International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)

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International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific online journal (ISSN: 2224-0616) of agricultural research, innovation and technology dedicated to publish high quality research works, short communications and review articles in the field of agricultural sciences includes: soil science, horticulture, agronomy, entomology, plant pathology, plant science, crop physiology, animal science, veterinary science, aquaculture, food science and technology, agricultural engineering, agricultural machinery, post harvest technology, genetic engineering and plant breeding, biotechnology, microbial biotechnology, agricultural extension, agricultural development, agricultural economics, rural development, sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, forestry, environmental technology, food security and other related fields. The journal is published twice a year (June and December) in English.
Supervisors: Dr. M.S.A. Mamun, Mr. Frnacis Chimpeni, Mr. Babul Aktar, Mr. Cj Liyanaarachchi, Ms. Lin Lin Myat, Mr. Wangchuk Tenxin, Mr. Zakir Hossain, Mr. D.H. Ripan, Dr. Shofiqul Islam, Dr. Rajib Biswas, Dr. A.H.M. Kamal, Professor Dr. A.V.K. Iyengar, Professor Dr. M. Shahjahan, Mr. Ali Samandi, and Dr. Sam Mulei
Phone: 01712119843
Address: IJARIT Research Foundation, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
Web: https://ijarit.online/index.php/journal/index

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Papers by International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among adolescents with suspected genital infection in the Ngiri-Ngiri health zone in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 147-154, June 2025

Adolescents are among the groups most exposed to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and most ... more Adolescents are among the groups most exposed to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and most likely to resort to self-medication, which constitutes a threat to public health. This study aimed to assess self-medication practices for symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents in the commune of Ngiri-Ngiri in the City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by interviewing 224 adolescents using ODK software. Data were processed with XLSTAT. Of the 224 adolescents, 34.3% admitted to having symptoms associated with STIs. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was 45.5%. Of those who selfmedicated, 70% attended school, 47% were male, and 53% were female. Of all the drugs used, amoxicillin ranked first, followed by penicillin, vaginal ovules, and tetracycline. The study also showed that some women resorted to phytotherapy. As for the source of information, 70% of teenagers confirmed that they had obtained this information from pharmacy owners, 29% from the community, and 23% from healthcare providers. Given the considerable prevalence of self-medication for symptoms associated with STIs in this environment, health workers and political decision-makers are called upon to pool their efforts to raise awareness of the rational use of medicines to reduce or even eradicate this harmful practice.

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Impact of agricultural diversity and market accessibility on dietary outcomes for households, women, and children in Bangladesh

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 136-146, June 2025

Diversified agricultural production increases household food diversity, especially in developing ... more Diversified agricultural production increases household food diversity, especially in developing nations where subsistence farming is prevalent. The goal of this study was to determine the factors associated with farm production, commercialization, livestock rearing, and socio-demographic status on dietary diversity of households (HDD), women (WDD) and children (CDD). Data were obtained from 300 randomly selected households using two-stage random sampling techniques. HDD, WDD and CDD were measured using 24-hour dietary recall data. A binary logistic regression and negative binomial regression model were applied to find the significant factors associated with HDD, WDD, and CDD. The mean values of HDD, WDD, and CDD were 7.59, 6.62, and 4.74. Cereals were consumed by 99% of participants. The adequate and inadequate HDD of the participants were 49.3% and 50.7%. As farm production increases, the odds of HDD and CDD scores increase by 1.35 units and 18%. HDD and WDD were 0.26 and 032 times lower in households with six or fewer members compared to those with more than six members. The HDD and WDD were 4.33 and 7.92 times higher for attending market participation. The HDD and WDD were 0.16 and 0.36 times lower for the people who reared domestic animals. The WDD was 0.46 times lower for family income less than 25000 taka. The CDD score decreases by 0.61 with attending market participation. Better market access and farm production diversity can be used to increase HDD and WDD, whereas CDD increases with production diversity. The results emphasize the necessity of improving market access, family income and crop-livestock integration for improved nutrition.

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Response of some cowpea genotypes to radiosensitivity using 60Co gamma radiation

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 127-135, June 2025

Mutagenesis is one of the most effective methods for crop improvement as it expands the genetic p... more Mutagenesis is one of the most effective methods for crop improvement as it expands the genetic pool, offering more opportunities for selecting desirable traits, especially in cowpea, which is predominantly self-pollinating. For effective mass irradiation at acute doses, the sensitivity of cowpea genotypes to gamma rays needs to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal dose (LD50) at 50% germination and reduction in the appearance of cowpea growth (RD50) when exposed to gamma radiation. Five cowpea genotypes, namely, Hansadua, WC-36, ACC122WxWC-10, IT97K-819, and WC-10, were irradiated with gamma radiation from a 60 Co radioactive source at 0-1200Gy with an interval of 100 Gy. The results showed significant wide variations in the responses of genotypes. Hansadua, an improved cultivar, had the lowest LD50 and RD50 values of 531.0 and 452.0 Gy, respectively, indicating its high sensitivity to gamma radiation. Thus, suggesting a relatively lower dose is required to kill half of the population and more so, a tendency to produce more useful mutants at lower doses of radiation from which selection could be made. In addition, the highest values of LD50 and RD50 were observed for ACC122WxWC-10 at 903.0 and 694.0 Gy, respectively. This implies that the ACC122WxWC-10 genotype was the least sensitive to gamma radiation, as more radiation was required to reduce the growth of the control population to half. In addition, there were progressive reductions in other parameters such as plant height, root length, shoot weight, and whole plant weight in all genotypes as the radiation dose increased.

