Aaron Krowne

An initial evaluation of automated organization for digital library browsing

Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries - JCDL '05, 2005

... Thus, digital li-braries with special or otherwise sought-after collections can make their me... more

An Architecture for Multischeming in Digital Libraries

Icadl, 2003

In this paper we discuss the problem of handling many classification schemes within the context o... more In this paper we discuss the problem of handling many classification schemes within the context of a single digital library concurrently, which we term multischeming. We discuss how to represent which category describes an object in the digital library in this system, as well as the workings of the browsing process which is performed by the user. We motivate this problem as related to digital library interoperability, and propose an architecture for representation of classification schemes in the digital library which solves the problem. We also discuss its implementation in the CITIDEL project.

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QMSearch: A Quality Metrics-aware Search Framework

Ariadne, 2006

... Author Details. Aaron Krowne Woodruff Library Emory University Email: akrowne@emory.edu Web s... more

An Architecture for Multischeming in Digital Libraries

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003

In this paper we discuss the problem of handling many classification schemes within the context o... more In this paper we discuss the problem of handling many classification schemes within the context of a single digital library concurrently, which we term multischeming. We discuss how to represent which category describes an object in the digital library in this system, as well as the workings of the browsing process which is performed by the user. We motivate this problem as related to digital library interoperability, and propose an architecture for representation of classification schemes in the digital library which solves the problem. We also discuss its implementation in the CITIDEL project.

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The cyberinfrastructure for scholars project

Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Digital libraries - JCDL '07, 2007

Combined searching of web and oai digital library resources

Proceedings of the 2004 joint ACM/IEEE conference on Digital libraries - JCDL '04, 2004

We describe an experiment in combined searching of Web pages and digital library resources, expos... more We describe an experiment in combined searching of Web pages and digital library resources, exposed via an open archives metadata provider and Web gateway service. We utilize only free/open source software components for our investigation, in order to demonstrate feasibility of deployment for all institutions.

Building digital libraries from simple building blocks

Online Information Review, 2003

Metadata harvesting has been established by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) as a viable mechan... more Metadata harvesting has been established by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) as a viable mechanism for connecting a provider of data to a purveyor of services. The Open Digital Library (ODL) model is an emerging framework which attempts to break up the services into appropriate components based also on the basic philosophy of the OAI model. This framework has been applied to various projects and evaluated for its simplicity, extensibility and reusability to support the hypothesis that digital libraries (DLs) should be built from simple Web Service-like components instead of as monolithic software applications.

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Disciplining Search/Searching Disciplines: Perspectives from Academic Communities on Metasearch Quality Indicators

First Monday, 2006

Abstract â Quality Metricsâ is an IMLSâfunded research project which aims to address longsta... more

Building a Digital Library the Commons-based Peer Production Way

D-Lib Magazine, 2003

This article defines the digital library setting as it relates to commons-based peer production (... more This article defines the digital library setting as it relates to commons-based peer production (CBPP) (1). Motivations for selecting the CBPP method in this setting will be discussed, and the challenges of CBPP will be described. The Noosphere system will be presented as a case study to demonstrate CBPP digital library system design. Specific aspects addressed include: how an &quot;economy

A scholia-based document model for commons-based peer production

by Joe Corneli and Aaron Krowne

Free Culture and the Digital Library Symposium Proceedings, 2005

Commons-based peer production is a term that describes authorship of shared information resource... more Commons-based peer production is a term that
describes authorship of shared information resources. In this
article we examine the technical aspects of writing-in-common.
We begin with a simple model: that of text and commentary.
This scholia-based model emphasizes ownership of speech and freedom of speech. We then consider what happens when the freedom to create derivative versions is added to the mix. The resulting model proves to be quite sophisticated, and flexible enough to describe many different commons-based peer production systems. We provide an overview of our implementation of this model, and suggest some ideas for subsequent work. We conclude by discussing the implications of our model for distributed authorship and writing.

