Book and Digital Media Studies

Type de publication: Collectif Directrice d'ouvrage: Keller-Rahbé (Edwige) Directeurs d'ouvrages adjoints: Pommier (Henriette), Régnier-Roux (Daniel) Résumé: À l'intersection de plusieurs disciplines-histoire du livre, histoire du droit, histoire de la littérature et histoire de l'art-, les contributions réunies dans cet ouvrage proposent des chemins de lecture pour aborder les privilèges de librairie, en France et en Europe aux XVI et XVII siècles. Nombre de pages: 539

Adriaan van der Weel Adriaan van der Weel is a Bohn professor in the Book and Digital Media Studies MA Programme at Leiden University, where he lectures on publishing, digital media technology, and the history of information transmission. He serves on the editorial boards of Brill's Scholarly Communication book series, Digital Humanities Quarterly, Bibliologia, and Book History (published annually by SHARP), and on the scholarly board of the Scaliger Research Institute at Leiden University. In the beginning of 2010 Van der Weel took on the position of guest-editor-in-chief of Logos. He is author of Changing our textual minds: Towards a digital order of knowledge, forthcoming from Manchester University Press in 2011, and co-editor of the fi rst volume in Brill's Scholarly Communication book series (brill.nl/sc), Text Comparison and Digital Creativity (Brill, 2010).

Ever since their appearance in the early 1990s, hypertext novels were presented as the pinnacle of digital aesthetics and claimed to represent the revolutionary future of literature. However, as a literary phenomenon, hypertext novels have remained marginal. The article presents some scientifically derived explanations as to why hypertext novels do not have a mass audience and why they are likely to remain a marginal contribution in the history of literature. Three explanatory frameworks are provided: (1) how hypertext relates to our cognitive information processing in general; (2) the empirically derived psychological reasons for how we read and enjoy literature in particular; and (3) the likely evolutionary origins of such a predilection for storytelling and literature. It is shown how hypertext theory, by ignoring such knowledge, has yielded misguided statements and uncorroborated claims guided by ideology rather than by scientifically supported knowledge.

Throughout the Western world digital communication technology is rapidly invading a knowledge system based on centuries of print. Of late there has been considerable attention for some less attractive effects of this invasion. For example, Nicholas Carr’s The shallows (2010) and Sherry Turkle’s Alone together(2011) each see technological inventions unintendedly but infallibly targeting our weakest spots as human beings, appealing to a natural tendency to intellectual and social laziness. Both authors stress the undeniable fact that technology affects us — and strongly so. But about the extent to which technology actually determines social consequences the jury is still out. In Carr’s mind there is no doubt that we are already falling for the allurements of digital communication technology hook, line, and sinker. Turkle, on the other hand, likes to believe that people can (and ought to) draw a line and actively resist their darker effects.

The evolution of our literate culture across the millennia has been marked by clearly identified and well-documented milestones in the history of reading and writing technologies. Changes in literacy, understood as the sum of reading and writing practices, have always followed such milestones at some remove. Not only are they much more diffuse in character and much harder to identify and describe, but they stand in a tenuous cause-and-effect relationship to the technologies in question. This article makes a plea for a stronger awareness of the effects of technology on our literate culture. Reading has always received a fair amount of attention (with the history of reading being a prominent subdiscipline of the field of book studies), but it should be recognized that its corollary, authorship, is a central, and, as digital technology is becoming ubiquitous—at least in the Western world—, increasingly important part of our literate culture, too. With Web 2.0 technology enabling more p...

Leiden University Centre for the Arts in Society Witte Singel-complex, P.N. van Eyckhof 4, 2311 BV Leiden E-mail: a.h.van.der.weel@hum.leidenuniv.nlŠiame esė apmąstomas šiandienos knygų pasaulyje pastebimas konfliktas tarp leidėjų, tenkinančių įprastinio skaitymo ir knygų pirkimo įpročius, ir skaitytojų, kurie nemano, kad juos turėtų varžyti knygininkystės tradicijos ir papročiai. Leidėjams daug kartų knygos istorijoje teko pritaikyti savo veiklą prie nežinomų naujos skaitančios publikos lūkesčių. Šie kintantys lūkesčiai palietė ir skaitymo turinį („apie ką“), ir formą („kaip“). Internetinė galvosena reikalauja ne tik prieigos daugialypiame interneto kontekste, kuriame tekstas užima tokią pat vietą kaip muzika, filmai ir vaizdo įrašai arba žaidimai, bet ir galimybes rasti turinį ištisą parą kiekvieną dieną tiesiogiai internete at­liekant viso teksto paiešką tiesiogiai. Interneto vartotojas įsitaisė kaip voras grubiame personalizuotų kompiuterio programų tinkle, jis susikūrė buveinę,...

