Papers by salmabanu luhar
Materials Proceedings
The concepts of sustainability and waste utilization have received urgent attention in the Europe... more The concepts of sustainability and waste utilization have received urgent attention in the European construction industries. Material selection plays a vital role in the manufacturing process of sustainable building construction. The general objective of this study is the transformation of waste diabase mud into a value-added product. The diabase mud was characterized, and different parameters were selected for the cement, as well as the metakaolin in the mixture. This paper includes analytical research results of a geopolymer paste embedded with diabase mud waste material as its precursor, and a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as its alkaline activators to form a geopolymeric system. The compressive strength of the optimum mix sample was recorded as 14.0 MPa at 72 h. The embedding of a diabase mud into a geopolymer resulted in a viable composite for use in the construction industry.
A Green Conception in the Construction Sector: Incorporation of E-waste into Concrete
Materials
There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the ... more There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperat...
Fly Ash and Slag Based Geopolymer Concrete
During 1978, French scientist Joseph Davidovits has invented "Geopolymer" by the proces... more During 1978, French scientist Joseph Davidovits has invented "Geopolymer" by the process of Geopolymerisation-a green chemistry. Recent and forthcoming researches in geopolymer technology will revolutionize construction industry and will coerce a novel era of green construction materials through replacement of OPC by GPC. The geopolymer concrete has been accepted as a more durable “green” concrete with less energy consumption and nine time less emission of Carbon Dioxide compared to OPC concrete, which in turn, results in mitigation to global warming- a fiery dilemma. This book is an attempt to understand Fly ash and slag based Geopolymer concrete in detail which include an extensive experimental studies on effect of various parameters viz. ratio of Sodium Silicate to Sodium Hydroxide solution, addition of water, rest period, curing temperatures, curing time, different curing methods, addition of super plasticisers on Fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete. The final p...
The present manuscript stands for the review on the topic of durability attribute of concretes de... more The present manuscript stands for the review on the topic of durability attribute of concretes developed by means of green conception with incorporation of a variety of solid industrial waste slag from Ground Granulated Blast Furnace, silica fume, rice husk ash, pulverised fly ash, glass powder waste as well as materials that have undergone recycling in order to know its degree of sustainability. It is highly sought-after to transform these types of waste into a precious adding up materials in place of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in building-up of Green concrete with affordable cost and more essential with a little carbon footprint. How far these Green concept concretes have succeeded in context to its durability characteristic is the principal focus of this review study. There prevails an enormous demand for cost-effective construction materials for offering enough residences and infrastructure networks to get rid of the burgeoning population on the planet earth. The centre of a...
A Review Paper on Self Healing Concrete
Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 2015
Crack formation is very common phenomenon in concrete structure which allows the water and differ... more Crack formation is very common phenomenon in concrete structure which allows the water and different type of chemical into the concrete through the cracks and decreases their durability, strength and which also affect the reinforcement when it comes in contact with water, CO2 and other chemicals. For repairing the cracks developed in the concrete, it requires regular maintenance and special type of treatment which will be very expansive. So, to overcome from this problem autonomous self-healing mechanism is introduced in the concrete which helps to repair the cracks by producing calcium carbonate crystals which block the micro cracks and pores in the concrete. The selection of the bacteria was according to their survival in the alkaline environment such as B. pasteurii, Bacillus subtilis and B. spharicus which are mainly used for the experiments by different researchers for their study. The condition of growth is different for different types of bacteria. For the growth, bacteria we...
Journal of Composites Science
The discovery of an innovative class of inorganic polymers has brought forth a revolution in the ... more The discovery of an innovative class of inorganic polymers has brought forth a revolution in the history of construction technology. Now, no energy-intensive reactions at elevated temperatures are essential, as found in the case of contemporary cement production. In addition to their attributes of low energy and a mitigated carbon footprint, geopolymeric composites can incorporate diversely originated and profound wastes in their manufacturing. As of today, profoundly accessible landfills of rubber tyre waste negatively impact the environment, water, and soil, with many health hazards. Their nonbiodegradable complex chemical structure supports recycling, and toxic gases are emitted by burning them, leading to aesthetic issues. These, altogether, create great concern for well-thought-out disposal methods. One of the achievable solutions is processing this waste into alternative aggregates to thus generate increased economic value whilst reducing primary aggregate consumption through ...
