lev vilenchik

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I am an experienced theoretical physicist who graduated from Leningrad State University in 1962. In 1964-1967 I was a graduate student of Professor Yu.V. Novozhilov at the Department of Theoretical Physics headed by Academician V.A. Fock who was one of the creators of Quantum Electrodynamics. I worked as a junior, senior, and leading research fellow at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1962-1964) and the Institute of High Molecular Compounds of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1967-1987), where I worked closely with professors S.Ya. Frenkel and S.E. Bresler. At different times, I specialized in quantum field theory (see, for example, a publication in the Bulletin of the Leningrad University May 1969, Volume 10, Issue 2, Series: Physics and Chemistry, pp. 52-60, "The construction of quantum field theory using measures in functional spaces "), nuclear physics, physics of macromolecules and chromatography. I have the degree of candidate of physical sciences 1974 (the equivalent of PhD) and degree of doctor of physical and mathematical sciences 1985.

In 1988, I emigrated with my family to the United States, where I was working as a professor and researcher at Purdue University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and various companies, including Monsanto, Merck, and Schering Plough. I am currently an Independent Researcher.

The description and explanation of the processes cited as examples in this article required a deep understanding of classical physics, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, relativistic theory, cosmology, macromolecule physics, and chromatography. I have extensive knowledge and experience in all of the above areas, published a number of patents, and more than 100 articles in journals of the USSR Academy of Sciences and in peer-reviewed international scientific journals including Elsevier’s journals. Monographs: “Chromatography of polymers”, “Modern liquid chromatography of macromolecules”, “Quintessence: Thermodynamic approach to the phenomena of Nature” and “Evolution from the perspective of theoretical physics” were published by Chemistry publishing house (in Moscow) in 1978, Elsevier in 1983, Nova Science Publishers (NY) in 2016 and Ridero (Russia) in 2019, respectively. Among my latest publications:
“Protein Crystals as Novel Microporous Materials”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 18,4290-4294; “Affinity characterization-mass spectrometry methodology for quantitative analyses of small molecule protein binding in solution”, Anal Biochem. 2011 Nov 1; 418 (1)."Entropic Essence of Nature", International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Group Theory, and Non-linear Optics, Volume 17, Number 4, pp. 295-307, 2017; "Psychological Treatment as a Manifestation of Thermodynamic Principles", International Journal of Psychology Research, Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 125-132, 2017; “Coexistence of Short-Range and Long-Range Actions at Interactions of Material Objects and Phase Transitions”, Journal of Nature Science and Sustainable Technology (JNSST), Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018, pp. 131-139; “Entropic Change is a Ruler of the Biological Time”, Journal of Nature Science and Sustainable Technology (JNSST), Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019 pp. 47-55; "The emergence and evolution of the Universe", Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology (JHEPGC), Volume 5, Number 3, 2019; “Thermodynamic Basis of the Alternative Medicine”, Journal of Alternative Medicine Research, Volume 11, Issue 1, 2019.
The current article, “Thermodynamic Picture of the World”, which describes the entropic approach to natural phenomena, in in the European journal of physics and will be interesting for specialists with various bases in physics, mathematics, and philosophy, and I hope to see it published in the near future.

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Formation and evolution of black holes

Formation and evolution of black holes, 2024

A two-stage model of the process of the emergence of black holes and their evolution after the Bi... more A two-stage model of the process of the emergence of black holes and their evolution after the Big Bang until their complete disappearance is proposed. The model is based on a description of this process using the Fokker-Planck equation (or, what is the same, the direct Kolmogorov equation). It is shown that at the first stage the entropy of holes increases, and by the end of the second stage it drops to zero and at the same time the black hole ceases to exist.

