Health

Introduction: Correspondence analysis method and preparation of accidents and occupational hazards pattern is able to predict and anticipate accidents and is automatically prioritize the risks and injuries. The aim of this study was to present accidents and occupational hazards pattern based on risk-injury groups, which use it to manage of occupational accidents. Material and Method: The report of occupational accidents, registered in the social security organization was collected in a period of ten years from 2005 to 2015 (222,300 accidents). Types of risk and injuries to any of the accidents specified based on International Labor Organization criteria and risk of injury were classified in a matrix (18 × 18). Risk-injury groups were separately identified using correspondence analysis and collapse process, as patterns of accidents and occupational hazards. In the mentioned patterns, the relationship between risks and damage can be identified, as it facilitates decisionmaking in risk assessment in companies covered by the social security organization. Result: According to the findings, three groups of occupational accidents were obtained and variables of these three groups extracted from the obtained patterns. The first group included six risks and seven injuries that the risks variables were: contact with hot materials, accidents caused by caustic and corrosive substances, contact with chemicals, accidents caused by toxic substances, contact with electrical equipment, explosion and fire, and injuries were: burns, other injuries, multiple injuries, gas poisoning, suffocation, poisoning, environmental hazards. The second group included seven risks and six injuries that the risks variables were: accidents caused by displacement, projections of fragments or particles, accidents caused by machine tools, slipping, falling people, falling objects, other accidents and injuries were: twists and sprains, dipping the objects in the body, objects in the eyes, cuts and amputations, superficial wounds, deep wounds. Finally, the third group included five risks and five injuries that risks variables were: Falling under the rubble, accident with vehicle, accidents caused by displacement, colliding of persons against objects, projections of fragments or particles, accidents caused by manual tools, trapped between objects, accidents caused by machine tools and injuries were: fractures, dislocation, back pain, hitting, contusions and crushing. It should be noted that the study of these patterns can be used to identify and prioritize of occupational accidents. Conclusion: The proposed groups make new opportunities for development of the applications to analyze, interpret and automate management of occupational accidents in order to minimize uncertainty and increase its objectivity. Its advantage over other similar analyses can be considering both the risks and injury and to obtain groups of two variables. Due to the frequency and distribution of mass of risk and injury variables in the groups, the risk and injury variables of group 3 are the most important, and the risk and injury variables of group 2 are less important and the risk and injury variables of group 1 have the least importance.

The correspondence analysis method is the best method to optimize matrix functions by which the risk-injury matrix was analyzed. This method can reduce the information contained in the risk-injury table and can also determine the correlation between the variables in the matrix. The aim of this study was to present the dimensions of accidents and occupational hazards based on the risk-injury affinity groups, and to manage the occupational accidents using these dimensions. Methods: In this study, the reports of occupational accidents registered in the Social Security Organization in a period of ten years from the beginning of 2005 until the end of 2014 (222,300 incidents) were collected and the type of the risk and injury related to any accident was identified based on the criteria of the International Labour Organization and classified in a risk-injury matrix (18 × 18). Using the correspondence analysis, the dimensions were identified individually; these dimensions show the most correlation between risks and injuries, which can facilitate decision-making in the risk assessment process in companies covered by the Social Security Organization. Results: Hair's criterion recommends that dimensions with inertia higher than 0.2 are suitable for the study and interpretation of the results. So, in this study, among the obtained dimensions, the dimensions with the inertia (an eigen value) greater than 0.2 including dimension 1, dimension 2, and dimension 3 were considered and the correlation between the variables was obtained based on a singular value (variable distance from the centeroid). In this study, a singular value of dimension1 was 0.750, a singular value of dimension 2 was 0.647, and a singular value of dimension 3 was 0.521. The dimensions obtained create new opportunities for the development of applications to analyze, interpret and automatic management of occupational accidents to minimize uncertainty and increase the objectivity that is not achievable with the current methods. The findings of the present study confirm that these three dimensions indicate the summary of occupational injuries.

Background and aims: Accidents happened as a result of LPG leakage emphasizesthe importance of the consequence analysis of fire and explosion in LPG storage tanks. The purpose of this study is to analysis the consequences of fire and explosion in a cylindrical LPG storage tank in an oil and gas industry. Methods: In this analytical study, four possible failure scenarios including 1) rupture in the cylindrical LPG tank 2) leakage from the loading line 3) leakage from the tank manhole and 4) undesirable opening of the safety valve, and their fire and explosion consequences were simulated by PHAST software. Thenthe results were compared with existing standards Results: The scenario of tank rupture leads to a radiation flux 37.5 kw/m2 affect a radius of 290 m from tank location that can cause major life and property losses. As the result of a flash fire due to the tanker rupture, there is a possibility of life-threatening to a radius of 520 m. An explosion (resulting from the tank ruptu...

