Depertment of Pharmacy

This study was designed to evaluate larvicidal bioassay of different extracts of Mallotus repandus against Culex quinquefasciatus and insecticidal bioassay against Sitophilus oryzae in the laboratory. In larvicidal bioassay, methanol extract of leaf, petroleum ether extract of leaf and methanol extract of stem showed good LC50 values (median lethal time) found in three consecutive days (24, 48 and 72 hours). Methanol extract of leaf showed the highest larvicidal activity in each specific time interval. Moreover, the extract also exhibited dose dependent lethal time effect (LT50). In insecticidal bioassay, among all extracts ethyl acetate extract of stem showed the highest insecticidal activity after 24 and 48 hours while petroleum ether extract of leaf exhibited the highest insecticidal activity in 72 hours. Ethyl acetate extract of stem also showed dose dependent LT50. Highly significant (P < 0.0001) relationship between different hours and LC50 values were found in both bioassays. These findings suggest that the extracts have potential toxicity against both insects.

LARVICIDAL AND INSECTICIDAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF MALLOTUS REPANDUS (WILLD.) MUELL.- ARG. LEAF AND STEM AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AND SITOPHILUS ORYZAE LINN. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270404604_LARVICIDAL_AND_INSECTICIDAL_EFFECTS_OF_DIFFERENT_EXTRACTS_OF_MALLOTUS_REPANDUS_%28WILLD.%29_MUELL.-_ARG._LEAF_AND_STEM_AGAINST_CULEX_QUINQUEFASCIATUS_SAY_%28DIPTERA_CULICIDAE%29_AND_SITOPHILUS_ORYZAE_LINN._%28COLEOPTERA_CURCULIONIDAE%29 [accessed Apr 11, 2015].

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder typified by symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, and rhinorrhea. Histamine plays important roles in eliciting AR symptoms. Up-regulation of the histamine H 1 receptor (H1R) and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNAs was observed in AR patients. Th2 cytokines are also involved in the pathogenesis of AR. We examined the effect of suplatast tosilate on nasal symptoms, and H1R, HDC, and IL-4 gene expression using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized rats and HeLa cells expressing endogenous H1R. Provocation with TDI increased nasal symptoms, HDC activity, the histamine content of nasal lavage fluid, and the expression of H1R, HDC, and IL-4 mRNAs in TDI-sensitized rats. Pretreatment with suplatast for 2 wk significantly suppressed TDI-induced nasal symptoms and elevation of H1R, HDC, and IL-4 mRNAs. Suplatast also suppressed HDC activity in the nasal mucosa and the histamine content of the nasal lavage fluid. Bilateral injection of IL-4 into the nasal cavity of normal rats up-regulated H1R mRNA, while intranasal application of histamine up-regulated IL-4 mRNA. Suplatast suppressed IL-4-induced up-regulation of H1R mRNA in HeLa cells. However, it did not inhibit histamine-induced H1R mRNA elevation. These results suggest that suplatast alleviates nasal symptoms by inhibiting histamine signaling in TDI-sensitized rats through the suppression of histamine-and IL-4-induced H1R gene expression by the inhibitions of HDC and IL-4 gene transcriptions, respectively.

Early chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is an ideal disease for immunotherapy. We previously showed that SEMG 1 is a cancer-testis (CT) antigen in CLL. In this study, SEMG 1 was applied as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid system of a testicular cDNA library. Seven clones were isolated and Protamine (Prm) 1 was identified as a novel CT antigen in early CLL. PRM1 transcripts were detected in 11/41 (26·8%) patients. Prm 1 protein was also expressed but heterogeneously within individual patients. Of the 11 patients expressing Prm 1, four expressed Zap 70 protein and seven did not. These results, therefore, indicate that Prm 1 could potentially be a suitable target for the design of tumour vaccine for patients with early CLL, including for those with poor risk CLL. High titres of Prm 1 IgG antibodies could be detected in 20 of these 41 CLL patients but not in any of the 20 healthy donors (P = 0·0001), suggesting the presence of Prm 1-reactive immune responses within the immune repertoire of patients with early CLL. Further work is warranted, especially in approaches to upregulate Prm 1 expression, and to determine the role of Prm 1 as an immunotherapeutic target for early CLL.

