Mechanical engg

The following research paper describe the use of genetic algorithm for operating system process scheduling problem. The scheduling problem is consider as NP hard problem. Genetic algorithm is consider as meta heuristic optimization tool. The main aim of genetic algorithm is to adapt itself according to the problem under consideration. The power of genetic algorithm is depends upon its operators such as crossover, mutation, inversion, reproduction etc. crossover operator has exploitive property. In this paper we use different type of cross over operator with constant crossover and mutation probability. The convergence state, adaptability and performance of genetic algorithm is varying according to the crossover and mutation operator used.

A s India is hailed as the next superpower, do its political credentials stand up to scrutiny? Is its record on governance and development up to the challenge of its newfound reputation? India has been a democracy for over six decades. In this time it has achieved some remarkable successes but also failed in signifi cant ways. While economic growth has been rapid over recent decades, this has not translated into greater welfare for the majority of the Indian population. Despite being severely critical of its politicians, the electorate however remains enthusiastic in its political participation, especially at elections.

A s India is hailed as the next superpower, do its political credentials stand up to scrutiny? Is its record on governance and development up to the challenge of its newfound reputation? India has been a democracy for over six decades. In this time it has achieved some remarkable successes but also failed in signifi cant ways. While economic growth has been rapid over recent decades, this has not translated into greater welfare for the majority of the Indian population. Despite being severely critical of its politicians, the electorate however remains enthusiastic in its political participation, especially at elections.

Dimethoate, a broad spectrum OP insecticide is a potential toxic pollutant, adversely affecting the fauna of aquatic ecosystem. The aim of present study was to assess the acute toxicity of dimethoate on fingerlings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The fingerlings were exposed to dimethoate to determine LC values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and to study the behavioural alterations. The mortality data obtained was 50 analyzed by LC software program of U.S. EPA based on Finney's Probit Analysis statistical method and was 50 found to be 1.84, 1.78, 1.68 and 1.61 mg/L respectively. The test fish exhibited erratic swimming, increased surfacing, decreased rate of opercular movement, copious mucous secretion, reduced agility and inability to maintain normal posture and balance with increasing exposure time. Dissolved oxygen content of the troughs was measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to assess the impact of toxicant exposure on oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption of exposed fishes showed significant decline at all concentrations. It is concluded that dimethoate is highly toxic to fingerlings of common carp and severely affects their physiology and behaviour.

Temperature has significant influence on physio-chemical responses of all living organisms including fish. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on dimethoate toxicity (96 h static bioassay) to freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Fish mortality data were recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and analysed using EPA Probit analysis, Version 1.5, software based on Finney's Probit Analysis method to calculate LC values. The 96 h LC values at temperatures, 17.16±0.78°C (January) and 27.50±1.50°C 50 50 (August) were found to be 14.39 mg l and 2.98 mg l respectively. Alterations in behavioural responses, 1 1

In the modern wireless communication systems, antennas of multiple bands, smaller size and wider bandwidth are high in demands to meet the requirement of multiple applications. This has initiated the research in new antenna fields; fractal antenna theory is one among them. Its unique properties such as selfsimilarity and space filling lead to multiband and size reduction characteristics. Due to smaller size and multiband characteristics fractal antenna has drawn the attention of researchers. Fractal antennas have more electrical length, improved SWR and impedance in a reduced physical area. The aim of this work is to design an antenna of square shape with swastika slot for multiband characteristics and efficient gain. The proposed fractal antenna has the dimensions of 22mm x 22mm. The antenna is fabricated on FR4epoxy substrate with dielectric constant ( r ) =4.4 and thickness 1.5676mm, which is easily available in market and cheap, thus making antenna cost effective. The structure has been designed using four swastika shapes in between two square rings on two sides. In this antenna only single iteration with the scaling factor 0.5 has been done to see the effect of iteration on the geometry. The designing and simulation of the antenna has been done using Ansoft HFSS software. The designed antenna resonates at seven different frequencies 4.9GHz, 5.8GHz, 8GHz, 13.8GHz, 22.3GHz, 26GHz and 27.6GHz. The Gains at these frequencies are 5.8099dBi, 1.6628dBi, -2.0782dBi, 3.6563dBi, 4.7219dBi, 5.2740dBi and 7.0985dBi respectively. This antenna can be used in different C and Ku band applications such as satellite and long distance telecommunication.

In this paper we present our solution to extract albedo of branded labels for e-commerce products. To this end, we generate a large-scale photo-realistic synthetic data set for albedo extraction followed by training a generative model to translate images with diverse lighting conditions to albedo. We performed an extensive evaluation to test the generalisation of our method to in-the-wild images. From the experimental results, we observe that our solution generalises well compared to the existing method both in the unseen rendered images as well as in the wild image. Our data set is publicly available for research purpose 1.