investigate the underlying spin excitations in the new variable. Both in the case of one-dimensional chains and in higher dimensional antiferromagnets we obtain a class of static planar configurations. 0375-9601/94/$07.00

This paper describes the physics of collective excitations that are caused by spin-transfer torques in CFAS magnetic multilayer. When the magnetizations of the pinned and free layers are not collinear with each other, the spin-polarized currents transfer angular momentum to the magnetizations near the interfaces, giving rise to spin-transfer torques. The currents in magnetic multilayer are spin polarised and can carry enough angular momentum. When an electron spin carried by the current interacts with a magnetic layer, the exchange interaction leads to torque between the spin and the magnetization vector of the free layer. This is Spin Transfer Torque (STT) and it excites the magnetization when it is large enough. The Spin Transfer Torque induced collective excitations for the CFAS spin valve pillar have been extensively studied in this paper.