Histamine plays major roles in allergic diseases and its action is mediated mainly by histamine H 1 receptor (H1R). We have demonstrated that histamine signaling-related H1R and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) genes are allergic diseases sensitive genes and their expression level affects severity of the allergic symptoms. Therefore, compounds that suppress histamine signaling should be promising candidates as anti-allergic drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of the extract from the bark of Albizia lebbeck (AL), one of the ingredients of Ayruvedic medicines, on H1R and HDC gene expression using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) sensitized allergy model rats and HeLa cells expressing endogenous H1R. Administration of the AL extract significantly decreased the numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing. Pretreatment with the AL extract suppressed TDI-induced H1R and HDC mRNA elevations as well as [ 3 H]mepyramine binding, HDC activity, and histamine content in the nasal mucosa. AL extract also suppressed TDI-induced up-regulation of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA. In HeLa cells, AL extract suppressed phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-or histamine-induced up-regulation of H1R mRNA. Our data suggest that AL alleviated nasal symptoms by inhibiting histamine signaling in TDI-sensitized rats through suppression of H1R and HDC gene transcriptions. Suppression of Th2cytokine signaling by AL also suggests that it could affect the histamine-cytokine network.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide, in solubility and dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble etoricoxib (ETC), a specific cyclooxygenage II inhibitor by inclusion complex formation. The ETC-β-CD inclusion complexes were prepared by freeze drying (FD) and co-precipitation (CP) methods in 1:1 molar ratio while a physical mixture (PM) of same molar ratio was obtained by simple blending for comparison. To assess the feasibility of inclusion complex formation, the ETC-β-CD binding or association constant (K c ) was determined using the principle of Higuchi and Connors phase solubility method. Physicochemical characterization of the complexes was done by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), simultaneous differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry (DTA/TG/DTG), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolution profiles of the complexes were studied in distilled water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium. K c value was 489.59 1/mol and it indicates suitability of ETC-β-CD complex formation in 1:1 molar ratio to enhance aqueous solubility of the drug. The characterization studies confirmed the formation of complexes of etoricoxib within the non-polar cavity of β-CD. Dissolution percentage (DP) and dissolution efficiency (DE) of the complexes increased greatly as compared to pure etoricoxib powder and the physical mixture. FD complex was superior in term of dissolution than CP. Poorly soluble etoricoxib can reveal better solubility and dissolution performance through complexation with β-CD by the specified methods.

Chitosans are naturally occurring biologically safe and non-toxic polymer of polysaccharides. In the present study, Chitosan [(1-4) 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucan] was extracted from the exoskeleton of Black Tiger (Penaeus monodon) shrimp shells by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Three different chitosan extracts, coded as Chito A (3.33 % w/w), Chito B (4.01 % w/w) and Chito C (3.45 % w/w) were extracted using 3 %, 4 % and 5% w/v concentrations of HCl as decalcifiers respectively. Physicochemical properties such as appearance, odor, insolubility and pH of all the extracts were found to comply with the compendial specifications of pharmaceutical grade chitosan. Qualitative identification of the samples was carried out using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Major peaks of the extracts matched with reference IR spectrum of standard chitosan. Extracted chitosans were found lacking cytotoxicity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay. All the extracts showed strong antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the IC50 values were found to be 37 ± 2 µg/mL (Chito A), 35 ± 1 µg/mL (Chito B) and 30 ± 2 µg/mL (Chito C) while the standard antioxidant Quercetin showed an IC50 value of 15 ± 2 µg/mL .

This investigation was aimed at comparing the newly developed starches from two grains; Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Cassava (Manihot esculenta). The presence of starch in as these grains vary and thus their use as pharmaceutical excipients will depend on the degree of their starch functionality. The organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics such as viscosity, swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, pH, flow rate, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio were evaluated. The powders passed the identification and solubility tests as required by the British Pharmacopoeia. Cassava starch showed the least Carr's index, Hausner's ratio and moisture sorption capacity but displayed more angle of repose and true density than the potato starch. In contrast, potato starch showed the highest hydration and swelling-capacity. That is why, potato starch could be a better tablet disintegrant compared to cassava starch. The results obtained demonstrated that between the two starches in relation to their flow ability, cassava starch possesses the best flow property. Infrared (IR) spectra of potato and cassava starch with the drug sample (Etoricoxib) were seen to retain the individual peak of potato and cassava starch and the IR spectra showed that there was no interaction of starch with the drug.

