CN113735632B - A magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic control type system for preparing nitrogen fertilizer by air plasma, which comprises a solar power generation device, a magnetic field control device, a plasma reaction device, an oxidation cavity device and a gas absorption pool device, wherein the magnetic field control device is connected with the solar power generation device, the solar power generation device supplies clean electric energy for the magnetic field control device, and the high-voltage end of the plasma reaction device is connected with the solar power generation device. The invention takes air as raw material, and effectively improves the yield of nitrogen oxide generated by plasma by combining magnetic field control and a variable diameter air flow field; converting nitrogen in the air into nitric oxide, further converting the nitric oxide into nitric acid molecules, and combining free ammonia in the agricultural fertilizer to generate stable and easily absorbed ammonium nitrate so as to improve the property of the agricultural fertilizer and serve as a nitrogen fertilizer for crop growth; the equipment is simple and portable, is beneficial to the rural area to use the air temperature plasma for carrying out autonomous nitrogen fixation and fertilizer preparation in a large range, and the reactants are green and pollution-free.

Description

A magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of nitrogen fertilizer preparation, in particular to a magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer.

Background technique

The Haber-Bosch method, which was born in the 19th century, is currently the most widely used and most productive artificial nitrogen fixation method in industry. It can produce about 140 million tons of nitrogen per year, exceeding the total amount of nitrogen fixed by agricultural production and maintaining 40% of the earth's population. food and clothing is the foundation of modern agriculture. However, the annual energy consumption of the Haber nitrogen fixation industry accounts for 2% of the total global energy consumption, 5% of the total natural gas consumption, and emits more than 300 million tons of carbon dioxide. The energy consumption and carbon emissions are extremely high, which seriously affects the global ecological environment. In addition, the ammonium salt synthesized by the Haber method not only has a short period of validity, but also a considerable part of the fertilizer will form highly volatile ammonia gas and escape from the soil after fertilization, which greatly reduces the effectiveness and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in agricultural production costs. In particular, the cost of fertilizers remains high.

On the other hand, with the explosive growth of population and the advancement of the three industrial revolutions, the demand for nitrogen fixation, especially for agricultural nitrogen fertilizers, is getting higher and higher. Since nitrogen fertilizer is a necessity for the production of all agricultural products, and ammonium salts and nitrates are the basis of chemical industry, non-ferrous metallurgy and other industries, the world's demand for nitrogen-containing compounds, especially nitrogen fertilizers, is increasing day by day, and the proportion of industrial nitrogen fixation is also increasing. big.

In recent years, with the in-depth research of new energy power generation and plasma technology, artificial nitrogen fixation technology has also been newly developed. Plasma nitrogen fixation technology is an emerging artificial nitrogen fixation process that is clean, carbon-free, normal temperature and pressure, and easy to operate. It converts nitrogen and oxygen in the air into nitrogen oxides through the action of plasma generated by high-voltage breakdown discharge and air. The raw material required for the plasma nitrogen fixation technology is air, which is sufficient and easy to obtain. Nitric acid (HNO3) formed after the nitrogen oxides are dissolved in water can reduce the pH value of nitrogen-containing organic fertilizers and convert volatile ammonia gas into stable The amount of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) doubles the nitrogen content in agricultural fertilizers and is of extremely high economic value. This method greatly avoids the environmental pollution problems such as large carbon emissions existing in traditional industrial nitrogen fixation methods, and provides a new direction for the development of artificial nitrogen fixation technology.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnetron-type air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer, which utilizes atmospheric pressure air DC glow discharge to form high-stability plasma, combined with magnetic field control, expands the volume of the plasma area, and increases the amount of plasma and air It can solve the problem of low synthesis efficiency of nitrogen oxides in the process of plasma nitrogen fixation. A large amount of nitrogen oxides are oxidized under atmospheric pressure or high-pressure air, and discharged into the absorption tank to form a nitric acid solution. The nitric acid chemically reacts with the free ammonia in the organic fertilizer to generate a stable ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which effectively improves the ability of the fertilizer to be absorbed by plants. nitrogen content.

HNO ₃ +NH ₃ →NH ₄ NO ₃

The above goal of improving nitrogen fixation rate by increasing nitrogen oxide yield is achieved through the following technical solutions: a magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer, which includes a solar power generation device, a magnetic field control device, a plasma reaction device, an oxidation A cavity device and a gas absorption cell device, the magnetic field control device is connected to a solar power generation device, the solar power generation device supplies clean electric energy to the magnetic field control device, the high-voltage end of the plasma reaction device is connected to the solar power generation device, the oxidation The air inlet of the cavity device is connected to the plasma reaction device, and the air outlet of the oxidation chamber device is connected to the gas absorption pool device through a pipeline to form a channel for the conversion of nitrogen oxides to ammonium nitrate.

