The term "new surveillance" refers to the technologically enhanced forms that extend our unaided ... more The term "new surveillance" refers to the technologically enhanced forms that extend our unaided senses ("the old surveillance") and cognitive abilities and that have expanded in power and scale so significantly in the last half-century. 1.5 Data Collection and Analysis .
Undercover investigations are a common, although not dominant feature of law enforcement in the U... more Undercover investigations are a common, although not dominant feature of law enforcement in the United States. A popular cartoon nicely illustrates the central features of one type of investigation. Next to a sign reading ‘Do not feed the bears,’ a park ranger wearing a bear’s costume gives a ticket to a couple who have just fed the ‘bear,’ not realizing that it was a trick. This is a facilitative operation in which authorities provide the opportunity for the rule to be broken. This contrasts with intelligence operations in which the goal is to find out information about a crime that has already occurred. An example of the latter is an officer in plainclothes who befriends a suspect in a bar in an effort to learn about a particular crime. These in turn contrast with preventive operations in which authorities believe that a crime is to be committed and then take actions to stop it, for example, posing as clerks in a targeted jewelry store. Arguments supportive of and in opposition to covert police means are discussed.
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