This investigation aims at comparing starches from two grains: Maize (Zea mays) and Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) grains. These grains are used mainly as foods and they contain high amount of carbohydrate. The presence of starch in these grains varies and thus their use as pharmaceutical excipients will vary to the degree of their starch functionality. The powders obtained were characterized for their particle size, particle size distribution. The organoleptic and physicochemical characterization such as viscosity, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, pH, flow rate and porosity, Carr's index and Hausner's ratio were evaluated. Maize starch showed the least Carr's index, Hausner ratio, porosity, moisture sorption capacity and the greatest flow rate. Sweet potato starch showed the highest hydration capacity and swelling capacity. The results obtained showed that between the two starches in relation to their flowability, maize starch possesses the best flow property. Compatibility of Etoricoxib with maize and sweet potato starch was evaluated by IR spectra and found that both Etoricoxib is compatible along with maize and sweet potato starch. This knowledge of starch properties will help to explain the behavior of these starches when used as tablet excipients.

Baccaurea ramiflora is an evergreen medicinal plant which is also known as Burmese grape. In rural and remote areas in Bangladesh as well as other south Asian countries, it is commonly used as a rich nutritional source of vitamin C. Hyperlipidemia is a condition which is characterized by elevated levels of serum lipid profile which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral administration of ethanolic seed extract of B. ramiflora on serum lipid profile in Wister albino rats. Effect of alcoholic seed extract of B. ramiflora on lipid profle was conducted. Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Among thirty rats, twenty five rats were given high cholesterol diet for six weeks to increase body weight. Group I was normal control, group II hyperlipidemic control, groups III, IV, and V were hyperlipidemic rats orally administered with 150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of B. ramiflora, respectively, for 4 weeks, and group VI were hyperlipidemic rats orally administered with 10 mg/kg of Rosuvastatin for 4 weeks. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in the serum Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol were observed in groups II, III, IV, V, and VI when compared with that of the group I. Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean serum Triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were found in rats orally administered with 500 mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of B. ramiflora and those orally administered with 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin when compared with test control group. From the study, it could be suggested that ethanolic seed extract of B. ramiflora at 500 mg/kg can be used as antihyperlipidemic agent against dietary-induced hyperlipidemia.

Mehamudgar Ras (MHM) an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of dysuria in the rural population. To find out the toxicological characteristic of MHM, it was administered chronically to the male rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 51 days chronic administration of the MHM preparation the following toxicological changes were noted. In the study, the total protein content in the plasma was decreased (4.04 % decr.) in the MHM treated male rats. The decrease in total protein was not statistically significant (p=0.401). Interestingly, the albumin content was highly significantly (p=0.002) increased (34.399 % incr.) and the globulin content was highly significantly (p=0.006) decreased (34.463 % decr.) in MHM treated male rats The (133.907%) increase in the Albumin / Globulin ratio was statistically significantly different from their corresponding control values(p=0.016).  In the male rats after chronic administration of MHM the total cholesterol level was 175.238 % increased in male rats group which was statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) and only 6.843% increase of HDL level was noticed which was not statistically significant (p=0.670). The increase in Total cholesterol /HDL ratio (312.333% incr) was statistically very highly significant(p=0.001). After chronic administration of Mehamudgara Ras (MHM) to the male rats an increase of bilirubin level  (59.091% incr.) in the plasma was noted in comparison to their control group which was not statistically significant (p=0.273). There was a decrease in the plasma creatinine (13.542% decr.) in the MHM treated male rats, and this decrease was not significant (p=0.279). Also a statistically insignificant decrease in the urea (1.964% decr.) content in plasma was noted(p=0.891). A negligible increase in the Urea/Creatinine ratio (1.399% incr.) in plasma was noted which obviously was not statistically significant (p=0.964). MHM caused 15.694%  increase  in plasma uric acid which was not statistically significant(p=0. 0.740).

