The Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised is one of the most widely used measures of i... more The Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised is one of the most widely used measures of individual differences for the emotion of disgust. It consists of 2 subscales: disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity. This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Japanese version of the revised Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale. Japanese participants (N = 1067) completed the scale as well as the Padua Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Positive and Negative Affective Schedule. The participants were divided into 3 samples: Sample 1 (n = 481, mean age = 23.05, 186 males and 295 females); Sample 2 (n = 492, mean age = 20.27, 243 males and 249 females); and Sample 3 (n = 94, mean age = 22.68, 35 males and 58 females). We combined Samples 1 and 2 (n = 973, mean age = 21.66, 429 males and 544 females), and then created 2 subsamples to ensure the mutual independence of the samples used for two different factor analyses: subsample 1 (n = 486, mean age = 21.86, 199 male and 287 female) for exploratory factor analysis and subsample 2 (n = 487, mean age = 21.40, 230 male and 257 female) for confirmatory factor analysis. We examined test-retest reliability using Sample 3, and construct validity using Samples 1, 2, and the combined sample. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the item-factor structure of the Japanese Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised was identical to the English version. Moreover, the scale showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity for empirical support as provided by correlational analyses. Results revealed adequate psychometric properties of the scale. This study provided the first examples of empirical support for the DPSS-R-J.
This study clarifies the psychological basis for the linkage between adult attachment and the tex... more This study clarifies the psychological basis for the linkage between adult attachment and the texture response on the Rorschach by examining the mediational role of the accessibility of tactile knowledge. Japanese undergraduate students (n = 35) completed the Rorschach Inkblot Method, the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale for General Objects (Nakao & Kato, 2004) and a lexical decision task designed to measure the accessibility of tactile knowledge. A mediation analysis revealed that the accessibility of tactile knowledge partially mediates the association between attachment anxiety and the texture response. These results suggest that our hypothetical model focusing on the response process provides a possible explanation of the relationship between the texture response and adult attachment.
Background: Subthreshold depression is highly prevalent in the general population and causes grea... more Background: Subthreshold depression is highly prevalent in the general population and causes great loss to society especially in the form of reduced productivity while at work (presenteeism). We developed a highly-structured manualized eight-session cognitive-behavioral program with a focus on subthreshold depression in the workplace and to be administered via telephone by trained psychotherapists (tCBT).
Rorschachiana: Journal of The International Society for The Rorschach, 2010
We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment ... more We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that -at least in Japan -T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.
Rorschachiana: Journal of The International Society for The Rorschach, Dec 2013
This study examined an underlying mechanism of the relationships among Rorschach texture response... more This study examined an underlying mechanism of the relationships among Rorschach texture responses and adult attachment dimensions (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance), focusing on the vividness of tactile imagery and emotion as mediators. In Study 1, Japanese undergraduate students (n = 20) completed the Rorschach and the Vividness of Tactile Imagery Scale. A poisson regression analysis revealed that greater vividness of tactile imagery was associated with an increased number of texture responses. In Study 2, Japanese undergraduate students (n = 224) completed the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale for the Generalized Other and the Vividness of Tactile Imagery Scale. A path analysis revealed that attachment avoidance weakened the strength of emotional responses accompanying the generation of tactile imagery, and greater emotional responses enhanced the vividness of tactile imagery. These results suggest the possibility that attachment avoidance indirectly reduces texture responses on the Rorschach.
EMSs (early maladaptive schemas) may influence general health status and the development and main... more EMSs (early maladaptive schemas) may influence general health status and the development and maintenance of some psychiatric disorders. This study investigated whether early maladaptive schemas act as a mediator in the relationship between autistic traits and general health status in non-clinical adults. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was used. The AQ (Autism-Spectrum Quotient), YSQ (Young Schema Questionnaire), and GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) were administered to a non-clinical sample of 342 university students (N = 342,238 women and 112 men; mean age = 21.36 years, SD = 5.17). We found a significant relationship between autism spectrum traits and mental health, completely mediated by EMSs. Thus, higher autism spectrum trait scores predicted higher EMSs scores, which in turn predicted poorer mental health. Early maladaptive schemas appear to account for the mental health problems suffered by adults with autism spectrum traits. There are no additional data available.
This study investigated the differences in early maladaptive schemas between adult outpatients wi... more This study investigated the differences in early maladaptive schemas between adult outpatients with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (n = 48) and a non-clinical controls (n = 86). Both groups completed the Young Schema Questionnaire. There were significant differences between the groups in all the early maladaptive schemas, except self-sacrifice and approval/recognition seeking. Logistic regression analysis revealed that early maladaptive schemas such as insufficient self-control, emotional deprivation, and vulnerability to harm and illness significantly discriminated between the groups, suggesting that some early maladaptive schemas are more important than others for depicting the characteristics of adults with autism spectrum disorder.
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Papers by Kazunori IWASA