Ignacio Trejos

Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Ingeniería en Computación, Faculty Member

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Papers by Ignacio Trejos

GAST: A generic AST representation for language-independent source code analysis

Enfoque UTE

Organizations use various programming languages to develop their systems. These aim to take advan... more Organizations use various programming languages to develop their systems. These aim to take advantage of the most appropriate features of each language for a given domain and require programmers to command different languages and also to face the growing complexity of software development and maintenance. So, they need tools to help them analyze programs to identify relationships between their internal elements, uncover patterns, and calculate quality metrics. However, most tools have limited support for parsing multiple programming languages and high acquisition costs. Therefore, there is a need for new methods to analyze code written in multiple programming languages. This article describes the design of a method to automatically transform the syntax of various programming languages into a universal language with a generic syntax. The function of the generic language is to encapsulate the specificities of each specific language, so that the analysis of programs is facilitated in a...

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A method for assessing computational thinking in students using source code analysis

2022 International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)

Latin American Perspectives to Internationalize Undergraduate Information Technology Education

Proceedings of the 2016 ITiCSE Working Group Reports, 2016

The computing education community expects modern curricular guidelines for information technology... more The computing education community expects modern curricular guidelines for information technology (IT) undergraduate degree programs by 2017. The authors of this work focus on eliciting and analyzing Latin American academic and industry perspectives on IT undergraduate education. The objective is to ensure that the IT curricular framework in the IT2017 report articulates the relationship between academic preparation and the work environment of IT graduates in light of current technological and educational trends in Latin America and elsewhere. Activities focus on soliciting and analyzing survey data collected from institutions and consortia in IT education and IT professional and educational societies in Latin America; these activities also include garnering the expertise of the authors. Findings show that IT degree programs are making progress in bridging the academic-industry gap, but more work remains.

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Laboratorios de pruebas

Modelado exploratorio del rendimiento y la confiabilidad de software sobre middleware orientado a mensajes

Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, 2020

El rendimiento es un importante atributo de calidad de un sistema de software. La Ingeniería de r... more El rendimiento es un importante atributo de calidad de un sistema de software. La Ingeniería de rendimiento del software comprende las actividades de análisis, diseño, construcción, medición y validación, que atienden los requerimientos de rendimiento a lo largo del proceso de desarrollo de software. En los sistemas de software que utilizan comunicación basada en mensajes, el rendimiento depende en gran medida del middleware orientado a mensajes (Message-Oriented Middleware – MOM). Los arquitectos de software necesitan considerar su organización, configuración y uso para predecir el comportamiento de un sistema que use tal plataforma. La inclusión de un MOM en una arquitectura de software requiere conocer el impacto de la mensajería y de la infraestructura utilizada. Omitir la influencia del MOM llevaría a la generación de predicciones erróneas. En este artículo se explora tal influencia, mediante el modelado y la simulación basados en componentes, utilizando el enfoque Palladio Co...

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TAM: An Abstract Machine Specification in Z

Encontrar errores en las ultimas etapas del desarrollo del diseno de hardware es costoso. En part... more Encontrar errores en las ultimas etapas del desarrollo del diseno de hardware es costoso. En particular, para una arquitectura de microprocesador, la falta de ambiguedad es una propiedad esencial. Los metodos formales pueden ayudar a los disenadores a identificar inconsistencias en las especificaciones de un sistema dado. Este articulo presenta una descripcion formal de un subconjunto del conjunto de instrucciones de la arquitectura Triangle Abstract Machine (TAM) en Z. TAM es una maquina abstracta adecuada para la implementacion de lenguajes de programacion tipo Algol estructurados en bloques, como Pascal, Modula , Oberon y Triangle. La arquitectura de TAM se basa en la pila, lo que simplifica la generacion de codigo. La notacion matematica de Z y la estructura de su esquema ayudan a describir instrucciones logicas y aritmeticas y tambien proporcionan mecanismos adecuados para modelar instrucciones complejas que acceden a registros, memorias y la pila. Esta investigacion propone un...