Introduction: Noise is considered as a risk factor for a wide range of industrial environments, including construction industry. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between job stress due to noise exposure with sleep disturbance. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out among 134 workers of one of the construction industry in the country. For assessment of noise exposure of individuals, in accordance with ISO 9612: 2009 was measured by the occupational exposure level of 8 hours. To assess occupational stress, the Parker Job Stress Questionnaire and Epworth's (Epworth) Questionnaire were used to assess sleep disturbance. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression in SPSS version 23 software. Results: The results of Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression showed that noise can cause sleep disturbance by causing occupational stress in workers. Based on the results of this st...

Introduction: The success of each company is related to the performance and productivity of its employees. Recent ergonomic research on this case has confirmed the relation of high stress level, weight, and other risk factors with employees' health care costs and absences. The aim of this study was to introduce the economic and productivity results derived from implementing the interventions of nutrition education using the awareness promotion, attitude correction, and behavior of labors approach according to needs of work places at the selected industry.Methods: The intervention group consisted of 104 male employees who worked at the assembly line of automobile industry and received nutrition education using the active and passive methods in a one-month intervention. To measure the effect of intervention, the health indicators of blood pressure, and body mass index, as well as the awareness questionnaire were used as the pretest and posttest measures. Data analysis was conducte...

Background and Objective: Operators of construction vehicles are constantly exposed to whole-body vibration, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of exposure to whole-body vibration and its relation to musculoskeletal disorders among these operators who work at construction projects. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a descriptiveanalytical and cross-sectional design. In total, 89 operators who operated 6 types of heavy vehicles (i.e., Bulldozer, Tipper Truck, Heavy Vibrator Roller, Light Vibrator Roller, Hammer drill, and Loader) in two construction projects were included in this study. The vibration indices (i.e., effective acceleration, peak factor, and vibrational dose) were measured according to ISO 2631 and SVAN 958 vibrometer to evaluate the exposure rate of the whole body to vibration. Moreover, the Body Map Questionnaire was employed to assess the status of musculoskeletal disorders. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results of this study showed that according to occupational exposure limit standard, the whole-body exposure to vibration from Bulldozer (2.25 m/s 2), Tipper Truck (0.98 m/s 2), Heavy Vibration Rollers (3.20 m/s 2), Light Vibration Rollers (3.45 m/s 2), Hammer drill (4.11 m/s 2), and Loader (1.2 m/s 2) were more than the daily exposure limit. The results also revealed that exposure to vibration correlated significantly with underlying factors and musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the potential health hazards threatening the operators of construction vehicles. Therefore, it is suggested to implement technical and management strategies, including installation of appropriate vibration insulators on seats, holding training sessions, encouraging the individuals with long exposure experience to vibration to change their job, rotating work schedules, as well as using gloves, flooring, and vibration damping pads, and implementing supervising protocols on the performance of the operators.

Diabetes is a chronic disease; it can cause serious complications. Diabetes self-management is essential for prevention of disease complications. This study was conducted to evaluate self-management promotion educational program intervention efficiency among diabetic patients in Iran and health belief model (HBM) was applied as a theoretical framework. Overall, 120 Type 2 diabetic patients referred to rural health centers in Gachsaran, Iran participated in this study as randomly divided into intervention and control group. This was a longitudinal randomized pre- and post-test series control group design panel study to implement a behavior modification based intervention to promotion self-management among diabetic patients. Cross-tabulation and t-test by using SPSS statistical package, version 16 was used for the statistical analysis. Mean age was 55.07 years (SD = 9.94, range: 30-70). Our result shows significant improvements in average response for susceptibility, severity, benefit...

Background: One of the most important factors affecting relapse of addiction is craving beliefs of substance use. The goal of the present study was assessment of the effectiveness of coping skills education program to reduce craving beliefs among opium addicts. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, during September 2011 to August 2012, 70 opium addicted men referred to the Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center in Hamadan, western Iran were assigned to intervention group (receiving coping skills education program) and control groups. The study information was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Regarding craving beliefs for continuing drug use, the two groups had similar scales at the beginning of interventional program, while the level of these beliefs was significantly reduced in the intervention group (P= 0.002), but not in the control group (P= 0.105). Also, a significant correlation was also revealed between taking advantage of the educational program and increase awareness of the signs of relapse in the intervention group (P=0.003) that was not revealed in the control (P= 0.174). On the other hand, executing coping skills education program led to reduce craving beliefs and improve knowledge towards signs of relapse. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate positive impact of coping skills education program after detoxification process on decrease of craving beliefs among opium addicts.

