The Effects of University-Industry Collaboration in R&D on the Global Competitiveness of the Countries
University-Industry Collaboration Strategies in the Digital Era, 2021
Today, countries as well as companies face high competition conditions at the global level. In or... more Today, countries as well as companies face high competition conditions at the global level. In order to increase the level of competition for both firms and countries, it is vital to implement technological changes and innovations based on research and development (R&D). In this respect, university-industry collaboration in R&D has an important role to play in increasing such technological changes and innovations in order to improve the competitiveness of both firms and countries. In this context, the main aim of this study is to analyze the effects of university-industry collaborative R&D on the global competitiveness of countries throughout the world using statistical techniques. This study finds that the global competitiveness of countries increases in proportion to increased university-industry collaborative R&D. Therefore, the study seeks to help decision makers at both the firm and national levels to design better policies and strategies for university-industry R&D collaborati...
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Papers by Gamze Sart
by the disruptions in global energy trade, the high volatility in energy prices, and the remarkable
environmental impairment. Numerous economic, environmental, institutional, and social factors have
been put forward as driving factors toward renewable energy. The goal of this research article is to
study the causal nexus among energy dependency, human capital, real GDP per capita, CO2 emissions,
and renewable energy of the 27 EU members between 2000 and 2020 through Emirmahmutoglu
and Kose causality test. The results of the panel-level causality tests demonstrate feedback interplay
among energy dependency, human capital, real GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy
use. However, the results of the country-level causality analysis unveil that the interplay among
renewable energy utilization, energy dependency, real GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, and human
capital remarkably varies among EU members. The results of this study suggest that renewable
energy investments are significant instruments to make progress in energy security, human capital,
real GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, energy security, human capital, real GDP per
capita, and CO2 emissions are significant drivers of renewable energy development.
increases in life expectancy indicate improvements in population health and
human welfare. Therefore, one of the ultimate goals of the countries is to
increase the life expectancy. This article studies the effect of education and
income inequalities, ICT indicators, CO2 emissions, and real GDP per capita
on life expectancy in the new EU members for the period of 2010–2022 by
employing fixed effects regression. The coefficients of panel regression
uncover that education and income inequalities and CO2 emissions negatively
impact life expectancy, but ICT indicators of internet usage and mobile cellular
subscriptions and real GDP per capita positively affects the life expectancy.
The findings of the panel regression analysis indicate that public policies to
decrease the inequalities in education and income will make a contribution to
life expectancy.
environmental concerns at both national and international levels. This shift has spurred intensive
research into the causes of environmental degradation and potential remedies, including environmental
taxes, fines, education, and regulations. The drivers of CO2 emissions have been widely explored
in the literature, but the nexus between business climate, human capital, and CO2 emissions has
not been examined sufficiently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to delve into the interplay
between renewable energy, business climate, human capital, and CO2 emissions in BRICS countries
from 2000 to 2020 using panel causality and cointegration tests. Our research hypotheses suggest that
there are significant mutual interactions among renewable energy, business climate, human capital,
and CO2 emissions based on the associated literature. The results of the causality test verify the
research hypotheses by uncovering a bidirectional causality between business climate, renewable
energy use, human capital, and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the cointegration analysis reveals that
increases in renewable energy use and human capital decrease CO2 emissions at the panel level,
but a positive business climate increases CO2 emissions at the panel level. However, the impact of
business climate on CO2 emissions at the country level varies among BRICS economies based on
environmental policies. In conclusion, investing in green energy technologies and education is a
useful tool to decrease CO2 emissions. In addition to this, the positive effect of business climate on
CO2 emissions should be balanced by regulations to increase environmental, social, and governance
awareness of firms.
countries to follow institutional, social, and economic policies eliminating the negative environmental
and social costs of economic growth and development, urbanization, and population growth. This
study investigates the influence of financial sector development and educational attainment on
economic sustainability in a sample of BRICS economies over the 1995–2020 term through causality
and cointegration tests. The results of the causality test find a bidirectional causal interplay between
financial development and economic sustainability and a unilateral causal effect from educational
attainment on economic sustainability. Furthermore, cointegration analysis unveils a long-term
positive influence of financial development and educational attainment on economic sustainability,
but the effect of educational attainment on economic sustainability is ascertained to be slightly higher
when compared with that of financial sector development. As a result, both educational attainment
and financial development with environmental and social measures can be useful instruments to
achieve economic sustainability.
