Papers by Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD)
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
Facial recognition technology based on artificial intelligence, machine learning techniq... more Facial recognition technology based on artificial intelligence, machine learning techniques and deep learning techniques is frequently used in security systems through facial biometric authentication, law enforcement, arresting suspects and criminals using surveillance and face detection, attendance monitoring systems on real-time, and other various use cases. Deep learning (DL) techniques have lately made important contributions to face recognition technology, particularly the convolutional neural network (CNN); which is most widely used for image processing due to its high accuracy for modeling complex phenomena. There are diverse CNNs that are characterized by their architecture. In this article, four architectures are performance analyzed: LeNet, AlexNet, ResNet, and DenseNet. To determine which architecture is the best, two performance measures are used for comparison; accuracy and time. These architectures were trained and tested on the LFW and ORL databases. The best performing architecture was DenseNet, with an accuracy of 100% On ORL face database and it took the least time to implement. This can have good potential to be developed Systems and applications that use facial recognition in their work.
Keywords: Face Recognition; deep learning; Convolutional Neural Networks; Comparative analysis
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
This study seeks to reinforce the principle of social responsibility and the role of Islamic econ... more This study seeks to reinforce the principle of social responsibility and the role of Islamic economics as an effective tool for enhancing corporate social responsibility (CSR). Since most Islamic economic operations are considered social projects that aim to convert the economic return into a social return, these projects directly affect social and environmental development according to the principles and objectives of Islamic investment. This study also aims to activate and strengthen the social responsibility that has been absent from many investment institutions and to confirm that Islamic economics does not aim to serve individuals only but rather seeks to serve societies and their well-being, build the national economy, and contribute effectively to preserving the surrounding environment to form an essential support and a powerful factor in sustainable development. The study also aims to show and highlight some of the principles and characteristics of Islamic investment, including that social responsibility must be considered in any investment process, as it falls within the governance framework.
Keywords: Islamic investment; social responsibility; Shari’ah;CSR;Islamic economics
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
Scientists have acknowledged the value of the purified Sunnah in Islam from the first century to ... more Scientists have acknowledged the value of the purified Sunnah in Islam from the first century to the present. They invested efforts in its preservation, compilation, and documentation, distinguishing authentic narrators from weak ones. They established rules to identify the true from the weak Hadith of the Messenger of Allah, showing that God's success led them to carry the Sunnah effectively. They authored works, clarified issues, and assessed thousands of narrators with knowledge and expertise, ensuring rightful authentication and disqualification.This discussion aims to explore scholars' views on the use of weak Hadith and their conditions for it. The research highlights the correct understanding of weak Hadith's status, emphasizing caution toward great scholars who dedicated their lives to preserving the Sunnah. Weak Hadith holds a legitimate role in religion, even if it does not meet full authenticity criteria. It possesses some truth but lacks other necessary conditions for acceptance. Consequently, the majority classify it as accepted, especially concerning virtues, encouragement, discouragement, sermons, and emotions, excluding rulings and beliefs. Rejecting all weak Hadith is a significant trial. Thus, it is not entirely rejected in all contexts, and some scholars recommend its use in specific situations.
Keywords:Scholars' opinions; weak Hadith; rulings and practices; virtues
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
The study aimed to identify the mechanisms and obstacles to implementing international... more The study aimed to identify the mechanisms and obstacles to implementing international criminal justice against perpetrators of war crimes. The Prime Minister of the Israeli occupation government, Benjamin Netanyahu, was targeted as a model for committing war crimes in partnership with his dismissed Minister of Defense, Yoav Galant, for war crimes against humanity in the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023. The study addressed the legal nature of the International Criminal Court, the bodies of the International Criminal Court, the nature of war crimes and their initiation, the mechanisms for implementing criminal justice against perpetrators of war crimes, and the obstacles that prevent the implementation of the rulings of the International Criminal Court against Netanyahu. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the historical, descriptive-analytical, and inductive-deductive approaches. Among the most prominent results reached by the study is that the decision of the International Criminal Court raised a major challenge to the countries supporting the occupation, and placed them before a moral and legal responsibility towards the continuation of Israeli war crimes, and the commitment of the member states of the court if Netanyahu and Galant reach it to arrest them immediately.
