Faculty of Sport and Physical Education

Cilj ovog rada je da se ispitaju razlike u pojedinim dimenzijama self-koncepta adolescentkinja i adolescenata u zavisnosti od bavljenja sportom, kao i da se utvrdi koji specifični domeni samovrednovanja najviše doprinose opštem samovrednovanju adolescentkinja i adolescenata koji se bave, odnosno, ne bave sportom. U istraživanju je učestvovalo ukupno 400 ispitanika ranog adolescentskog uzrasta oba pola (235 adolescentkinja i 164 adolescenta) podeljenih dalje u poduzorke sportista i nesportista. Primenjena je adaptirana verzija upitnika Profil samopercepcije za adolescente koja sadrži devet subskala. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da adolescenti i adolescentkinje koji se bave sportom povoljnije procenjuju sebe u većini ispitivanih aspekata self-koncepta u odnosu na vršnjake koji se ne bave organizovano sportom. Bavljenje sportom posebno pozitivno utiče na self-koncept adolescenata muškog pola. Rezultati multiple regresione analize nedvosmisleno ističu značaj procene fizičkog izgleda u opštem samovrednovanju adolescenata oba pola, nezavisno od toga da li se bave sportom ili ne.

Volleyball is a complex sport activity, which sets before its players numerous requirements relating the space of motor and intellectual abilities. The issue is the following: what is the relation between these two subsystems of anthropological space and/or are there are any differences in motor and intellectual functioning, between the population of female volleyball players and girls who do not train volleyball? A research of motor and intellectual abilities was carried out on the sample of 383 girls from the territory of Vojvodina, and the following towns: Subotica, Zrenjanin, Klek, Sremska Mitrovica, Sremski Karlovci and Novi Sad, years old, out of which 194 do not practice organized physical activities and 189 volleyball players (at least three years in training process. The objective of the research was to establish specific features of young female volleyball players, in motor and intellectual functioning, in relation to the girls that do not practice organized physical activity. Testing of the structural differences in motor and intellectual functioning of two groups of girls was performed by application of canonical discriminant analysis, so we can conclude that there are differences on the qualitative level. Variables which mainly contributed to differences are the following: estimation of flexibility, speed of alternative arm movements, coordination and explosive strength of legs. On the sample of 15 -16 year old girls, the difference between two groups on subjects and/or variable which are at the very top according to the significance of influences based on which the groups are discriminated, are variables for estimation of coordination and intellectual abilities, and which are known to be of a great significance for sport outplaying, to which we are directed as by analysis of the structure of moving so by analysis of situations in volleyball.

Assessing jump efficiency in the process of selection of young female volleyball players is very important for global success in a volleyball game. In volleyball, jump is oriented towards the vertical component with the final goal of maximum reach with one or two hands. Many factors have influence upon the jump efficiency in a volleyball play, but the most important is explosive force of legs. On the sample of 54 young female volleyball players, selected from the population of young female volleyball players from the city of Novi Sad, we analyzed influence of leg types on the jump efficiency. Leg types were detected by the method of Napolen Wolansky and the jump efficiency by the three standard motor tests: Standing long jump, Block jump and Spike jump. Jump efficiency of young female volleyball players which depends on the leg types, was analyzed by the Discriminant analysis. The result of analysis indicate that the young female volleyball players with 'O'-type of legs were most efficient in the standing long jump, whereas the young female volleyball players with 'N'-type of legs (normal) showed the highest efficiency in the two tests of vertical jump. Female volleyball players with the 'X'-type of legs had minimum jump efficiency in both types of jumps, vertical and horizontal.

Effective and efficient movement is fundamental to sports performance. Movement binds together all of the skills of a game into a coherent flow. Sport -specific training program can induce peculiar neuromechanical adaptations that are commonly considered as signs of aquisition and/or improvement of a specific movement skill. An athlete's anthropometric and physical characteristics may represent important prerequisites for successful participation in any given sport. Twenty one collegiate volleyball players, (age 19.85 +/-0.83 years; height 181.67 +/-12.03 cm; weight 72.62 +/-12.99 kg; training experience 6.76 +/-2.21 years), were recruited for this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of the impact of body height and weight on the specific motor abilities of volleyball players. The following tests were performed: Block jump, Spike jump, Standing broad jump, Jelka test, Ttest, 93639 m test, Obstacle course backwards, Arm plate tapping and Dash 20 m. Regression analysis from package SPSS 15.0 was used for data processing. The results showed that body height and weight had a statistically significant impact on the expression of specific motor abilities of volleyball players. Indeed, it can be assumed that an athlete's anthropometric characteristics can in some way influence his/her level of performance, at the same time helping to determine a suitable physique for a certain sport.

Volleyball is an open skill sport with explosivedynamic muscle actions, jumping ability and speed in executing rapid, multidirectional movements. Twenty one collegiate volleyball players, (age 19.85 +/-0.83 years; height 181.67 +/-12.03 cm; weight 72.62 +/-12.99 kg; training experience 6.76 +/-2.21 years), were recruited for this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between leg muscle qualities and change of direction speed. The following tests were performed: Block jump, Spike jump, Standing broad jump, Jelka test, Ttest, 93639 m test, and Dash 20 m. Pearson's coefficient of correlation from package SPSS 15.0 was used for data processing. The results showed that vertical jump abilities, straight sprinting speed and change of direction speed are distinct physical qualities. Therefore, training and testing these extremly important abilities for performance of volleyball players should be highly specific.