Obesity-related health problems and the negative social and economic implications
of obesity have led international institutions and countries to combat it. This study
investigates the role of educational attainment and economic globalization in the
global prevalence of obesity in samples of adult females and males in BRICS
economies for 1990–2016 through causality and cointegration tests. The results of
the causality tests reveal that educational attainment and economic globalization
have a significant influence on obesity in both adult females and males in the short
run. Furthermore, cointegration analysis indicates a negative eect of educational
attainment on obesity in all BRICS economies in the long run, but the influence of
economic globalization on obesity diers among the BRICS economies. Furthermore,
the negative influence of educational attainment on obesity is revealed to be relatively
higher in females than males.
inequalities and environmental problems in the world. This problem aligns with the crusade of the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs-8 and 10). To this end, the present study
seeks to identify factors underlying sustainable development for vital and optimal policymaking. The
primary objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of a market-oriented business
environment together with information and communication technologies (ICT) on overall sustainable
development in new EU members who experienced a transition to a market economy for annual
frequency period ranging from 2000–2020 via novel cointegration and causality tests adequate to
the dataset size and characteristics. The study aimed to make a contribution to the related empirical
literature, as there is a paucity of documentation in the extant literature on the nexus between the
business environment and overall sustainable development. Furthermore, the use of cointegration
and causality tests considering heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence increased the robustness
of the empirical results. The consequences of causality and cointegration analyses uncovered that
the market-oriented business environment and ICT were short- and long-run drivers of sustainable
development. However, the impact of ICT on sustainable development was relatively stronger
than the impact of the market-oriented business environment in the long run. As a result, policies
to improve market-oriented business environments, ICT infrastructure, ICT adoption, and digital
literacy can be useful to make progress in overall sustainable development.
and is also a vital factor for nearly all the other SDGs. Therefore, factors underlying educational
attainment are crucial for achieving the SDGs by 2030. In this context, the financial system has
become critical in building various schools and covering educational expenditures such as teachers’
salaries, teaching materials, and training. This paper uses static and dynamic regression methods to
study the impact of financial sector development, remittances, real GDP per capita, information and
communications technologies (ICT) development, and globalization on educational attainment in
18 emerging economies over the 2000–2020 period. The results indicate that financial development,
remittances, real GDP per capita, ICT development, and globalization positively impact educational
attainment. Real GDP per capita, ICT development, globalization, and financial development have
the highest impact of these factors. In contrast, remittances have a limited positive influence on
educational attainment compared with other variables.
development. Therefore, this research article studies the causal interaction among total health
expenditures, out-of-pocket expenditures, human capital, and sustainable development in eleven
EU member countries during 2000–2020 through the panel causality test. The result of the causality
test indicates that indicators of health expenditures, human capital, and sustainable development
are closely interrelated, but the causal interaction among indicators of health expenditures, human
capital, and sustainable development differs among the new EU members. On the one hand, health
expenditures and human capital are significant factors underlying sustainable development. On the
other hand, sustainable development is a significant determinant of health expenditures and human
capital. Considering the significant role of human capital for sustainable development, education and
training programs should especially be revised in a way to improve the sustainability and healthy
life awareness and qualifications of the individuals. Furthermore, the digital transformation of health
systems from both supply and demand sides should be supported by public health policies.
activities and consequently factors influencing the energy consumption are of vital importance.