Keywords: Criminal justice;International criminal justice;War crimes;Netanyahu
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
Humansecurity offers a transformative analytical framework that shifts the focus of pr... more Humansecurity offers a transformative analytical framework that shifts the focus of protection from the state to the individual, addressing non-military threats that endanger daily life. While crises affect entire populations, women often bear disproportionate burdens due to structural inequalities, particularly in fragile contexts marked by conflict, poverty, and political instability. This study explores the impact of crises on women through the lens of human security, focusing on the challenges they face and the opportunities for empowerment and active participation in post-crisis reconstruction.The research begins with a conceptual and theoretical framework examining the intersection between human security and gender, highlighting how women are positioned within unequal social and economic structures that affect both their vulnerability and access to protection. The second chapter presents a case study of Lebanon, investigating the lived experiences of women during armed conflicts and socio-political crises, as well as the legal and political barriers that limit their participation in peacebuilding and protection efforts. Drawing on academic literature and analytical sources, the study demonstrates the vital role that women play in humanitarian response, social reconstruction, and sustainable peace.Ultimately, the study argues that integrating a gender-sensitive approach into human security analysis must go beyond identifying vulnerabilities to recognizing women as key actors in peace processes and community resilience. Despite ongoing challenges, this vision points toward a more equitable future where human security is a shared reality, and women are recognized not as victims but as agents of change.
Keywords: Human security;gender;empowerment;armed conflict;women;crises;Lebanon;fragility;peacebuilding;community resilience
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
This study discusses the importance of strengthening the protection of economic and s... more This study discusses the importance of strengthening the protection of economic and social rights as an integral part of the human rights framework. It aims to assess the effectiveness of the Yemeni judiciary in safeguarding these rights under the current circumstances, focusing on its role in addressing violations and proposing legal and judicial mechanisms to enhance its capacity. The study highlights the judiciary’s vital role in achieving social justice and societal stability, portraying it as the last bastion for the protection of rights and freedoms. It also examines the main challenges hindering the judiciary, foremost among them the weakness of constitutional and legislative provisions, the lack of adequate constitutional guarantees, institutional challenges, and political instability.The study concludes that the weak constitutional entrenchment of economic and social rights in the Yemeni Constitution, along with the absence of a clear determination of the status of international conventions within national legislation, constitutes a major obstacle to effective judicial protection. Furthermore, it demonstrates that strategic litigation can serve as a powerful tool for reinforcingthe protection of these rights-provided it is employed in a well-planned manner that integrates legal, media, and societal efforts. The study underscores the importance of supporting the judiciary and equipping it with the necessary human and technical resources to enable it to perform its role effectively and independently.
Keywords: Strengthening judicial protection;economic and social rights;the status of international conventions, strategic litigation;and the constitutionality of laws
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
This study seeks to investigate the educational origins that formed the logical and ... more This study seeks to investigate the educational origins that formed the logical and philosophical personality of Abu Nasr al-Farabi, those assets that contributed to his emergence at the level of logical and philosophical thought in the Arab and world heritage, which are origins dating back to the Arab-Islamic deliberative field. Therefore, this research shapes the nature of these assets and his learning of them, as well as his investment in them in his logical writings, i.e. their authentication? To this end, two axes have been dedicated: the first attempts to explain Al-Farabi's learning of logic and grammar, and the second to show his contribution to the development of the Aristotelian organon transferred to the Arab-Islamic culture. One of the results of this research was that the Arab and Islamic sciences had a decisive role in the logical personality of Al-Farabi in dealing with the Greek logical code.