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Thermodynamic Picture of the World

A possible correlation between changes in entropy and rhythm of time is shown, which is valid for... more A possible correlation between changes in entropy and rhythm of time is shown, which is valid for isolated non equilibrium thermodynamic systems, including the universe. As a consequence of this correlation, it is shown to be true Prigogine's theorem about constancy entropy production inside the thermodynamic system in a stationary state with non changing external parameters. A possible explanation of the Hubble law and the accelerated expansion of the universe is proposed without involving the concept of dark energy, but as a consequence of the increase in entropy, the rhythm of time and the temperature gradient in the universe. On the same basis, were obtained The Second and Third Laws of thermodynamics which are considered traditionally as experimental facts. The episodically repeated process of the birth and development of the universe is substantiated. A remark is made about the Anthropic Principle.

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Thermodynamic Picture of the World

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Hubble's law as a consequence of the growth of the entropy of the universe

A possible correlation between changes in entropy and rhythm of time is shown, which is valid for... more A possible correlation between changes in entropy and rhythm of time is shown, which is valid for isolated non equilibrium thermodynamic systems, including the universe. As a consequence of this correlation, it is shown to be true Prigogine's theorem about constancy entropy production inside the thermodynamic system in a stationary state with non changing external parameters. A possible explanation of the Hubble law and the accelerated expansion of the universe is proposed without involving the concept of dark energy, but as a consequence of the increase in entropy and the rhythm of time in the universe. On the same basis, were obtained The Second Law of thermodynamics which are considered traditionally as experimental fact.

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Thermodynamic Picture of the World

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Papers by lev vilenchik

Method for Studying Micelle Formation Using Size Exclusion Chromatography, Light Scattering, and UV Spectroscopy

ACS Symposium Series, 1996

Theoretical aspects of the chromatographic analysis of heterogeneous polymers

Journal of Chromatography A, 1990

Abstract A method for the chromatographic analysis of heterogeneous polymers is proposed and theo... more Abstract A method for the chromatographic analysis of heterogeneous polymers is proposed and theoretically confirmed. Such polymers include block and random copolymers, oligomers and polymers with functional groups. The basis of this procedure is the combined use of two main variants of liquid chromatography, size-exclusion and adsorption chromatography. The experimental data are treated by the methods of the theory of distributions. This procedure makes it possible to determine the molecular weight distribution of heterogeneous polymers and their compositional distribution and the distribution of functional groups. The possibility of using the adsorption variant of liquid chromatography under both isocratic and gradient conditions is considered.

Macromolecular porosimetry

Journal of Chromatography A, 1993

A new method for the determination of pore size distribution in porous materials has been develop... more A new method for the determination of pore size distribution in porous materials has been developed. The method is based on measuring the probability of solubiliied macromolecules to penetrate the pore space of a solid substrate. In the absence of any interaction between the macromolecules and the matrix of the porous material, the value of the probability is determined only by ratio of sizes of the macromolecules and the pores. A special software package was developed for slit, cylindrical, and mixed pores.

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Protein Crystals as Novel Microporous Materials

by lev vilenchik and James Griffith

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Cross-linked protein crystals (CLPCs) constitute a novel type of molecular sieves with high poros... more Cross-linked protein crystals (CLPCs) constitute a novel type of molecular sieves with high porosity. In order to characterize the fully hydrated CLPC, the method of macromolecular porosimetry was applied. This technique allows one to estimate the apparent pore sizes and pore size distribution in solid and soft hydrated porous sorbents directly from size exclusion chromatography. According to this method, CLPCs offer a wide range of pore size (15-100 Å), porosity (0.5-0.8), and pore surface area (800-2000 m 2 /g). These CLPC materials can be made chemically and mechanically stable, and are capable of separating molecules by size, chemical structure, and chirality.