Valorization of geopolymer paste containing wastes glass
It is a universal fact that concrete is one of the most employed construction materials and hence... more It is a universal fact that concrete is one of the most employed construction materials and hence its exigency is booming at a rocket pace, which in turn, has resulted in a titanic demand of ordinary Portland cement. Regrettably, the production of this essential binder of concrete is not merely found to consume restricted natural resources but also found to be associated with emission of carbon dioxide—a primary greenhouse gas (GHG) which is directly answerable to earth heating, resulting in the gigantic dilemma of global warming. Nowadays, in order to address all these impasses, researchers are attracted to innovative Geopolymer concrete technology. However, crack development of various sizes within the concrete is inevitable irrespective of its kind, mix design, etc., owing to external and internal factors viz., over-loading, exposure to severe environments, shrinkage, or error in design, etc., which need to be sealed otherwise these openings permits CO2, water, fluids, chemicals,...
Concrete Technology : At A Glance
A revolution of concrete technology right from Roman concrete – Opus caementicium to modern tradi... more A revolution of concrete technology right from Roman concrete – Opus caementicium to modern traditional concrete is eye-witnessed by humanity and today it can be considered as a backbone of development. Concrete is the basis for most buildings and structural projects since the ancient Romans era by virtue of its sustainability, strength, and prolonged durability. It is one of the oldest and most extensively used construction materials on the sphere as it exhibits lots of optimistic attributes. No building material on the earth is as versatile as it is! That is exactly why its gigantic exigency exists across the planet. Consequently, its global production jumps 10 billion tons annually.This book describes, briefly, not merely conventional but also some special types of modern concrete in context to its constituent aggregates, mix design, terminology, applications, cement with its chemistries, pozzolanic mineral admixtures and construction chemicals, etc. Also, the challenges standing...
In this study, compressive strength of dredged marine sand concrete have been studied in detail. ... more In this study, compressive strength of dredged marine sand concrete have been studied in detail. Two concrete grades were used: M25 and M40. Three different mixes containing 100% natural sand river, 50% natural sand river and 100% replacement of natural sand by dredged marine sand were used. The main aim of the study was to determine that whether or not dredged marine sand can be used as a replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. The result of compressive strength test showed that dredged marine sand provides the concrete with sufficient amount of strength and that it can be used as a substitute of fine aggregate in concrete.
Sustainability
Unfortunately, the production of cement impacts pessimistically on environments since it emits CO... more Unfortunately, the production of cement impacts pessimistically on environments since it emits CO2—a principal Green House Gas (GHG)—encouraging the earth-heating dilemma. Moreover, it necessitates not only high temperature produced by the devouring of narrow natural mineral coal resources to obtain very high amounts of energy, but it also gulps down natural limestone deposits as a raw material that is found confined in nature to obtain intense energy. Quite recently, geopolymerisation—an exothermic process, through which geopolymeric binders can be produced by synthesis of a pozzolanic precursor rich in Alumina and Silica, for an instant, Fly Ash, with alkali solution for activation in an alkali medium at a low temperature and low operational energy—is recognized as a brilliantly promising alternative to conventional cement. That means, no elevated temperature and higher energy consuming reactions are essential any more as found associated with contemporary cement production. This ...
Materials
Currently, novel inorganic alumino-silicate materials, known as geopolymer composites, have emerg... more Currently, novel inorganic alumino-silicate materials, known as geopolymer composites, have emerged swiftly as an ecobenevolent alternative to contemporary ordinary Portland cement (OPC) building materials since they display superior physical and chemical attributes with a diverse range of possible potential applications. The said innovative geopolymer technology necessitates less energy and low carbon footprints as compared to OPC-based materials because of the incorporation of wastes and/or industrial byproducts as binders replacing OPC. The key constituents of ceramic are silica and alumina and, hence, have the potential to be employed as an aggregate to manufacture ceramic geopolymer concrete. The present manuscript presents a review of the performance of geopolymer composites incorporated with ceramic waste, concerning workability, strength, durability, and elevated resistance evaluation.
Buildings
Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential bu... more Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure pro...
Durability performance evaluation of green geopolymer concrete
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
The present manuscript is a state-of-the-art review, which examines the most recent stages in the... more The present manuscript is a state-of-the-art review, which examines the most recent stages in the developments of the class of eco-efficient green geopolymer concrete technology in the light of its...