Keywords:Education; logical; formation; Al-Farabi; Islamicsciences
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
This research seeks to study the interdisciplinarity in our heritage of various Arabic linguistic... more This research seeks to study the interdisciplinarity in our heritage of various Arabic linguistic sciences, and to know the extent of the depth of this study in the ancient Arabic linguistic study. Although the interdisciplinarity is a Western term or idea, it was found to answer scientific questions by making use of multiple specializations from the humanities, sciences, philosophy and medicine. However, the ancient Arabic linguistic study It was never a single specialty, but rather most of its sciences are linked to each other in a way that complements each other. Arab scholars, and linguists in particular, have become aware of this connection. In fact, in order to know the meaning of a sentence, they would analyze it phonetically, weigh it on the morphological scale, and determine its grammatical position, which suggests the presence of this idea in our Arab linguistic heritage.Hence, the aim of this study was to: clarify the roots of interdisciplinary studies in the Arab heritage. Although it is not known as a science in its own right, its foundations and principles are present in the study of Arabic language. We cannot study grammar, for example, without studying the sciences of morphology and semantics. Even the science of rhetoric is closely linked to the science of grammar.
Keywords:Interculturality;Heritage;Sciences;Linguistics;Arabic
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
This research, “The Future of Translation in Artificial Intelligence,” examines the impact of art... more This research, “The Future of Translation in Artificial Intelligence,” examines the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the translation profession, focusing on developments in technological tools such as neural machine translation. The research relies on the descriptive analytical approach, as it studies current literature and analyzes data related to modern translation techniques.This includes a comparison between machine translation tools and human translators and an analysis of case studies of AI applications in this field.The importance of the research lies in understanding how artificial intelligence affects the quality of translation and the efficiency of translators, and how to adapt to these technological developments. The research revolves around the main question: How does artificial intelligence affect translation accuracy and the traditional roles of translators? The research addresses technical developments that have helped improve translation quality, such as the use of deep neural networks that allow smoother and more realistic translations. However, the research also highlights the challenges that AI still faces, especially in understanding cultural differences and complex literary texts.The results indicate that AI helps improve translation efficiency but cannot fully replace human translators. By combining AI with human skills, better results can be achieved, such as neural machine translation (NMT), which uses deep learning algorithms to improve translation quality. NMT excels at understanding context, allowing for more accurate translations that reflect the intended meaning of the original content.This technology significantly improves the accuracy of translations, making it a valuable tool for businesses. Neural text translation technology offers both speed and accuracy. The AI's fast processing capabilities ensure speedy completion, while human translators provide the necessary oversight to capture subtleties and cultural nuances that machines may miss. The research offers recommendations for adapting to these developments and provides valuable insights for translation practitioners and policymakers.
Keywords:Artificial Intelligence in Translation;Neural Machine Translation;Improving Translation Quality;Challenges of Machine Translation;Future of Translation.
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
Philosophy emerged as a distinctive mode of thinking at a particular historical momen... more Philosophy emerged as a distinctive mode of thinking at a particular historical moment. In ancient Greece, before the Common Era, it appeared as a comprehensive science, and its core issues continue to influence thought today. Thus, discussing the relationship between philosophy and history is of great importance. History has strived to establish itself as an independent science, while philosophy is no longer seen as the all-encompassing science it once was, especially with the rise of modern science and its experimental methods. Today, people differentiate between philosophy and science, and some even question philosophy’s value, seeing it as a futile pursuit.In this context, our goal is to define the concepts of philosophy and history, explore their relationship, and consider their future connection.In this research, we have resorted to a methodological plan that included three sections. The first section dealt with the concept of philosophy and its function. The second section touched on the problem of history between science and art. In the third and final section, we worked on highlighting the importance of the communicative relationship between philosophy and history and its prospects. We finally concluded by saying that the relationship between philosophy and history is a close communicative relationship. Philosophy remains in need of history, as the latter remains a source of philosophizing, with what it contains of topics, problems, doctrines, and philosophical methods. History also remains in need of philosophy, as the latter is capable of refining it with its critical analytical vision. The relationship between philosophy and history appears in its communicative form with complete clarity, in the emergence of the philosophy of history in the modern era.
Keywords: Philosophy; History; Philosophy of History; Science; Method.