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease; it can cause serious complications. Diabetes self-management is essential for prevention of disease complications. This study was conducted to evaluate self-management promotion educational program intervention efficiency among diabetic patients in Iran and health belief model (HBM) was applied as a theoretical framework. Materials and Methods: Overall, 120 Type 2 diabetic patients referred to rural health centers in Gachsaran, Iran participated in this study as randomly divided into intervention and control group. This was a longitudinal randomized pre-and post-test series control group design panel study to implement a behavior modification based intervention to promotion self-management among diabetic patients. Cross-tabulation and t-test by using SPSS statistical package, version 16 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Mean age was 55.07 years (SD = 9.94, range: 30-70). Our result shows significant improvements in average response for susceptibility, severity, benefit and self-management among intervention group. Additionally, after intervention, average response of the barrier to self-management was decreased among intervention group. Conclusion: Our result showed education program based on HBM was improve of self-management and seems implementing these programs can be effective in the and prevention of diabetes complications.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) Generic Core Scales in children. Methods: A standard forward and backward translation procedure was used to translate the US English version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales for children into the Iranian language (Persian). The Iranian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales was completed by 503 healthy and 22 chronically ill children aged 8-12 years and their parents. The reliability was evaluated using internal consistency. Known-groups discriminant comparisons were made, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. Results: The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients, exceeded the minimum reliability standard of 0.70. All monotrait-multimethod correlations were higher than multitrait-multimethod correlations. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the children self-report and parent proxy-reports showed moderate to high agreement. Exploratory factor analysis extracted six factors from the PedsQL™ 4.0 for both self and proxy reports, accounting for 47.9% and 54.8% of total variance, respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for 6-factor models for both self-report and proxy-report indicated acceptable fit for the proposed models. Regarding health status, as hypothesized from previous studies, healthy children reported significantly higher health-related quality of life than those with chronic illnesses. Conclusions: The findings support the initial reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 as a generic instrument to measure health-related quality of life of children in Iran.

Skin cancer has the most prevention potential among all cancers. Sunscreen use is an effective method in reducing the risk prevalence of skin cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive determinants of sunscreen use among university students based on the health belief model (HBM). This cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 university students in the west of Iran. Students were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using appropriate statistical tests including correlation and logistic regression at 95% significance level. Our results indicated 44.2% of participants reported had always sunscreen use. Among the HBM constructs, cues to action with odds ratio estimate of 1.146 (95% CI 1.061, 1.239) and perceived self-efficacy with odds ratio estimate of 1.131 (95% CI 1.036, 1.234) were the more influential predictors on always sunscreen use. Female students and high levels of mother's education were significant predictors of sunscreen use. It seems these findings are useful in planning health promotion programs aimed at increasing self-efficacy for sunscreen use.

-L'agriculture française, agronomiquement et économiquement très performante, est responsable d'importantes pertes d'azote vers l'hydrosphère et l'atmosphère, provoquant de graves problèmes environnementaux. À partir de l'analyse de la base de données SitraM sur les transports de marchandises entre départements et avec l'étranger, un bilan des échanges de denrées agricoles, exprimés en flux d'azote protéique contenu, a été établi pour sept groupes de produits agricoles. Les 95 départements français ont été regroupés en 33 territoires agricoles, définis selon leur proximité géographique et la similitude de leur système de production. Les résultats montrent l'ampleur de la mobilité commerciale des denrées agricoles. Les échanges entre territoires et avec l'étranger en 2006 représentent 1,6 fois la production agricole nationale. Globalement, la France apparaît comme exportatrice nette de protéines avec l'étranger, important 284 kilotonne d'azote par an (ktN/an) d'aliments pour bétail et exportant 390 ktN/an principalement sous forme de céréales. L'analyse révèle l'extrême spécialisation de la plupart des territoires, soit vers les grandes cultures, soit vers l'élevage, et fait apparaître cinq grands ensembles de territoires en fonction de l'ampleur et de la destination de leurs échanges commerciaux dominants. La maîtrise du cycle de l'azote et de ses perturbations ne saurait faire l'économie d'une prise en compte des flux commerciaux de denrées agricoles.