Preferably, the solar power generation device includes a photovoltaic solar panel, a battery, a pulse generator module, a 100 mA DC power supply module, and an ampere-level DC power supply module, the photovoltaic solar panel is connected to the storage battery, and the pulse generator module is connected to the plasma The body reaction device, the 100 mA DC power module is connected to the plasma reaction device, and the ampere-level DC power module is connected to the magnetic field control device.

Preferably, the magnetic field control device includes a current-carrying solenoid and a toroidal magnetic core, one end of the current-carrying solenoid is connected to an ampere-level DC power supply module, the current-carrying solenoid is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the magnetic field is The control devices are multiple groups of arrays in the form of M×N, and the multiple groups of the magnetic field control devices are communicated via wires.

Preferably, the plasma reaction device includes a tungsten rod electrode, a metal tube electrode, a medium tube, and a displacement control platform. Grounded and connected to the displacement control platform at the lower end. The displacement control platform is used to adjust the position of the tungsten rod electrode. The metal tube electrode is placed on the upper end of the medium tube and is attached to the medium tube. Two sides are provided below the medium tube. The plasma reaction device and the magnetic field control device take the same array form, the bottom of the metal tube electrode is a discharge area, and the annular magnetic core is placed between the dielectric tube and the current-carrying solenoid.

Preferably, the oxidation chamber device includes an oxidation chamber, an air pump, and a control valve, the air pump is connected to the plasma reaction device, and the control valve is provided at the air inlet port and the air outlet port of the oxidation chamber device.

Preferably, the gas absorption pool device includes a primary absorption pool, a secondary absorption pool, and a water pump, and the primary absorption pool is connected to the gas outlet of the oxidation chamber device through a pipeline, and the oxidized nitrogen oxides are dissolved into the solution It becomes a nitric acid solution, the secondary absorption tank is connected to the primary absorption tank, receives the nitric acid solution in the primary absorption tank, and the nitric acid solution captures the free ammonia in the secondary absorption tank.

Preferably, the medium pipe is a variable diameter medium pipe, the side of the medium pipe close to the discharge area is a hollow cone, and the bottom of the medium pipe is a hollow cylinder.

Preferably, the upper and lower electrodes in the plasma reaction device take a rod-rod form or a tube-rod form.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The magnetron air plasma preparation nitrogen fertilizer system uses air as a raw material, and effectively improves the yield of nitrogen oxides generated by plasma by combining magnetic field control and variable diameter air flow field; the nitrogen in the air that cannot be directly used by crops is combined with agricultural fertilizers The neutral free ammonia produces stable and easily absorbed ammonium nitrate, which effectively improves the properties of agricultural fertilizers; the equipment is simple and portable, which is conducive to the use of air-temperature plasma in rural areas for autonomous nitrogen fixation and fertilizer production; the plasma reaction device uses solar energy as the power supply to react It is green and pollution-free, and realizes "zero emission" of carbon, which is in line with the new concept of green development.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a system schematic diagram of a magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer;

FIG. 2 is a schematic working diagram of a plasma reaction device of a magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer.

In the figure: 1. Solar power generation device; 2. Magnetic field control device; 3. Plasma reaction device; 4. Oxidation cavity device; 5. Gas absorption cell device; 6. Photovoltaic solar panel; 7. Battery; 8. Pulse generation 9. 100mA DC power supply module; 10. Ampere level DC power supply module; 11. Current-carrying solenoid; 12. Ring magnetic core; 13. Tungsten rod electrode; 14. Metal tube electrode; 15. 16. Displacement control platform; 17. Oxidation chamber; 18. Air pump; 19. Control valve; 20. Primary absorption pool; 21. Secondary absorption pool; 22. Water pump;

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 . In the present invention, a magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer includes a solar power generation device 1, a magnetic field control device 2, a plasma reaction device 3, an oxidation cavity device 4 and a gas absorption cell device 5, and the magnetic field control device 2 is connected to Solar power generation device 1, solar power generation device 1 supplies clean electric power to magnetic field control device 2, plasma reaction device 3 is connected to the high voltage end of solar power generation device 1, oxidation chamber device 4 The air inlet is connected to plasma reaction device 3, oxidation chamber The gas outlet of the body device 4 is connected with the gas absorption tank device 5 via a pipeline to form a channel for the conversion of nitrogen oxides to ammonium nitrate;

The solar power generation device 1 includes a photovoltaic solar panel 6, a storage battery 7, a pulse generator module 8, a 100 mA DC power supply module 9, and an ampere-level DC power supply module 10. The photovoltaic solar panel 6 is connected to the storage battery 7, and converts solar energy into electrical energy for storage. As the energy source of the magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer; the pulse generator module 8 is connected to the plasma reaction device 3 and is the ignition device of the discharge plasma; the 100mA DC power supply module 9 is connected to the plasma reaction device 3 and is used for Air plasma is maintained; the ampere-level DC power supply module 10 is connected to the magnetic field control device 2 for generating and adjusting the magnetic field.