Aerobic capacity is a general parameter of all metabolic processes in the body, representing the overall work capacity of an athlete. In order to evaluate their aerobic capacity, we studied some of the functional abilities of male judokas and compared them with 1 st and 4 th year students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine fitness profiles of top-level female judokas of the Serbian national team and to find which physical and physiological characteristics separate the more successful from less successful athletes. Methods. Sixteen elite female judokas of the Serbian national team (weight categories from 48-78 kg) took part in the study. The participants were allocated in two experimental groups (Group A and Group B) according to their achievements in previous international competitions. Group A (top-quality performers) consisted of eight judokas who won at least one or more individual medals in international competitions in the last five years. Group B (sub-elite athletes) consisted of eight athletes who had not won any individual medals internationally. Anthropometric and physical fitness values (including body fat, muscle strength, aerobic and anaerobic fitness) were measured in all subjects. Results. Group A had significantly lower fat mass as compared to group B (P<0.05). The differences between the two groups for aerobic fitness were non-significant after normalizing maximal oxygen uptake (V . O 2max ) for lean body mass (P>0.05). The differences between two groups were significant for bench press and seated-row pull with superior results recorded for elite athletes as compared to sub-elite counterparts (P<0.05). Significant differences between groups were found in number of throws during specific judo fitness test (SJFT) and lactate concentrations 5 minutes post-exercise (La 5) (P<0.05). Conclusion. The present study indicates that a strong relationship exists between body fat, strength and performance level in elite female judo. KEY WORDS: Muscle strength -Exercise test -Martial arts. Vol. 62, N. 3 MEDICINA DELLO SPORT 251 RIASSUNTO Obiettivo. L'obiettivo di questo studio era di determinare I profili di fitness di judoka di sesso femminile di massimo livello della squadra nazionale della Serbia e di individuare quali caratteristiche fisiche e fisiologiche permettano di distinguere le atlete di maggior successo da quelle di livello inferiore. Metodi. Sedici judoka d'elite di sesso femminile della squadra nazionale della Serbia (categorie di peso da 48-78 kg) hanno preso parte allo studio. Le partecipanti sono state suddivise in due gruppi sperimentali (Gruppo A e Gruppo B) in base ai loro risultati conseguiti nelle precedenti competizioni internazionali. Risultati. Il Gruppo A (atlete di massimo livello) era costituito da otto judoka che avevano vinto almeno una o più medaglie individuali in competizioni internazionali negli ultimi cinque anni. Il Gruppo B (atlete di "sub-elite") era costituito da otto atlete che non avevano precedentemente vinto alcuna medaglia individuale in campo internazionale. I valori di fitness antropometrici e fisici (tra cui, il grasso corporeo, la forza muscolare, la fitness aerobica ed anaerobica) sono Functional evaluation area Area valutazione funzionale MED SPORT 2009;62:251-63 DRID PROFILES OF ELITE FEMALE JUDOKAS

Aim. The main aim was to study physiological adaptations to a 8 week precompetitive training period performed by elite female judo athletes. Methods. Eleven female judokas (19.9±3.9 years, 60.5±8.8 kg, 164±7.8 cm) participated in the study. Maximal strength (seated row, bench-press, squat), anaerobic fitness and maximal aerobic power were measured before and after training period. The training period consisted of 8-week of sport-specific exercise. It was devided in two 4-week periods, with 3:1 periodization model (3 weeks of gradual load increase, followed by one week of reduced load), aimed to improve general physical fitness and sport specific condition, respectively. Results. Significant improvements were observed in strength and anaerobic fitness parameters (P<0.05), with the degree of change between 8.8% and 28.1% for seated row and mean anaerobic power, respectively. Conclusion. These results suggest that precompetitive training period can affect anaerobic energy system. In addition, greater emphasis on aerobic conditioning may be required. KEY WORDS: Physical fitness -Muscle strength -Martial arts. Vol. 62, N. 4 MEDICINA DELLO SPORT 415

A battery of 4 school-readiness tests and 16 motor tests were administered in a sample of 660 preschool children (333 male and 327 female) just about to enroll in the first grade, in order to analyze the effects of kindergarten period on school readiness and motor abilities. The sample of children was divided into six groups according to sex and duration kindergarten attendance (kindergarten period of 5 years, 3 years and 8-9 months). Study results showed the entire education and motor activities in kindergarten to contribute significantly to school-readiness and motor abilities ofchildren. The highest school readiness was found in the children that attended kindergarten for the longest period, whereas lowest school readiness was recorded in children that attended kindergarten for only one academic year or less before enrolling in the first grade.

An experimental treatment was carried out in a sample of 117 preschool children by applying kinesiologic activities. The treatment lasting for 60 minutes was applied for a period of 9 months, twice a week. Control group of 139 children were trained according to the program for preschool institutions. Treatment effects were assessed by 7 motor ability tests, one intellectual test (Raven&#39;s Colored Progressive Matrices) and 36-item questionnaire for assessing aberrant behavior, which was filled out by parents. Aberrant behavior reduced significantly when motor abilities improved through systematic exercise. These findings point to the importance of motor exercise and applying additional kinesiologic activities with various modalities to reduce aberrant behavior in preschool children.

The aim of the study was to identify differences between trained and untrained subjects with respect to body composition and motor abilities. Two groups of subjects participated in the study: young judoists (110 boys and 56 girls) and their untrained mates (115 boys and 60 girls), aged 11 to 16 years, all from the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Young male judoists proved significantly better than their untrained mates in repetitive and static strength exercises, running speed, whole-body coordination, and had lower subcutaneous fat tissue of the upper arm. Young female judoists were significantly better in repetitive strength, whole-body coordination and plate tapping, chest girth and stretched upper arm, and also had lower subcutaneous fat tissue of the upper arm and back.