The aim of this paper is to reach a level of conceptual clarity about what we call a book. The motivation for this exercise lies in the desire to chart the trajectory of the book as a cultural phenomenon in light of the gradual move to shorter textual expression that is taking place alongside the delivery of stories in other forms besides text. For this purpose the article takes a historical perspective without, however, attempting to chart all the phases in the development of the book. Concurrently with the move to shorter textual expression, in the digital reading environment the basic elements of the 1964 UNESCO definition of the book (printed, a minimum number of pages) have had to be left behind. Alongside the arrival of new publishing business models, the entire notion of the book is in jeopardy. This set of developments calls for a fundamental reconsideration of how we define a book in relation to other book-like objects and text forms. The approach taken is iterative, moving closer towards a definition of the book whilst acknowledging the arrival of offspring such as the ebook and audiobook.

Digital technologies offer tremendous opportunities with respect to information access, storage and transmission, and digital reading environments offer ways to present information that are difficult or impossible to attain in text on paper. This is significantly changing the ways we read. Digital materials can be adapted to each individual’s skill level, enabling flexible learning processes to accommodate the particular needs and developments of each reader. At the same time, empirical research indicates that the affordances of screens may also foster less advantageous reading developments, habits and mind sets.This warrants balancing the discourse on possibilities and advantages of digital technologies. To this purpose ‘Evolution of Reading in the Age of Digitisation’ (E-READ) — a research initiative funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science & Technology) as Action IS1404 — has brought together almost 200 scholars and scientists of reading, publishing, and literacy from acro...

Аннотация. Цифровизация всех сфер жизнедеятельности общества в XXI столетии принесла существенные изменения практик и форм чтения. Наряду с традиционным (аналоговым, чтением с листа) возник и получил широкое распространение новый способ чтения и восприятия текста, так называемый цифровой формат чтения (компьютерный, электронный, с экрана). Он меняет характер взаимодействия читателя с текстом, обладает потенциальными возможностями (социальное чтение) и рисками (цифровое неравенство). В этой связи возрастает значимость деятельности библиотек (а также учреждений культуры, образования) в приобщении социума к новой цифровой грамотности и нивелировании негативных последствий цифрового неравенства. Целью статьи является изучение специфики развития чтения в современном мире, обоснование характерных особенностей чтения с листа и с экрана. Для этого приводятся различные точки зрения ученых на своеобразие читательской деятельности в различных форматах, эффективность восприятия печатного и электронного текста; анализируются и обобщаются результаты исследовательских проектов, проводимых во многих странах мира, по выявлению характерных черт, возможностей, рисков и перспектив развития традиционного и цифрового чтения. Делаются следующие выводы: в настоящее время возникли и продолжают эволюционировать экранные читательские практики. Чтение в цифровой среде как новый способ общения посредством электронных текстов динамично меняет коммуникационную среду, убыстряя и упрощая доступ потребителя к информации, обладает многими возможностями и преимуществами, трансформирует читательские навыки и привычки социума. Более того, на новом технологическом этапе развития оно возрождает к жизни социальное чтение, обостряет цифровое неравенство, ведя ко вторичному ментальнокогнитивному цифровому разрыву, модифицирует индивидуальный опыт чтения современников. Ключевые слова: традиционное чтение, цифровое чтение, социальное чтение, цифровое неравенство, цифровой разрыв, библиотеки, цифровая среда Для цитирования: Лизунова И. В., ван дер Вил А., Гарсия-Фебо Л., Пшеничная Е. В. Чтение с листа или c экрана? Преимущества, недостатки, цифровое неравенство // Библиосфера. 2020. № 3. С. 45-57.

The book unbinding 7[-]Adriaan van der Weel and Joost Kircz[-][-]'I read the titles on the spines and remember'[-]The unbound reader of the future 19[-]Arianne Baggerman[-][-]What a book was and what remains[-]Thoughts about the future of trade publishing 31[-]Miha Kova [-][-]Social reading is no longer an oxymoron 45[-]Bob Stein[-][-]81,498 words[-]The book as data object 57[-]Bernhard Rieder[-][-]Bound to be a book[-]Towards print as multimedia and e-books as paperbacks 71[-]Florian Cramer[-][-]Digital readers' responsibilities 81[-]Alain Giffard[-][-]The digitisation of narrative reading[-]Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence 91[-]Anne Mangen[-][-]E-reading essentials in a time of change and unfixity 107[-]Ray Siemens and Corina Koolen et al.[-][-]Electronic environments for reading[-]A select annotated bibliography of pertinent hardware and software (2011) 117[-]Corina Koolen, Alex Garnett, Ray Siemens et al.[-][-]Writing differently in the digital era[-...

When it comes to book-length texts, readers around the world continue to display a preference for print over screens. This article speculates about the possible reasons why digitisation has not (yet) affected the printed book the way it has other media. Among the reasons advanced are emotional and sentimental attachment at a personal level; the long history of prestige of printed books at a social level; the fixity of print, which answers better to the embodied nature of human cognition than the ephemerality and fluidity of the immaterial digital text; and the unconscious appreciation that the investment required for the production of material goods is likely to act as a publication membrane filtering out the most worthless texts. To this may be added a certain weariness about the virtual world which seems to have set in more recently.