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An affinity selection–mass spectrometry method for the identification of small molecule ligands from self-encoded combinatorial libraries

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2004

The NeoGenesis Automated Ligand Identification System (ALIS), an affinity selection-mass spectrom... more The NeoGenesis Automated Ligand Identification System (ALIS), an affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) process consisting of a rapid size-exclusion chromatography stage integrated with reverse-phase chromatography, electrospray mass spectrometry, and novel data searching algorithms, was used to screen mass-encoded, 2500-member combinatorial libraries, leading to the discovery of a novel, bioactive ligand for the anti-infective target Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Synthesis of the mass-encoded, ligand-containing library, discussion of the deconvolution process for verifying the structure of the ligand through independent synthesis and screening in a small mixture (sub-library) format, and ALIS-MS/MS techniques to assign its regioisomeric connectivity are presented. ALIS-based competition experiments between the newly discovered ligand and other, known DHFR ligands, and biological activity assessments with stereo-and regioisomers of the hit compound confirm its DHFR-specific biological activity. The method described requires no foreknowledge of the structure or biochemistry of the protein target, consumes less than 1 g protein to screen >2500 compounds in a single experiment, and enables screening of >250,000 compounds per system per day. These advantages highlight the potential of the ALIS method for drug discovery against genomic targets with unknown biological function, as well as validated targets for which traditional discovery efforts have failed.

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Novel Benzimidazole Inhibitors Bind to a Unique Site in the Kinesin Spindle Protein Motor Domain

Biochemistry, 2010

Fully Activated MEK1 Exhibits Compromised Affinity for Binding of Allosteric Inhibitors U0126 and PD0325901

Biochemistry, 2011

Kinases catalyze the transfer of γ-phosphate from ATP to substrate protein residues triggering si... more Kinases catalyze the transfer of γ-phosphate from ATP to substrate protein residues triggering signaling pathways responsible for a plethora of cellular events. Isolation and production of homogeneous preparations of kinases in their fully active forms is important for accurate in vitro measurements of activity, stability, and ligand binding properties of these proteins. Previous studies have shown that MEK1 can be produced in its active phosphorylated form by coexpression with RAF1 in insect cells. In this study, using activated MEK1 produced by in vitro activation by RAF1 (pMEK1(in vitro)), we demonstrate that the simultaneous expression of RAF1 for production of activated MEK1 does not result in stoichiometric phosphorylation of MEK1. The pMEK1(in vitro) showed higher specific activity toward ERK2 protein substrate compared to the pMEK1 that was activated via coexpression with RAF1 (pMEK1(in situ)). The two pMEK1 preparations showed quantitative differences in the phosphorylation of T-loop residue serine 222 by Western blotting and mass spectrometry. Finally, pMEK1(in vitro) showed marked differences in the ligand binding properties compared to pMEK1(in situ). Contrary to previous findings, pMEK1(in vitro) bound allosteric inhibitors U0126 and PD0325901 with a significantly lower affinity than pMEK1(in situ) as well as its unphosphorylated counterpart (npMEK1) as demonstrated by thermal-shift, AS-MS, and calorimetric studies. The differences in inhibitor binding affinity provide direct evidence that unphosphorylated and RAF1-phosphorylated MEK1 form distinct inhibitor sites.

Affinity characterization–mass spectrometry methodology for quantitative analyses of small molecule protein binding in solution

Analytical Biochemistry, 2011

Affinity characterization by mass spectrometry (AC-MS) is a novel LC-MS methodology for quantitat... more Affinity characterization by mass spectrometry (AC-MS) is a novel LC-MS methodology for quantitative determination of small molecule ligand binding to macromolecules. Its most distinguishing feature is the direct determination of all three concentration terms of the equilibrium binding equation, i.e., (M), (L), and (ML), which denote the macromolecule, ligand, and the corresponding complex, respectively. Although it is possible to obtain the dissociation constant from a single mixing experiment, saturation analyses are still valuable for assessing the overall binding phenomenon based on an established formalism. In addition to providing the prerequisite dissociation constant and binding stoichiometry, the technique also provides valuable information about the actual solubility of both macromolecule and ligand upon dilution and mixing in binding buffers. The dissociation constants and binding mode for interactions of DNA primase and thymidylate synthetase (TS) with high and low affinity small molecule ligands were obtained using the AC-MS method. The data were consistent with the expected affinity of TS for these ligands based on dissociation constants determined by alternative thermal-denaturation techniques: TdF or TdCD, and also consistent enzyme inhibition constants reported in the literature. The validity of AC-MS was likewise extended to a larger set of soluble protein-ligand systems. It was established as a valuable resource for counter screen and structure-activity relationship studies in drug discovery, especially when other classical techniques could only provide ambiguous results.