Rohitakarista (RHT), a classical Ayurvedic preparation which is used in hepatosplenic disorders, was studied for its effect on different hematologic parameters after chronic administrations for 41 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats. There is an [23.80 %] increase in the number of white blood cell count of the male rat, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.13). There is a statistically significant (p=0.05) increase in the absolute count of Neutrophils [153.96 % increase]. There is an [216.67%] increase in the absolute count of Eosinophils, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.22). There is a [10.69 %] decrease in the absolute count of Lymphocytes, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.27). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.65) [16.13 %] increase in the absolute count of Monocytes. There is a statistically significant (p=0.04) increase in the percentage of Neutrophil count. [84.60 % increase].  There is a [82.69 %] decrease in the percentage of Eosinophil count, the decrease though not significant yet it was noticeable (p=0.09). There is an [42.02 %] increase in the percentage of Basophil count, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.23). There is a statistically significant (p=0.04) decrease in the percentage of Lymphocyte count [24.62 % decrease]. There is an [84.06 %] increase in the percentage of Monocyte count, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.36). There is a statistically significant (p=0.03) decrease in the total numbers in the red blood cells. [13.34 % decrease]. There is a statistically significant (p=0.04) decrease in the Hemoglobin content of the blood [12.94 % decrease]. There is a statistically highly significant (p=0.01) decrease in the Hematocrit level of the blood. [14.29 % decrease]. There is a [0.93 %] decrease in the Mean corpuscular volume, a red cell index, the decrease was not significant (p=0.44). There is a negligible [0.91 %] decrease in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, a red cell index, which obviously was statistically not at all significant (p=0.74). There is a negligible [0.07 %] increase in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, a red cell index, which was statistically not at all significant (p=0.97). There is an [10.36 %] increase in the red cell volume distribution width, a red cell index, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.15). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.54) [8.33 %] decrease in Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood from the male rat. There was no change noticed in the male rat cutaneous tail bleeding time. There is a [2.74 %] shortening of whole blood clotting time in male rats, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.48). There is an [17.71 %] increase in the number of platelet count, the increase though not significant yet it was noticeable (p=0.09). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.66) [0.84 %] decrease in the mean platelet volume.  There is an [16.69 %] increase in the Platecrit value of the blood, the increase though not significant yet it was noticeable (p=0.07). There is a [1.80 %] decrease in the platelet volume distribution width, the decrease was not significant (p=0.33).

Swarna Sindur (SS) an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of urological disorder in the rural population. To find out the toxicological characteristic of SS, it was administered chronically to the female rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 31 days chronic administration of the SS preparation the following toxicological changes were noted. All throughout the experimental period the SS treated animals were always maintaining decrease in body weight, in the body weight study, the SS administered animal were weighing 1.68 % (p=0.824) to 6.97 % (p=0.434) less than their control counterpart. All throughout the experimental period no statistically significant decrease was noted. This study involved post-mortem comparison of the relative weights of major organs and water content within the various tissues of the drug-treated female rats to those of the control group animals. This experiment was carried out in order to find out if the chronic administration of the drug SS resulted in any toxicological changes in the organs so studied. There is a statistically highly significant (p=0.003) decrease in the relative percent weight of the female rat heart. [10.28 % decrease]. There is an [4.54 %] increase in the organ water content of the female rat heart, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.187). There is an [7.05 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the female rat lungs, the increase though not significant yet it was noticeable (p=0.090). There is a statistically significant (p=0.020) increase in the organ water content of the female rat lungs. [5.78 % increase]. There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.681) [1.37 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the female rat liver. There is a statistically highly significant (p=0.006) increase in the organ water content of the female rat liver. [3.27 % increase]. There is an [7.05 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the female rat kidney, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.140). There is a statistically highly significant (p=0.005) increase in the organ water content of the female rat kidney. [4.19% % increase]. There is an [5.69 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the female rat spleen, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.224). There is a negligible [0.19 %] increase in the organ water content of the female rat spleen, which was statistically not at all significant (p=0.857). There is an [7.515%] increase in the relative percent weight of the rat thymus, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.353). There is a statistically significant (p=0.015) increase in the relative percent weight of the rat fallopian tube. [22.76 % increase]. There is an [8.89 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the female rat ovary, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.490).