Background and Objectives: Older adults' quality of life and factors affecting it such as social support are a major concern because they are among vulnerable groups and should receive different supports to ensure their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social support and quality of life in the older adults living in the 8 th district of Tehran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 older adults living in the 8th district of Tehran. Participants were selected via cluster sampling method. We used LEIPAD quality of life questionnaire to measure the quality of life and Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire to evaluate social support. Data were analyzed in SPSS-20 using Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation. Results: The mean score of quality life was 68.9 of 93 in men and 97.6 of 93 in women and this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.404). Education level had a significant effect on both quality of life and social support (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between social support and some dimensions of the quality of life, e.g. physical, social and cognitive function (P<0.05). Conclusions: Different dimensions of social support were higher in men than in women. Although the relationship between dimensions of social support on the overall quality of life score was not statistically significant, the significant relationship between dimensions of social support and dimensions of quality of life show that social support can impact quality of life.

Background Recently, the prevalence of influenza threatening the society health; preventative strategies are effective method in reducing risk prevalence of influenza. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive determinants of influenza preventive behaviors among high school students based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted among 300 high school students (170 girls and 130 boys) in Southern of Iran. Students were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Participants filled out a standard self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaire included three sections including influenza preventive behaviors, demographics variables and HBM variables which comprised of 46 items. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16.0). Results The mean score of influenza preventive behaviors was 14.66 [mean female: 15.42+ 4.93) and mean boy: 13.61+ 4.71)], ranged from 0 to 28.The HBM variables accounted for 23% of ...

Background Vaccine wastage is one of quality indicators of immunization program and high vaccine wastage will increase overall costs and impede efforts towards a more efficient and sustainable program. We aimed at estimating of the wastage rates of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) and pentavalent (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B -Haemophilus influenza type b) vaccines in different vaccine vial sizes. Study design Multicentre descriptive study using existing data. Methods This study was in three provinces (Hamadan, Kermanshah and Kordestan) of Iran including 131,135 populations with 2,548 under-1years children. Twenty-seven health facilities were selected randomly from nine districts in three provinces of western part of Iran. Six-months data including vaccination and vaccine stock records collected from April to September 2017. Finally, number of opened vials and number of target population vaccinated were collected and data were analysed to estimate the wastage rates in both un...

The annual fecal occult blood test is a very important method for colorectal cancer early detection through screening. Our aim was to assess psychometrics of instrument measuring beliefs related to fecal occult blood test uptake among Iranian middle-aged and elderly, based on the theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 middle-aged and elderly who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in Kermanshah, in the west of Iran. The studied constructs included attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and behavior intention. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (ver. 21.0). The mean age of the respondents was 59.1 years [SD: 6.73], in the range from 50 to 73. All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. KMO was calculated as 0.756. Overall, four factors under investigation accounted for 82% of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs of attitude, subjectiv...

In the context power big data, the household power consumption data on the user side has the characteristics of large quantity, wide distribution and many types. Ensemble learning is very excellent in the analysis and mining of power data with large amount of data, strong timeliness and many influencing factors. Based on the data of household power consumption, this paper analyzes and predicts the power consumption of some users in a city by using selective ensemble learning technology and combining with meteorological factors. In this paper, K-means algorithm is used to cluster the household power consumption, and then the clustering results are combined with the meteorological information. In the stage of power consumption prediction, a Filter Iterative Optimization Ensemble Strategy (FIOES) is proposed to selectively ensemble the basic learners and get the final prediction model. Experimental results show that the FIOES algorithm has better performance in time cost and prediction accuracy than the traditional ensemble learning algorithm. INDEX TERMS Power big data, ensemble learning, power consumption, iterative optimization.

Background: Hepatitis B (HB) is one of the important common occupational diseases, and health care workers are one of the most at-risk groups. The current study aimed to investigate the best psycho-social predictors of HB preventive behaviors among nurses by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: The current research was a cross-sectional study. An anonymous self-reported scale according to the TPB determinants was distributed among 330 nurses in Kermanshah, and 299 (90.6%) questionnaires were returned. Nurses were randomly selected among different teaching hospitals in Kermanshah in 2016. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t test, and linear regression tests. Results: The mean score for the HB preventive behaviors was 3.14±1.45 ranging from 1 to 5. The TPB determinants accounted for 21% of the variance in nurses’ HB preventive behaviors. Attitude and perceived behavior control (PBC) were t...