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The fog of copyleft

by Aaron Krowne and Raymond Puzio

First Monday, 2006

In this paper we question the notion of using copyleft, in its current form, as the principle con... more In this paper we question the notion of using copyleft, in its current form, as the principle contractual framework of free culture. We argue that there are many flaws in the copyleft concept and its execution which are beginning to immerse free culture activity in a "fog" of danger and uncertainty. The main feature of copyleft which is causing problems is its "license lock" aspect, while the main problem with the execution of copyleft is the exercise of too much control by license authors. We give examples from our own experiences with PlanetMath, as well as the free culture community in general, to illustrate. Finally, we provide a wide array of solutions to the problem, ranging from immediately-usable legalistic ones to long-term societal transformations.

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Adapting CBPP platforms for instructional use

by Aaron Krowne and R. Milson

Computing Research Repository, 2005

Commons based peer-production (CBPP) is the de-centralized, net-based approach to the creation an... more Commons based peer-production (CBPP) is the de-centralized, net-based approach to the creation and dissemination of information resources. Underlying every CBPP system is a virtual community brought together by an internet tool (such as a web site) and structured by a specific collaboration protocol. In this talk we will argue that the value of such platforms can be leveraged by adapting them for pedagogical purposes.

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Automatic Invocation Linking for Collaborative Web-Based Corpora

Collaborative online encyclopedias or knowledge bases such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becomi... more Collaborative online encyclopedias or knowledge bases such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becoming increasingly popular because of their open access, comprehensive and interlinked content, rapid and continual updates, and community interactivity. To understand a particular concept in these knowledge bases, a reader needs to learn about related and underlying concepts. In this chapter, we introduce the problem of invocation linking for collaborative encyclopedia or knowledge bases, review the state of the art for invocation linking including the popular linking system of Wikipedia, discuss the problems and challenges of automatic linking, and present the NNexus approach, an abstraction and generalization of the automatic linking system used by PlanetMath.org. The chapter emphasizes both research problems and practical design issues through discussion of real world scenarios and hence is suitable for both researchers in web intelligence and practitioners looking to adopt the techniques. Below is a brief outline of the chapter. Problem and Motivation. We first introduce the problem of invocation linking for online collaborative encyclopedia or knowledge bases. An online encyclopedia consists of multiple entries. An invocation link is a hyperlink from a term or phrase in an entry representing a concept to another entry that defines the concept. It allows a reader easily “jump” to requisite concepts in order to fully understand the current one. We refer to the term or phrase being linked from as link source and the entry being linked to as link target. The problem of invocation linking is how to add these invocation links in an online encyclopedia in order to build a semantic concept network. State of the Arts. We review the state of arts for the invocation linking in current online encyclopedia and knowledge bases. The existing approaches can be mainly classified into: 1) manual linking where both the link source and link target are explicitly defined by the user (such as blog software), 2) semi-automatic linking where the link source are explicitly marked by the user but the link target is determined automatically (such as Wikipedia), and 3) automatic linking where both the link source and link target are determined automatically. We discuss the representative systems for each approach and illustrate their advantages and disadvantages. We will also review potential technologies such as web search and recommender systems and discuss their applicability for invocation linking. Automatic Invocation Linking. We advocate in this chapter the automatic linking approach as we believe that the manual and semi-automatic approaches are an unnecessary burden on contributors, and in addition, require continuous re-inspection of the entire corpus by writers or other maintainers for a growing and dynamic corpus. We discuss the challenges and design goals for developing such an automatic linking system including linking quality, efficiency and scalability, and generalization to multiple corpus. NNexus Approach. In particular, we present the NNexus system, an automatic linking system that we have developed as an abstraction and generalization of the linking component of PlanetMath (planetmath.org), PlanetPhysics(planetphysics.org), and other sites. We discuss a number of key features and design ideas of NNexus in addressing the challenges for invocation linking. NNexus provides an effective linking scheme utilizing metadata to automatically identify link sources and link targets. It achieves good linking quality with a classification-based link steering approach and an interactive entry filtering component. It achieves good efficiency and scalability by its efficient data structures as well as a mechanism for efficiently updating the links between entries that are related to newly defined or modified concepts in the corpus. Finally, its implementation utilizes OWL and has a simple interface, which allows for an almost unlimited number of online corpora to interconnect for automatic linking. Conclusions and Open Issues. We close the chapter by discussing a set of interesting issues and open problems for invocation linking.