Latin and American perspectives on the computer engineering (CE2016) report

2017 IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE), 2017

ACM and the IEEE Computer Society have released their computer engineering curriculum guidelines ... more ACM and the IEEE Computer Society have released their computer engineering curriculum guidelines in December of 2016. The curricular report, tagged CE2016, reflects current computer engineering education and practice that would be relevant for the coming decade. The report provides some examples on ways to map knowledge units to courses and it addresses expected requirements in science and mathematics. This panel presentation provides an overview of the report and aims to provide perspectives on computer engineering from diverse Latin American communities. The authors plan to engage in discussions with participants that contrast CE2016 with current computer engineering curricula in Latin America. They also provide ways to implement the guidelines within Latin American settings. The authors welcome full audience participation including overall comments with the goal of cultivating robust computer engineering educational models that complement academic and industry communities. The se...

McCulloch-Pitts Artificial Neuron and Rosenblatt ' s Perceptron : An abstract specification in Z

The human brain is the most complex biological structure known; it can be seen as a highly comple... more The human brain is the most complex biological structure known; it can be seen as a highly complex, nonlinear and parallel computer capable of organizing its structural units (neurons) to perform different tasks, such as pattern recognition, perception, and motor control-and in many times-faster than nowadays' computers. The McCullochPitts Artificial Neuron was the first attempt to model the behavior of a biological neuron, serving as a base model for Rosenblat's Perceptron. The Perceptron has been recognized as a fundamental step towards automated learning in the pattern recognition field. This paper will present a Z-notation abstract specification of the Perceptron and its learning process. Key wordsSpecification in Z, neurons, brain, human, Rosenblat's Perceptron ResumenEl cerebro humano es la estructura biológica más compleja conocida; Puede verse como una computadora altamente compleja, no lineal y paralela capaz de organizar sus unidades estructurales (neuronas) pa...

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Designing Computing academic programs with disciplinary and competency frameworks

We characterize qualitative skill gaps that impact the employability of computing graduates. We c... more We characterize qualitative skill gaps that impact the employability of computing graduates. We consider the shortage of computing talent in Latin America and particularly in Costa Rica. We establish the need for collaboration between industry and universities, which must go through developing a common language. Mutual understanding enables defining educational and career profiles and improving job descriptions for computing staff. We present a curriculum development process based on educational and engineering principles. We summarize representative experiences of curricular design of higher education computing programs with disciplinary frameworks and competencies validated by the IT industry based in Costa Rica. We prospect on future curricular design exercises of higher education computing programs.

Aprender haciendo, colaborativamente

Desde el año 2000, Cenfotec ofrece disciplinas de informática con una secuencia progresiva de pro... more Desde el año 2000, Cenfotec ofrece disciplinas de informática con una secuencia progresiva de proyectos de integración, en los que los estudiantes aprenden a trabajar en equipos con roles y procesos definidos. El desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales está integrado en el proceso de formación. Viajemos algunas décadas al pasado. La industria costarricense del software comenzó a tomar forma a mediados de la década de los ochenta. Diez años antes, iniciaron su formación universitaria en informática en Costa Rica. En noviembre de 1985, se eliminaron muchos impuestos a las computadoras, de modo que el 133% del impuesto al valor agregado se redujo al 10% de impuesto a las ventas. El diseño educativo original de Cenfotec fue diseñado como una combinación de los siguientes factores: relevancia, oportunidad, integración, desarrollo humano, proceso, calidad y demanda. Las habilidades de diseño, la creatividad y la coherencia son esenciales en el trabajo de los ingenieros.