The magnetic field control device 2 includes a current-carrying solenoid 11 and an annular magnetic core 12. One end of the current-carrying solenoid 11 is connected to the ampere-level DC power supply module 10, and the current-carrying solenoid 11 is energized to generate a magnetic field (the direction of the magnetic field is vertical). direction, from top to bottom or bottom to top), to control the plasma distribution area and increase the interaction area with the air; communicated via wires.

The plasma reaction device 3 includes a tungsten rod electrode 13, a metal tube electrode 14, a medium tube 15, and a displacement control platform 16. The metal tube electrode 14 is connected to the pulse generator module 8, the positive electrode of the 100 mA DC power supply module 9, and the tungsten rod electrode 13 The lower end is connected to the displacement control platform 16; the metal tube electrode 14 is placed on the upper end of the medium tube 15, and is attached to the medium tube 15 as a high-voltage end, wherein the positive and negative polarities of the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14 are interchangeable; the medium tube 15 is provided with There are two air inlets, which are used as gas channels and reaction vessels. The lower end of the medium tube 15 adopts a cylindrical or conical orifice, wherein the conical orifice is conducive to the influx of air into the discharge area 23 of the plasma reaction device 3; the displacement control platform 16 The position of the tungsten rod electrode 13 can be adjusted, the discharge distance can be controlled, and the displacement control platform 16 can be removed, which does not substantially affect the normal operation of the plasma reaction device 3. The plasma reaction device 3 and the magnetic field control device 2 take the same array form, and the two are used together. , the bottom of the metal tube electrode 14 is the discharge area 23, and the annular magnetic core 12 is placed between the dielectric tube 15 and the current-carrying solenoid 11 to enhance the magnetic field strength.

The upper and lower electrodes in the plasma reaction device 3 take the form of rod-rod or tube-rod.

The oxidation chamber device 4 includes an oxidation chamber 17, an air pump 18, and a control valve 19. The air pump 18 is connected to the plasma reaction device 3, and promotes the flow of gas in the system while receiving the air temperature plasma reaction array device 3 to generate nitrogen oxides; The control valve 19 is arranged at the inlet port and the outlet port of the oxidation chamber device 4, and is used for controlling the gas flow of the system.

The gas absorption tank device 5 includes a first-level absorption tank 20, a second-level absorption tank 21, and a water pump 22. The first-level absorption tank 20 is connected to the gas outlet of the oxidation chamber device 4 through a pipeline, and the oxidized nitrogen oxides are dissolved in the solution to become The secondary absorption tank 21 is connected to the primary absorption tank 20 to receive the nitric acid solution in the primary absorption tank 20, and the nitric acid solution captures the free ammonia in the secondary absorption tank 21, and the two react chemically to form stable ammonium nitrate , to convert nitrogen in the air that cannot be directly used by crops into stable and easily absorbed nitrogen fertilizer materials.

The working mode of the magnetron air plasma preparation system for nitrogen fertilizer is described as follows: as shown in Figure 1, first open the valve between the oxidation chamber device 4 and the first-stage absorption tank 20, open the air pump 18, and make the air enter from both sides of the medium pipe 15. The gas port is sucked into the plasma reaction device 3 and flows in the direction of the primary absorption cell 20. At this time, the plasma reaction device 3 is turned on to generate a gas rich in nitric oxide, which enters the oxidation chamber 17, and in the oxidation chamber 17 , nitric oxide fully reacts with the oxygen in the air to generate stable, water-soluble nitrogen dioxide, the mixed gas of nitrogen dioxide and air enters the primary absorption tank 20, and reacts with the water therein to form _HNO3 solution , after reacting with water, the air without nitrogen oxides is discharged from the primary absorption pool 20. At this time, open the valve between the primary absorption pool 20 and the secondary absorption pool 21. The nitric acid solution in the absorption tank 20 is drawn into the secondary absorption tank 21, and reacts with the ammonia-rich farmyard manure to generate _{NH4NO3 .} Finally, the farmyard manure rich in _NH4NO3 is discharged from the secondary absorption tank ₂₁ , It is a nitrogen fertilizer with a high nitrogen content.