Psychotherapeutic Treatment as a Manifestation of the Thermodynamic Principles

Journal of Psychology Research, 2016

IntroductionPsychology studies the connection between human thoughts, physiological and mental pa... more IntroductionPsychology studies the connection between human thoughts, physiological and mental parameters, and their effects on the behavior of an individual under different circumstances [1]. It is well known that positive emotions and intentions often have beneficial effects on human health and wellbeing, while negative emotions and lack of faith in achieving a desired outcome lead to the opposite effect, i.e., not achieving the result of successful treatment. Modern psychology cannot explain the basis of this phenomenon but merely states its existence and makes appropriate recommendations.The Thermodynamic Approach developed by the author and described earlier [2, 3] suggests possible explanation of the psychological impact on the patient's physiological condition. In order to properly introduce the Approach, it is necessary to define several physical characteristics being used. It hould be noted that any living organism, including a human being, is a thermodynamic system. Su...

Cristaux proteiniques reticules utilises comme supports de separation universels

by lev vilenchik and Alexey Margolin

La presente invention porte sur l'utilisation de cristaux proteiniques reticules dans des pro... more La presente invention porte sur l'utilisation de cristaux proteiniques reticules dans des procedes, systemes et appareil de separation d'une substance ou molecule d'un echantillon. Selon une realisation preferee, les cristaux proteiniques reticules sont utilises dans des procedes, systemes et appareil de chromatographie dans lesquels la separation est basee sur une propriete physique ou chimique de ladite substance ou molecule. De maniere avantageuse, les cristaux proteiniques reticules, caracterisant les procedes, systemes et appareil de cette invention, possedent une excellente resistance mecanique ainsi qu'une structure poreuse bien developpee, une affinite et selectivite chirale importantes, et sont extremement stables dans des solvants aqueux et organiques. Ces proprietes permettent d'utiliser ces cristaux notamment comme sorbants dans des separations telles que les chromatographies chirale, d'exclusion sterique sur gel et d'affinite.

New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 10

New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 11

The Emergence and Evolution of the Universe

Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology

The cosmological picture of the World is complemented by the inclusion of virtual objects, phenom... more The cosmological picture of the World is complemented by the inclusion of virtual objects, phenomenon of the mass defect, entropic interaction, and bifurcations. During the period before the emergence of our Universe, space is considered as an infinite homogeneous multifold of virtual point objects with a certain energy and are capable of transitioning into a real state of certain masses, electrical charges, and sizes once at irreversible local fluctuations of density and energy. The existence of such virtual point objects is explained on the basis of the mass defect phenomenon known in nuclear physics and the fact that resultant sum of all forces acting on the object is equal to zero at the homogeneous space. It is shown that the entropic changes caused by irreversible fluctuations should have led to bifurcation and produce the "Big Bang" event with the emergence and subsequent evolution of our Universe. The probability of the set of bifurcations and consequent "Big Bang" events, the origin of the corresponding Universes, the time of their occurring, and initial localization is discussed. The possibility of the transition of virtual objects into a real state is proved using the Principle of Least Action and Le Chatelier's Principle. It is shown that this is a first-order phase transition which is accompanied by radiation of energy, violation of symmetry, the appearance of mass, electrical charge, motion, and other attributes of real state objects. The "negative" and "standard" gravity, the "negative pressure", the expansion of our Universe and its "inflationary" period are explained as realizations of the entropic interaction between objects. The "Corpuscular-Wave and the Corpuscular-Field dualisms", being a manifestation of the Complementarity and the Equivalence Principles, are used for the explanation of the evolution of the Universe. The Anthropic Principle is discussed.

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Modern liquid chromatography of macromolecules

Method for size exclusion chromatography

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