NNexus: An Automatic Linker for Collaborative

In this paper, we introduce NNexus, a generalization of the automatic linking engine of Noosphere... more In this paper, we introduce NNexus, a generalization of the automatic linking engine of Noosphere (at PlanetMath.org) and the first system that automates the process of linking disparate "encyclopedia" entries into a fully-connected conceptual network. NNexus facilitates the extension of this functionality to multiple knowledge bases of this sort (such as Wikipedia and MathWorld) and to web-based information environments in general. We discuss the challenges of the problem space of linking in collaborative corpora, the approaches taken by NNexus, some aspects of evaluation, and ongoing and future directions of research.

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NNexus: an automatic linker for collaborative web-based corpora

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2009

Collaborative online encyclopedias or knowledge bases such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becomi... more Collaborative online encyclopedias or knowledge bases such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becoming increasingly popular. We demonstrate NNexus, a generalization of the automatic linking engine of PlanetMath.org and the first system that automates the process of linking disparate "encyclopedia" entries into a fully-connected conceptual network. The main challenges of this problem space include: 1) linking quality (correctly identifying which terms to link and which entry to link to with minimal effort on the part of users), 2) efficiency and scalability, and 3) generalization to multiple knowledge bases and web-based information environment. We present NNexus that utilizes subject classification and other metadata to address these challenges and demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency through multiple real world corpora.

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NNexus: Towards an Automatic Linker for a Massively-Distributed Collaborative Corpus

by Aaron Krowne and Li Xiong

Collaborative online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becoming increasingly pop... more Collaborative online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becoming increasingly popular. In order to understand an article in a corpus a user must understand the related and underlying concepts through linked articles. In this paper, we introduce NNexus, a generalization of the automatic linking component of Planet-Math.org and the first system that automates the process of linking encyclopedia entries into a semantic network of concepts. We discuss the challenges, present the conceptual models as well as specific mechanisms of NNexus system, and discuss some of our ongoing and completed works.

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NNexus: An Automatic Linker for Collaborative Web-Based Corpora

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2009

Collaborative online encyclopedias or knowledge bases such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becomi... more Collaborative online encyclopedias or knowledge bases such as Wikipedia and PlanetMath are becoming increasingly popular. We demonstrate NNexus, a generalization of the automatic linking engine of PlanetMath.org and the first system that automates the process of linking disparate "encyclopedia" entries into a fully-connected conceptual network. The main challenges of this problem space include: 1) linking quality (correctly identifying which terms to link and which entry to link to with minimal effort on the part of users), 2) efficiency and scalability, and 3) generalization to multiple knowledge bases and web-based information environment. We present NNexus that utilizes subject classification and other metadata to address these challenges and demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency through multiple real world corpora.

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Authority Models for Collaborative Authoring

We define an authority model, in the context of CSCW, as the characteristics of the system that d... more We define an authority model, in the context of CSCW, as the characteristics of the system that determine who has control over objects in the system, and how this control manifests. In this paper we present two natural authority mod- els (free-form and owner-centric) and, employing an empirical study, explore the question "which authority model is best for collaborative, commons-based

Harvesting: Broadening the Field of Distributed Information Retrieval

This chapter argues that in addition to federated search and gathering (as by Web crawlers), harv... more This chapter argues that in addition to federated search and gathering (as by Web crawlers), harvesting is an important approach to address the needs for distributed IR. We highlight the use of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, illustrating its use in three projects: OAD, NDLTD, and CITIDEL. We explain how traditional services can be extended in a user-centered fashion, providing details of our new: ESSEX search engine, multischeming browsing, and quality-oriented filtering (using rules and SVMs). We conclude with an overview of work in progress on logging and component architectures, as well as a summary of our findings.

The XML log standard for digital libraries: analysis, evolution, and deployment

We describe current efforts and developments building on our proposal for an XML log standard for... more

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