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
The paper dealt with the construction of the Tama language (a comparative study), with its approa... more The paper dealt with the construction of the Tama language (a comparative study), with its approach to the Arabic language. The problem of the study is that it answers the following complex question: What is the sentence in Arabic and the Tama language? What are the elements of its construction in the Tama language? It attempts to provide a description of this language to which it belongs, which is the Nilo-Saharan language family, the eastern Sudanese branch, which the Tama group uses as a language of communication. The study and its description came to clarify the elements of sentence construction in it, and to clarify its semantic characteristics. The importance of the study is that it documents this language that is threatened with extinction due to the rapid linguistic transformation in the Darfur region in western Sudan, and provides a prediction of the difficulties faced by learners of Arabic from the Tama people. The study followed the descriptive approach, and its tools are induction and observation, taking the language from the mouths of its speakers as a study community, which is (50 students) as examinees on whom the study was conducted, and by recording and observation.The study was divided into three sections. The first section defined the Tama community in terms of its origins, locations, and language classification. The second section focused on explaining the concept of the sentence and its elements. The third section dealt with the applied study, highlighting the sentence and its structural elements in the Tama language and its components. The study reached results that benefit those working in the field of teaching non-Arabic speakers, including: The study limited the structural elements in the Tama language starting from the sentence unit, and in it the Tama language uses one pattern of sentence patterns, which is the nominal compound pattern, and the plural in the Tama language is not characterized by regularity, as each noun has a special way of pluralization, and the Tama language follows a system of definition, which is by adding (ere) at the end of the noun or adjective. The study recommended paying attention to studying Sudanese languages, and clarifying their dialects and their relationship to other Nilo-Saharan languages.
Keywords: Tama;Language;Sentence;Structure;Phrase
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
The current research aims to identify the impact of integrating the inputs of stories and conce... more The current research aims to identify the impact of integrating the inputs of stories and concept maps on the achievement of second grade middle school students in mathematics .The researcher relied on the experimental research methodology to suit the nature and objectives of the research, and to achieve the research objectives, the researcher formulated a zero hypothesis that was subjected to experimentation, and the size of the research sample was (57) students in the second intermediate grade, The researcher used an experimental design with two equal groups, experimental and control, and a posttest of achievement, as the experimental group was studied according to the effectiveness of stories and concept maps and their impact on the achievement of second grade middle school students in mathematics, and the control group according to the usual (traditional) method and the achievement test prepared by the researcher, consisting of (50) paragraphs of multiple choice type, which is one of the types of objective tests, and it was presented to a group of arbitrators to ensure its reliability, and the test was applied to a survey sample of (46) students to extract some indicatorsThe statistical statistics represented by (discrimination coefficient and difficulty coefficient), and the stability of the test was calculated using the Kuder-Richardson-20equation (0.89). The achievement test was applied, then the data was analyzed, and the statistical treatment showed the following: There is a statistically significant difference between the first and second experimental groups and in favor of the first experimental group, which was taught with the storytelling approach in the achievement test. The most important finding of the researcher in the current study is the effectiveness of the interventions in raising the level of achievement of second grade middle school students in mathematics .
Keywords: Stories;Maps;Concepts;Mathematics
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
important of which is the text of many international crimes such as the crime of genocide, crimes... more important of which is the text of many international crimes such as the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression, which are the most important crimes addressed by the agreements of international humanitarian law before. The Statute did not stop there, but rather adopted many principles that originally belong to international humanitarian law, foremost among which is the principle of the non-applicability of statutes of limitations for international crimes .
Keywords: Statute of the International Criminal Court;International Humanitarian Law;International Committee of the Red Cross;Geneva Conventions;Crimes of genocide;Crimes against humanity;War crimes
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
Basedon the fact that intersection is a science that investigates the overlap of dif... more Basedon the fact that intersection is a science that investigates the overlap of different sciences with each other and the influence of each other and their complementarity and harmony to achieve the semantic benefit and moral end of the discourse. Interactive studies in ancient Arab heritage represent a unique model of cognitive integration and interaction between different sciences and knowledge. Although the term "inter- studies" was not traded in its current form in Arab-Islamic civilization, the essence of this concept was strongly present in the intellectual and scientific output of Arab and Muslim scientistsTheidea of this scientific paper, "Interdisciplinary Studies in Arab Heritage-A Study of the Roots of Practice and Theory", was to look for the first thresholds referred to by ancient Arab critics and journalists to the concept of interiority as defined in recent monetary studies. A series of references and notes lead the reader to feel that they have alerted some of the ideas of the interiors according to their classifications and books. This research aims to attach these notes and references to what contemporaries have come up with in their talk about the interplay and show the extent of compatibility between them.