In particular, in the present invention, the working mode of the plasma reaction device 3 is described as follows: as shown in Figures 1 and 2, under the action of the air pump 18, the air continues to enter from the gas inlet, and the photovoltaic solar panel 6 converts the solar energy into electrical energy, which is stored in the In the battery 7, a high-voltage pulse is converted through the pulse generator module 8 and applied to the metal tube electrode 14 or the tungsten rod electrode 13 in the plasma reaction device 3, and the air is broken down, and the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube A plasma channel is formed between the electrodes 14. At this time, under the action of the 100mA DC power supply module 9, the plasma between the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14 can be stably maintained, and the pulse generator module 8 is turned off. At this time, the current-carrying solenoid 11 is driven by the ampere-level DC power supply module 10, and a magnetic field is generated in the axial direction of the plasma reaction device 3. Under the action of the magnetic field, the plasma between the tungsten rod electrode 13 and the metal tube electrode 14 is The volume of the body is enlarged, which increases the volume of interaction with air, thereby improving the yield of nitrogen oxides and reducing energy consumption. The finally generated nitrogen oxides gas flows out of the plasma reaction device 3 along the direction of the metal tube electrode 14 and enters the oxidation chamber 17.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (1)

1. A magnetic control type air plasma nitrogen fertilizer preparation system is characterized in that: the device comprises a solar power generation device (1), a magnetic field control device (2), a plasma reaction device (3), an oxidation cavity device (4) and a gas absorption pool device (5), wherein the magnetic field control device (2) is connected with the solar power generation device (1), the solar power generation device (1) supplies clean electric energy for the magnetic field control device (2), the high-voltage end of the plasma reaction device (3) is connected with the solar power generation device (1), the gas inlet of the oxidation cavity device (4) is connected with the plasma reaction device (3), and the gas outlet of the oxidation cavity device (4) is connected with the gas absorption pool device (5) through a pipeline to form a channel for converting nitrogen oxides to ammonium nitrate;

the solar power generation device (1) comprises a photovoltaic solar panel (6), a storage battery (7), a pulse generator module (8), a hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module (9) and an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module (10), wherein the photovoltaic solar panel (6) is connected with the storage battery (7), the pulse generator module (8) is connected with a plasma reaction device (3), the hundred milliampere direct-current power supply module (9) is connected with the plasma reaction device (3), and the ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module (10) is connected with a magnetic field control device (2); the magnetic field control device (2) comprises a current-carrying solenoid (11) and a circular magnetic core (12), one end of the current-carrying solenoid (11) is connected with an ampere-magnitude direct-current power supply module (10), the current-carrying solenoid (11) is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field control device (2) is a plurality of groups of M x N-shaped arrays, and the plurality of groups of magnetic field control devices (2) are communicated through conducting wires;

the plasma reaction device (3) comprises a tungsten rod electrode (13), a metal tube electrode (14), a medium tube (15) and a displacement control platform (16), the metal tube electrode (14) is connected with the positive electrodes of the pulse generator module (8) and the milliampere direct-current power supply module (9), the tungsten rod electrode (13) is grounded, the lower end of the tungsten rod electrode is connected with a displacement control platform (16), the displacement control platform (16) is used for adjusting the position of the tungsten rod electrode (13), the metal tube electrode (14) is arranged at the upper end of the medium tube (15), is jointed with the medium pipe (15), two air inlets are arranged at two sides below the medium pipe (15), the plasma reaction device (3) and the magnetic field control device (2) adopt the same array form, the bottom of the metal tube electrode (14) is a discharge area (23), and the circular magnetic core (12) is arranged between the medium tube (15) and the current-carrying solenoid (11);

the oxidation cavity device (4) comprises an oxidation cavity (17), an air pump (18) and a control valve (19), wherein the air pump (18) is connected with the plasma reaction device (3), and the control valve (19) is arranged at an air inlet port and an air outlet port of the oxidation cavity device (4); the gas absorption tank device (5) comprises a primary absorption tank (20), a secondary absorption tank (21) and a water pump (22), wherein the primary absorption tank (20) is connected with an air outlet of the oxidation cavity device (4) through a pipeline to dissolve oxidized nitrogen oxides into a solution to be changed into a nitric acid solution, the secondary absorption tank (21) is connected with the primary absorption tank (20) to receive the nitric acid solution in the primary absorption tank (20), and the nitric acid solution captures free ammonia in the secondary absorption tank (21); the medium tube (15) is a variable-diameter medium tube, one side of the medium tube (15) close to the discharge area (23) is a hollow cone, and the bottom of the medium tube (15) is a hollow cylinder; the upper and lower electrodes in the plasma reaction device (3) are in a rod-rod form or a tube-rod form.

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