Therefore, this study investigates the effect of education together with financial development on
energy consumption in sample of BRICS economies over the 1990–2019 period by means of secondgeneration
cointegration and causality analyses thanks to the small number of empirical studies. The
causality analysis unveils a one-way causal effect from education to primary energy consumption,
but an insignificant causality between financial development and primary energy consumption. The
cointegration analysis uncovers a strong positive effect of education at panel level and in all BRICS
economies in the long-term, but financial sector development has a significant positive influence
on primary energy use only in South Africa in the long-term. The findings of the study reveal that
education considerably increases the primary energy use in the BRICS economies through economic
growth channel, but financial sector development has not been a significant determinant of primary
energy use yet. However, the BRICS economies should attach more importance to green technology
and energy focused growth for sustainable growth and development.
Keywords: education; financial development; primary energy use; panel causality analysis; panel
cointegration analysis
activities and consequently factors influencing the energy consumption are of vital importance.
Therefore, this study investigates the effect of education together with financial development on
energy consumption in sample of BRICS economies over the 1990–2019 period by means of secondgeneration
cointegration and causality analyses thanks to the small number of empirical studies. The
causality analysis unveils a one-way causal effect from education to primary energy consumption,
but an insignificant causality between financial development and primary energy consumption. The
cointegration analysis uncovers a strong positive effect of education at panel level and in all BRICS
economies in the long-term, but financial sector development has a significant positive influence
on primary energy use only in South Africa in the long-term. The findings of the study reveal that
education considerably increases the primary energy use in the BRICS economies through economic
growth channel, but financial sector development has not been a significant determinant of primary
energy use yet. However, the BRICS economies should attach more importance to green technology
and energy focused growth for sustainable growth and development.
and their citizens. Therefore, the specification of factors affecting educational attainment is crucial
for the planning and implementation of optimal educational policies. The objective of the article
is to research the influence of information and communication technology (ICT), proxied by the
ICT index and globalization index on educational attainment in the new EU Member States over
the term of 2000–2018 by means of the causality and cointegration test. The causality test points
out a unilateral causality from ICT to educational attainment and a bidirectional causality between
ICT and globalization. In other words, ICT has a significant effect on educational attainment, but
globalization influences educational attainment by way of ICT in the short term. On the other hand,
the cointegration test uncovers a positive effect of ICT on educational attainment at panel level
and in Croatia, Czechia, Poland, and Slovakia in the long term, while globalization has a positive
effect on educational attainment in Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland. The findings of the
cointegration test also support those of the causality test and denote that both ICT and globalization
can be effective instruments for improving educational attainment, depending on countries’ current
human and physical capital and education policies.
and the environment given the limited non-renewable energy reserves and global environmental
degradation mainly resulting from non-renewable energy use. This study explores the effect
of educational attainment and economic growth on renewable energy use in a sample of selected
emerging markets over the 2000–2018 period through causality and cointegration analyses. Causality
analysis points out a significant unidirectional causality from indicators of educational attainment
and economic growth to renewable energy use. In other words, educational attainment indicators
and economic growth are significant determinants of renewable energy in the short run. Furthermore,
the cointegration analysis ascertains a positive influence of indicators of educational attainment and
economic growth on renewable energy use in the long run. The findings of both analyses indicate
that educational attainment and economic growth have a significant impact on renewable energy use
in the short and long term. Therefore, the policies fostering educational attainment can be used as
instruments to increase the share of renewable energy use in total energy consumption.
gelişmekte olan ülkelerde azalarak devam etmektedir. Eğitimde cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin nedenleri
arasında; cinsiyet ayrımcılığı, sosyo-ekonomik faktörler, demografik faktörler, evlilik ve çocuk sahibi
olmak gibi nedenler gözlemlenmektedir. Bu nedenler bölgeye, ülkeye ve kişiye özgü olarak
farklılaşmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde öğrencilerin kayıt oranları baz alınarak cinsiyet eşitsizliği
istatistiksel tekniklerle incelenmiştir. 2017 yılı verilerine göre, Türkiye’de üniversitelerde öğrencilerin
kayıt oranları baz alındığında, cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin büyük oranda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Yükseköğretimde öğrenciler için cinsiyet eşitliği sağlandıkça ülkemizin beşeri sermayesi gelişerek
toplumsal refah artışı için önemli kazanımlar sağlayacaktır.