Keywords: Interdisciplinary Studies;Arab Heritage;Encyclopedism;Cognitive Integration;Modern Criticism
studies" was not traded in its current form in Arab-Islamic civilization, the essence of this con... more studies" was not traded in its current form in Arab-Islamic civilization, the essence of this concept was strongly present in the intellectual and scientific output of Arab and Muslim scientists The idea of this scientific paper, "Interdisciplinary Studies in Arab Heritage-A Study of the Roots of Practice and Theory", was to look for the first thresholds referred to by ancient Arab critics and journalists to the concept of interiority as defined in recent monetary studies. A series of references and notes lead the reader to feel that they have alerted some of the ideas of the interiors according to their classifications and books. This research aims to attach these notes and references to what contemporaries have come up with in their talk about the interplay and show the extent of compatibility between them.
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
Considering the technological revolution the world is witnessing today ;machine translat... more Considering the technological revolution the world is witnessing today ;machine translation has become an indispensable tool for knowledge transfer and cross-cultural communication. However, questions arise regarding the impact of these technologies on the Arabic language, particularly from the perspective of computational linguistics, which focuses on studying language through modern technologies. Arabic is considered one of the most complex languages in terms of morphological and syntactic structures, as it relies on a root-based system and precise linguistic constructions. This complexity poses a significant challenge to machine translation systems that depend on algorithms and natural language processing (NLP). Despite the continuous advancements in these systems, they still encounter notable difficulties when handling Arabic, which often affects the quality of the translated texts. One of the key issues machine translation faces with Arabic is the difficulty in maintaining the original syntactic structure or intended meaning, especially in long or compound sentences. Moreover, machine translation sometimes tends to be overly literal, which leads to the loss of subtle nuances that require a deeper understanding of the linguistic and cultural context ,Common errors include confusion in verb tenses, inaccurate translation of idiomatic expressions, and neglecting the cultural and social context that language plays in shaping meaning. To clarify these challenges, this study will analyze popular machine translation models such as "Google Translate" and "DeepL" on morphological, syntactic, and semantic levels. The results indicate that these models still require further development to suit the unique nature of the Arabic language. The study will also propose solutions aimed at improving translation accuracy while ensuring cultural and linguistic depth, The significance of this research lies in its exploration of a vital topic that addresses the interaction between technology and the Arabic language. Understanding this interaction will help formulate strategies to preserve the authenticity of the Arabic language while adapting it to meet the demands of the digital age.
Keywords:Machine translation; Computational linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Text analysis.
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
There is no disagreement among rational individuals that translation is a fundamental ... more There is no disagreement among rational individuals that translation is a fundamental bridge for communication and cultural and literary exchange. Consequently, this bridge has historically served as a mediator between different peoples, facilitating the transfer of experiences and life lessons across various fields of knowledge, particularly in the humanities. Similarly, the Arabs have utilized translation as a primary means to understand the Other, construct their own representations, and affirm their authenticity in the face of the diversity conveyed by the imagined Other.Therefore, this research aims to highlight the importance of translation in establishing a conduit for understanding various neighboring cultures spread across the globe. It emphasizes the mutual benefits derived from translating the humanities, particularly in the field of literature, which is characterized by its potential for dissemination, expansion, and popularity. Moreover, it reveals areas of both commonality and difference, and it undoubtedly contributes to the development and flourishing of this field, especially concerning the evolution of Arabic literary genres and modern critical methodologies.In this context, we will attempt to familiarize the audience with the historical contexts of Arabic translations through a specific methodology that aligns with their participation in the internal scientific renaissance and its external reflections. This has contributed to the establishment of a distinct Arab radiance, inevitably leading to the creation of various discourses that have made the realm of literary creativity abundant and a fertile ground for all lovers of both Arabic and global literature.