""Praval bhasma (PBL) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the treatment
of osteoporosis in the rural population. To find out the toxicological characteristic of PBL, it was
administered chronically to the female rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 52 days of chronic
administration of the PBL preparation the following toxicological changes were noted. In the
female rats there was increase in the Total protein (10.20 % incr.) and the Globulin (37.93 %
incr.) content in the plasma. There was almost no change in the Albumin (1.36 % incr.). None of
the increase in the Total protein (p=0.170), in the Albumin (p=0.881) and the Globulin (p=0.207)
content were significantly different from their corresponding control values. The decrease
(35.66%) in the Albumin / Globulin ratio was not significantly different from their
corresponding control values (p=0.200). In the female rats there was all throughout increase in
the triglyceride level (14.26 % incr.), total cholesterol (77.27 % incr.), VLDL (14.26 % incr.) and
LDL (232.78 % incr.). After chronic administration of PBL the triglyceride level was 14.26 %
(p=0.190) increased in female rats group which was not statistically significant. In this
investigation statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) increase of plasma total cholesterol
level in the PBL treated female rats was observed in comparison to control. Also an increase in
the VLDL and LDL content in the plasma was noted. Statistically insignificant increase were
observed in case of VLDL (14.26% incr.) (p=0.190) and highly significant increase were
observed in case of LDL (232.78% incr.) (p=0.002) from their corresponding control. After
chronic administration of Pravala Bhasma (PBL) to the female rats a increase of bilirubin level
(27.53% incr.) in the plasma was noted in comparison to their control group which was not
statistically significant (p=0.849). There was a decrease in the creatinine (46.50% decr.) content
in plasma in the PBL treated female rats which was statistically highly significant (p=0.009).
PBL caused about 512.91% increase in plasma uric acid which was statistically significant
(p=0.038). In the female rats a noticeable increase in the sGOT activity (24.17% incr.) (p=0.079)
and a noticeable increase in the sGPT activity (27.12% incr.) (p=0.066) in the plasma was noted
though in both the cases they were not statistically significant but as mentioned before were
noticeable in both of the cases. Whereas there was a statistically highly significant decrease in
the ALK-Pase activity (28.45% decr.) (p=0.009) and a statistically very highly significant
increase in the LDH activity (113.30% incr.) (p=0.001) in the plasma.
Keywords: Ayurvedic medicine; Praval bhasma; Rat; Blood chemistry; Lipid profile; Liver
function; Kidney function.""

