Computer Information System

The Object-Oriented (OO) software system evolves over the time to meet the new requirements. Based on the initial release of software, the continuous modification of software code leads to software evolution. Software needs to evolve over the time to meet the new user’s requirements. Software companies often develop variant software of the original one depends on customers’ needs. The main hypothesis of this paper states that the software when it evolves over the time, its code continues to grow, change and become more complex. This paper proposes an automatic approach (Iris) to examine the proposed hypothesis. Originality of this approach is the exploiting of the software variants to study the impact of software evolution on the software metrics. This paper presents the results of experiments conducted on three releases of drawing shapes software, sixteen releases of rhino software, eight releases of mobile media software and ten releases of ArgoUML software. Based on the extracted software metrics, It has been found that Iris hypothesis is supported by the computed metrics.

The choice of an effective student assessment method is an issue of interest in Higher Education. Various studies [1] have shown that students tend to get higher marks when assessed through coursework-based assessment methods which include either modules that are fully assessed through coursework or a mixture of coursework and examinations than assessed by examination alone. There are a large number of educational data mining (EDM) studies that pre-process data through conventional data mining processes including data preparation process, but they are using transcript data as they stand without looking at examination and coursework results weighting which could affect prediction accuracy. This paper proposes a different data preparation process through investigating more than 230,000 student records in order to prepare students' marks based on the assessment methods of enrolled modules. The data have been processed through different stages in order to extract a categorical factor through which students' module marks are refined during the data preparation process. The results of this work show that students' final marks should not be isolated from the nature of the enrolled module's assessment methods. They must rather be investigated thoroughly and considered during EDM's data pre-processing phases. More generally, it is concluded that educational data should not be prepared in the same way as other data types due to differences as data sources, applications, and types of errors in them. Therefore, an attribute, coursework assessment ratio (CAR), is proposed to be used in order to take the different modules' assessment methods into account while preparing student transcript data. The effect of CAR on prediction process using the random forest classification technique has been investigated. It is shown that considering CAR as an attribute increases the accuracy of predicting students' second-year averages based on their first-year results.

Millions of mosques around the world are suffering some problems such as ventilation and difficulty getting rid of bacteria, especially in rush hours where congestion in mosques leads to air pollution and spread of bacteria, in addition to unpleasant odors and to a state of discomfort during the pray times, where in most mosques there are no enough windows to ventilate the mosque well. This paper aims to solve these problems by building a model of smart mosques' domes using weather features and outside temperatures. Machine learning algorithms such as k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Decision Tree (DT) were applied to predict the state of the domes (open or close). The experiments of this paper were applied on Prophet's mosque in Saudi Arabia, which basically contains twenty-seven manually moving domes. Both machine learning algorithms were tested and evaluated using different evaluation methods. After comparing the results for both algorithms, DT algorithm was achieved higher accuracy 98% comparing with 95% accuracy for k-NN algorithm. Finally, the results of this study were promising and will be helpful for all mosques to use our proposed model for controlling domes automatically.

Software companies usually develop a set of product variants within the same family that share certain functions and differ in others. Variations across software variants occur to meet different customer requirements. Thus, software product variants evolve overtime to cope with new requirements. A software engineer who deals with this family may find it difficult to understand the evolution scenarios that have taken place over time. In addition, software identifier names are important resources to understand the evolution scenarios in this family. This paper introduces an automatic approach called Juana's approach to detect the evolution scenario across two product variants at the source code level and identifies the common and unique software identifier names across software variants source code. Juana's approach refers to common and unique identifier names as a software identifiers map and computes it by comparing software variants to each other. Juana considers all software identifier names such as package, class, attribute, and method. The novelty of this approach is that it exploits common and unique identifier names across the source code of software variants, to understand the evolution scenarios across software family in an efficient way. For validity, Juana was applied on ArgoUML and Mobile Media software variants. The results of this evaluation validate the relevance and the performance of the approach as all evolution scenarios were correctly detected via a software identifiers map. Index Terms-Software engineering, software evolution, software identifiers map, formal concept analysis, software product variant.

Mosques are worship places of Allah and must be preserved clean, immaculate, provide all the comforts of the worshippers in them. The prophet's mosque in Medina/ Saudi Arabia is one of the most important mosques for Muslims. It occupies second place after the sacred mosque in Mecca/ Saudi Arabia, which is in constant overcrowding by all Muslims to visit the prophet Mohammad's tomb. This paper aims to propose a smart dome model to preserve the fresh air and allow the sunlight to enter the mosque using artificial intelligence techniques. The proposed model controls domes movements based on the weather conditions and the overcrowding rates in the mosque. The data have been collected from two different resources, the first one from the database of Saudi Arabia weather's history, and the other from Shanghai Technology Database. Congested Scene Recognition Network (CSRNet) and Fuzzy techniques have applied using Python programming language to control the domes to be opened and closed for a specific time to renew the air inside the mosque. Also, this model consists of several parts that are connected for controlling the mechanism of opening/closing domes according to weather data and the situation of crowding in the mosque. Finally, the main goal of this paper has been achieved, and the proposed model has worked efficiently and specifies the exact duration time to keep the domes open automatically for a few minutes for each hour head.

Requirements engineering process intends to obtain software services and constraints. This process is essential to meet the customer's needs and expectations. This process includes three main activities in general. These are detecting requirements by interacting with software stakeholders, transferring these requirements into a standard document, and examining that the requirements really define the software that the client needs. Functional requirements are services that the software should deliver to the end-user. In addition, functional requirements describe how the software should respond to specific inputs, and how the software should behave in certain circumstances. This paper aims to develop a software requirements specification document of the electronic IT news magazine system. The electronic magazine provides users to post and view up-to-date IT news. Still, there is a lack in the literature of comprehensive studies about the construction of the electronic magazine software specification and design in conformance with the contemporary software development processes. Moreover, there is a need for a suitable research framework to support the requirements engineering process. The novelty of this paper is the construction of software specification and design of the electronic magazine by following the Al-Msie'deen research framework. All the documents of software requirements specification and design have been constructed to conform to the agile usage-centered design technique and the proposed research framework. A requirements specification and design are suggested and followed for the construction of the electronic magazine software. This study proved that involving users extensively in the process of software requirements specification and design will lead to the creation of dependable and acceptable software systems.