Keywords:Translation; Representation; Imagination; The Other; Literary Cross-Pollination.
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
The Arabian Gulf constitutes the only sea port for Iraq, through which its commercia... more The Arabian Gulf constitutes the only sea port for Iraq, through which its commercial ships transport goods and luggage to other countries, but this only sea port was subjected to narrowing after the establishment of Mubarak Port, as this port worked to reduce the amount of goods entering and leaving the port and in a blatant attack on the navigational rights of our country, Iraq, in accordance with the rules of the international law of the sea and bilateral and collective agreements. Our research tried to shed light on this. On the most prominent points of contention between our country, Iraq, and neighboring Kuwait, with a review of all relevant historical events and an explanation of the significance of the establishment of the large Al-Faw port and the great economic benefits that will accrue to Iraq from its establishment. The research also included a discussion of the extent of the legality of establishing the Mubarak Port in accordance with the rules of international law.
Keywords: Al-Faw Port; Mubarak Port; maritime navigation
Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD), 2025
This research aims to highlight the epistemological integration between sciences of t... more This research aims to highlight the epistemological integration between sciences of the Qur'an (represented by the science of contextual harmony) and the science of exegesis (Tafsir) Through theoretical investigation of the relationship between them and presenting some practical examples. The significance of this topic lies in its connection to the Word of Allah in terms of its meanings, as well as its role in demonstrating the epistemological integration between various sciences in the study of the Qur'an.As for the research problem, it is represented in the following question: What is the relationship between the science of contextual harmony and the science of exegesis? I have followed the descriptive approach to address the research problem, employing the techniques of induction, analysis, comparison, and then deduction. Among the key findings of the study are: the science of contextual harmony complements the science of exegesis in uncovering the meanings of the Qur'an; exegesis serves as a means to reveal contextual harmony; contextual harmony is among the means leading to exegesis; and the relationship of contextual harmony to exegesis is akin to the relationship of the soul to the body.
Keywords: sciences of the Qur'an; contextual harmony; Tafsir; exegesis; epistemological integration
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Papers by Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD)
Keywords: Face Recognition; deep learning; Convolutional Neural Networks; Comparative analysis
Keywords: Islamic investment; social responsibility; Shari’ah;CSR;Islamic economics
Keywords:Scholars' opinions; weak Hadith; rulings and practices; virtues
Keywords: Criminal justice;International criminal justice;War crimes;Netanyahu
Keywords: Human security;gender;empowerment;armed conflict;women;crises;Lebanon;fragility;peacebuilding;community resilience
Keywords: Strengthening judicial protection;economic and social rights;the status of international conventions, strategic litigation;and the constitutionality of laws
Keywords:Education; logical; formation; Al-Farabi; Islamicsciences
Keywords:Interculturality;Heritage;Sciences;Linguistics;Arabic
Keywords:Artificial Intelligence in Translation;Neural Machine Translation;Improving Translation Quality;Challenges of Machine Translation;Future of Translation.
Keywords: Philosophy; History; Philosophy of History; Science; Method.
Keywords: Tama;Language;Sentence;Structure;Phrase
Keywords: Stories;Maps;Concepts;Mathematics
Keywords: Statute of the International Criminal Court;International Humanitarian Law;International Committee of the Red Cross;Geneva Conventions;Crimes of genocide;Crimes against humanity;War crimes
Keywords: Interdisciplinary Studies;Arab Heritage;Encyclopedism;Cognitive Integration;Modern Criticism
Keywords:Machine translation; Computational linguistics; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Text analysis.
Keywords:Translation; Representation; Imagination; The Other; Literary Cross-Pollination.
Keywords: Al-Faw Port; Mubarak Port; maritime navigation
Keywords: sciences of the Qur'an; contextual harmony; Tafsir; exegesis; epistemological integration