Jakridari Lauha (JDL) an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the
treatment of hepatic diseases in the rural population. To find out the toxicological
characteristic of JDL, it was administered chronically to the male rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg.
After 45 days chronic administration of the JDL preparation the following toxicological
changes were noted. All throughout the experimental period the JDL treated animals
were always maintaining gradual fall in body weight. From Day 33 to Day 45 the loss in
body weight varied between 4.97 % to as high as 8.32%. None of these changes in body
weights of the JDL treated rats for the total of 45 days were statistically significantly
different from their corresponding body weights of the control animal. The study also
involved post-mortem comparison of the relative weights of major organs and water content
within the various tissues of the drug-treated rats to those of the control group animals. There
is a statistically insignificant (p=0.565) [3.945867 %] decrease in the relative percent weight
of the male rat heart. There is a statistically significant (p=0.028) decrease in the organ
water content of the male rat heart. [7.651798% decrease]. There is a statistically
insignificant (p=0.692) [2.789 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the male rat
lungs. There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.510) [1.773111 %] decrease in the organ
water content of the male rat lungs. There is a [8.44545 %] decrease in the relative percent
weight of the male rat liver, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent
(p=0.353). There is an [4.27998 %] increase in the organ water content of the male rat liver,
the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.250). There is a [9.791237 %]
decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat kidney, the decrease though not
significant yet it was prominent (p=0.158). There is a [3.67856 %] decrease in the organ
water content of the male rat kidney, the decrease though not significant yet it was noticeable
(p=0.054). There is a negligible [2.27011 %] increase in the relative percent weight of the
male rat spleen, which was statistically not at all significant (p=0.782). There is a [7.370657
%] decrease in the organ water content of the male rat spleen, the decrease though not
significant yet it was prominent (p=0.113). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.545)
[8.058056 %] decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat thymus. There is a
negligible [1.985381 %] decrease in the relative percent weight of the rat testis, which was
statistically not at all significant (p=0.804). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.596)
[0.940588 %] decrease in the organ water content of the rat testis.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera fruit in α-amylase inhibitory activity (in vitro) and hypoglycemic activity in normal and g Mluocnotsre. induced hyperglycemic rats (in vivo). Methods: Fruits of Citrus macroptera without rind was extracted with pure methanol following cacotlidv ietyx,t raancdti honyp aongldy cteemsteicd effofer cpt riens neonrcme aol fr apths yatnodch gelmuciocsael icnodnuscteitdu ehnytpse, rαgl-ycaemmyilca srea tsin. hibitory Results: Presence of saponin, steroid and terpenoid were identified in the extract. The results smhgo/wmeLd] tahsa tc ofrmupita erexdtr atoc t ahcaadrb mosoed.e Mraotere αov-earm ayt la5s0e0 mingh/ikbgit oarnyd a 1c t0i0v0i tym g[I/Ck5g0 vdaolsuees= f(3ru.6i3t 8e依x0t.r1a9c0t) sraigtsn iafisc acnotmlyp a(Pre<d0 .t0o5 galnibde Pnc<l0a.m01i dree s(p5e mctgiv/kegly).) Irne dourcael dg lfuacstoisneg tbolloeoradn gcleu cteosste, 5le0v0e ml ign/k ngo drmosael bsilgonoidfi cgalunctloys ere ldeuvceel da tb 2lo ho da ngdlu 3c ohs e(P le<v0e.0l 5( Pa<n0d. 0P5)< a0t. 021 hr ebsupte 1c 0ti0v0e mlyg) /wkhge dreoases sgilgibneifniccalanmtlyid ree d(5u mcegd/ kisg )a lssiog nciofincsaindtelrye dre edxutcreemd egllyu csiogsnei fliecvaenlt awt itehv eFr yv ahlouuer= a23ft.e83r aadnmd iPn ivstarlauteio=n0.. 0O00v1e rianl lo rtiaml eg luefcfoescet tolerance test. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the plant may be a potential source for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agent.

Arjunarista (RJN) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the south Asian countries for the treatment of cardiac diseases. We were eager to know the effect of chronic administration of RJN on the lipid profile test. To find out the effect of chronic administration of RJN on the lipid profile it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 40 ml/Kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of the RJN preparation, the following effects on the lipid profile were noted. There was a very highly significant increase in LDL Cholesterol (p=0.001). A very highly significant (0.001) decrease was noticed in triglyceride (TG), VLDL-C & HDL-C level; thus leading to a statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) increase in Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR) (TC/HDL-C), Castelli’s Risk Index-II (CRI-II) (HDL-C/LDL-C) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) [(TC/HDL-C)/HDL-C)], but a statistically significant (p=0.033) decrease in case of Atherogenic Index of Pl...

Basanta Kusumakar Ras (BKR), an Ayurvedic preparation is used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus. We were eager to know the effect of chronic administration of BKR on the lipid profile, liver function test and kidney function test. To find out the toxicological characteristic of BKR, it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. After 28 days chronic administration of the BKR preparation the following toxicological changes were noted. There was a statistically significant increase in serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C level besides a statistically significant decrease in serum HDL-C level; thus leading to a statistically significant increase of both Cardiac Risk Ratio (TC/HDL-C) and Castelli’s Risk Index (LDL-C/HDL-C). There was a statistically significant increase in both bilirubin and creatinine level. Chronic BKR administration revealed dyslipidemia, possible loss of liver function and kidney function.

Rohitakarista (RHT), a classical Ayurvedic preparation which is used in splenomegaly, was studied for its effect on different hematologic parameters after chronic administrations for 41 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats. There is an [23.80 %] increase in the number of white blood cell count of the male rat, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.13). There is a statistically significant (p=0.05) increase in the absolute count of Neutrophils [153.96 % increase]. There is an [216.67%] increase in the absolute count of Eosinophils, the increase though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.22). There is a [10.69 %] decrease in the absolute count of Lymphocytes, the decrease though not significant yet it was prominent (p=0.27). There is a statistically insignificant (p=0.65) [16.13 %] increase in the absolute count of Monocytes. There is a statistically significant (p=0.04) increase in the percentage of Neutrophil count. [84.60 % increase]. There is a [82.69 %] ...