The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal
This research paper presents a scientific attempt of a comprehensive systematic review of three-d... more This research paper presents a scientific attempt of a comprehensive systematic review of three-dimensional printing in geopolymer construction technology. The concept of 3D printing is an automated manufacturing process, layer- by- layer command, with computer-aided design model to create physical objects, acquiring swift development for the last few decades. An expansion of novel Geopolymer technology has been adopted in the construction and infrastructure industries for decades. The critical challenges of construction and infrastructure industries, such as the need for architectural, holistic, and rational designs, can be dealt with 3D printing techniques. Plentiful advantages of this emerging novel technology include a reduced amount of cost, ease of construction, a lesser amount of time, freedom of design, less wastage, aptitude to create complex structures, decrease in labor requirements, etc. Accordingly, The paper discusses common 3D techniques, such as Fused Deposition Mode...
Performance evaluation of Ultrahigh performance fibre reinforced concrete – A review
Construction and Building Materials
Abstract Ultrahigh performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a newfangled cement-based ma... more Abstract Ultrahigh performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a newfangled cement-based material unveiling a compressive strength of more than 150 MPa, higher tensile and flexural strengths, ductility as well as admirable durability. This review of the past researches on diverse influential features is vital in obtaining fundamental data for its viability for the application. Consequently, this study aimed to review the available literatures on UHPFRCs that examine the attributes of ideal UHPFRC, such as mechanical properties viz., compressive, tensile and flexural strengths; mixing proportions and environment friendliness; curing regimes; effect of specimens size on its compressive, flexural and tensile strength as well as loading rate; effects of fibre properties – type, geometry, length, and volume fractions, orientation and quantity attributes of UHPFRC is endeavoured along with relevant discussion. Subsequently, the best UHPFRC mixture was determined to be obtainable with 2% to 3% of steel fibre content and water/cement ratio of
Incorporation of natural waste from agricultural and aquacultural farming as supplementary materials with green concrete: A review
Composites Part B: Engineering
Abstract The principal objective of this review manuscript is to reassess the studies on the inco... more Abstract The principal objective of this review manuscript is to reassess the studies on the incorporation of emerging natural wastes from agricultural farming (NWAGF) and natural wastes from aquacultural farming (NWAQF) as supplementary material in the development of diverse green concretes. Intending to dispose off or at least prevent these types of wastes from converting to heaps of health hazards, the systematic consumption of them is essential. This paper reviews applications of some of the natural wastes of agriculture farming obtained from Bamboo; Corn or Maize; Barley; Wheat; Olive; Bananas or Plantains; Elephant grass; Sisal; and Date or Date Palm, as well as of aquaculture farming achieved from Oyster and Mussel along with Periwinkle shells to utilize it as partial replacement of aggregates or binder in green concrete. Thus, systematic applications of these wastes will not only facilitate to preserve restricted natural resources of accustomed aggregates of concrete but also lend a hand to solve the predicaments of landfilling and health hazards owing to its disposal in open spaces. Replacement of OPC by these wastes escorts to mitigate CO2 emissions into the atmosphere which, in turn, provides relief to global warming. This paper also reviews the effect of the said wastes on the workability, strength and durability performance of the green concrete. The principal findings of this review revealed that NWAGF and NWAQF as supplementary materials could be successfully incorporated through partial replacement of OPC or fine or coarse aggregates in producing green concrete mixtures facilitating to protect environments from contaminations. Nonetheless, a momentous inevitability is experienced to comprehend it more appositely. The best verdict of this review paper state that even though the addition of NWAGF and NWAQF in green concrete demonstrated some of the attributes inauspiciously, but suitable treatment techniques and proper selection of these supplementary materials would unquestionably smooth the progress of the production of green concrete with enhanced performances. Novel updated data to know a variety of NWAGF and NWAQF are essential for the incorporation of apposite supplementary materials to develop environmental friendly sustainable green concrete that not merely conserve the severe degradation of restricted natural resources but also shield from the pessimistic impact on environments, air, groundwater, soils, etc.
Sustainability
The concept of sustainability and the utilization of renewable bio-based sources have gained prom... more The concept of sustainability and the utilization of renewable bio-based sources have gained prominent attention in the construction industry. Material selection in construction plays a significant role in design and manufacturing process of sustainable building construction. Several studies are being carried out worldwide to investigate the potential use of natural fibres as reinforcement in concrete with its noticeable environmental benefits and mechanical properties. 3D printed concrete (3DPC) is another emerging technology, which has been under-developed for the past decade. The integration of reinforcement is one of the major challenges in the application of this new technology in real-life scenario. Presently, artificial fibres have been used as a reinforcement material for this special printable concrete mixture. However, natural fibre composites have received significant attention by many 3DPC constructions due to their lightweight energy conservation and environmentally fri...
A review paper on self healing concrete
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Papers by salmabanu luhar