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Cloud Function Performance: A Component Modeling Approach

2020 XLVI Latin American Computing Conference (CLEI)

Cloud Functions represent a new trend in cloud computing in which developers are allowed to insta... more Cloud Functions represent a new trend in cloud computing in which developers are allowed to install code in a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platform able to manage provisioning, execution, monitoring and automatic scaling. The underlying infrastructure in FaaS platforms is hidden from the developers and designers and, since the influence of the infrastructure is unknown, this makes it difficult to apply software performance engineering approaches on cloud functions, which could lead to wrong or inaccurate performance estimations. In this study, we explore the use of component-based modeling and simulation in order to generate performance estimations of an exemplar cloud function which was exercised using a variety of workloads. A cloud function was both implemented and instrumented to record in a log file performance data, associated with its invocations and, using the log file as an input, we extracted a performance model in a Palladio Component Model format suitable for running simulations to validate whether the generated model could explain the runtime behavior of the function. Using this approach and further tunings in the model, we were able to validate that the simulations could explain more than 95% of the function's behavior and that component-based modeling and simulation can be considered a serious option when trying to explain the behavior of a cloud function.

Cloud Function Performance: a component modeling approach

CLEI Electronic Journal

Cloud Functions are a trend in cloud computing in which developers are allowed to install code in... more Cloud Functions are a trend in cloud computing in which developers are allowed to install code in a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platform able to manage provisioning, execution, monitoring and automatic scaling. The underlying infrastructure in FaaS platforms is hidden from the developers and designers and, since the inuence of the infrastructure is unknown, this makes it di_cult to apply software performance engineering approaches on cloud functions, which could lead to wrong or inaccurate performance estimations. In this study, we explore the use of component-based modeling and simulation in order to generate performance estimations of an exemplar cloud function which was exercised using a variety of workloads. A cloud function was both implemented and instrumented to record performance datain a log _le, associated with its invocations; using the log _le as an input, we extracted a performance model in a Palladio Component Model format suitable for running simulations to validate ...

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Developing Software Quality and Testing Capabilities in Hispanic America: Challenges and Prospects

The Future of Software Quality Assurance, Nov 20, 2019

This chapter presents a summary of the Hispanic America region status and prospects in software e... more

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Cálculo de intersecciones rayo/objeto en ray tracing: Una especificación formal en Z

Este trabajo presenta un caso de estudio en la especificacion formal, mediante la notacion Z, del... more Este trabajo presenta un caso de estudio en la especificacion formal, mediante la notacion Z, del calculo de intersecciones rayo/objeto en el algoritmo de ray tracing. En el documento se describen los conceptos de escena, objetos geometricos tridimensionales, calculo de intersecciones rayo/objeto mediante conjunto de puntos y la identificacion de la primera interseccion del rayo con un objeto de la escena. Dicha informacion es indispensable para la sintesis de una imagen tridimensional por medio de ray tracing. El caso de estudio es parte de una iniciativa de investigacion y educacion en la aplicacion de metodos formales de descripcion y verificacion a distintas areas tematicas dentro de la Computacion. Nuestra especificacion muestra un alto nivel de abstraccion en la descripcion de las intersecciones rayo/objeto en problemas de trazado de rayos, un problema importante en Computacion Grafica. Esta exploracion invita a describir otros problemas relacionados con Graficas por co...

Centro de Investigaciones en Computación: servicios informáticos para el sector productivo

Transferencia de Tecnología, Jan 1, 1995

Descriptores: COMPUTADORAS; INFORMATICA; TECNOLOGIA; PRODUCTIVIDAD; INVESTIGACION; COOPERACION TE... more

Portales para PYMES

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

An Experimental Language Definition

Publication View. 45249609. An experimental language definition / (1990). Trejos-Zelaya, Ignacio.... more

Informatizar procesos

El Financiero

Resumen: Los mejores enfoques para la reingeniería de procesos de negocios son holísticos y procu... more

Pyme digitalizadas

El Financiero, Jan 1, 2002

Resumen: En los últimos meses se ha tomado conciencia de la importancia de estimular el uso de la... more

Desencadenar a Prometeo

Reingeniería es una de esas palabras de moda que, a fuerza de ser usada y abusada, va perdiendo s... more

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