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Prevalence of Salmonella outbreak in poultry farms: a comparative study of Osun and Ogun States, Nigeria

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 115-126, June 2025

The study describes farm management practices, determines farmers' knowledge of Salmonella, and i... more The study describes farm management practices, determines farmers' knowledge of Salmonella, and identifies agricultural extension advisory services available to strengthen livestock farmers to examine the prevalence of Salmonella outbreaks among poultry farms in Osun and Ogun, Nigeria. The study utilized a crosssectional survey of 240 poultry farmers and 60 agricultural extension workers from both states. Data was collected with an interview schedule and analysed using percentages, frequency count and mean. Results indicate that the majority (68.3% and 67.5% in Osun and Ogun States, respectively) of the respondents were males; the mean age of the respondents was 47 years and 46 years in Osun and Ogun States, respectively. High (100.0% and 78.3%) Salmonella disease outbreaks were experienced in Osun and Ogun, respectively. Semi-intensive and intensive production systems are the predominant production methods in both states. The results further reveal that 56.7% and 70.0% of respondents in Osun and Ogun states had over 15 years of regular contact with extension services, respectively. However, the majority (83.3% and 91.7%) of Extension agents in Osun and Ogun states were knowledgeable about the Salmonella infection. The study concluded that for better adherence against disease outbreaks in poultry farms, monitoring and evaluation of all advisory services rendered should be done to ensure compliance. It is therefore recommended that there be improved biosecurity practices across the study location and adequate extension services that will enhance biosecurity measures and training to mitigate Salmonella outbreaks in poultry farms in the study area.

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The release and registration of bread wheat variety (Kulito) for low moisture stress areas of South Ethiopia

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 109-114, June 2025

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most valuable crop in Ethiopia. The low yield of existi... more Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most valuable crop in Ethiopia. The low yield of existing varieties has been partly attributed to high wheat rust pressure and recurrent drought in the country. Field experiments were carried out in Halaba, Inseno, and Lanfero, South Ethiopia, during 2019, 2020, and 2022 cropping seasons, with the objective to obtain rust-resistant and high-yielding genotypes for low moisture stress areas. Under regional variety trials of 2019 and 2020, fifteen advanced lines and a local check variety, Ogolcho (released in 2011), were grown using four replications in a randomized complete block design. Plant

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Sustainable production technology of sweet potato in response to ecological and economical demands

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 99-108, June 2025

Ecological catastrophe in the form of climate change is not only an issue, but now it is a real p... more Ecological catastrophe in the form of climate change is not only an issue, but now it is a real problem faced by and threatening human civilization, especially in producing food based on cereals and grains. Fortunately, sweet potato has many advantages from its biological potential to withstand climate change; however, it is ignored by policymakers. Consequently, the advantages of biological potential are often not followed by economic benefits for the farmers who grow sweet potato. So far, there has not been a clear regulation provided by policymakers to arrange sweet potato in food security or its agribusiness. Demand for fulfilling food domestically and to meet foreign markets, especially from Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea and Japan, stimulates farmers to increase production. Therefore, farmers have to be encouraged to undertake the sustainable sweet potato production technology leads to high productivity for current demand as well as for future prospective. The greener future technology is oriented to organic with low external input, by utilizing waste integrated with animal husbandry, as well as other sectors. Greener technology, ecologically sound and suitable for future civilization, is required to avoid climate change with low CO2 emissions.

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Bank of industry’s small and medium enterprise programme: an exploratory impact analysis on the livelihood status of poultry farmers in Nigeria

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 88-98, June 2025

The study evaluated how the small and medium business (SME) program of the Bank of Industry (BOI)... more The study evaluated how the small and medium business (SME) program of the Bank of Industry (BOI) affected the livelihood situation of chicken producers in Osun State, Nigeria. Using a two-stage sampling process, data was gathered using a structured interview schedule from 185 beneficiaries (poultry farmers) who were chosen at random from each of the six administrative zones. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data, and inferential conclusions were drawn using paired sample t-tests, correlations, and chi-square. The survey found Osun State's small and medium-sized poultry producers now have better living conditions thanks to the BOI's SME programme. It was observed that the programme brought about an increase in innovative thinking and ideas of the beneficiaries. However, there was a significant association between the socioeconomic characteristics of the beneficiaries and their livelihood status; it revealed a significant difference (t= 21.424; P ≤ 0.05) in the livelihood status of the respondents before and after the programme, which implies that respondent's income increases, experience tremendous growth in business output and were able to acquire more assets; hence, the programme should be sustained by successive government's administration and should be extended to other enterprises.

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Enhancing soil nutrients for yield and nutritional quality of carrot through the joint effect of a complementary technology package in the rainforest region of Nigeria

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 78-87, June 2025

Field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of integrated application of poultry manur... more Field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of integrated application of poultry manure (PM), cocoa pod husk (CPH), and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer on carrot root yield and nutritional quality during 2023 and 2024 cropping seasons at Adeyemi Federal University of Education (07°04'N, 04°49'E), Ondo in the rainforest ecology of southwest Nigeria. Poultry waste and CPH were combined at three different quantities (0, 5, 10 t ha-1), with NPK fertilizer applied at three levels (0, 100, 200 kg ha-1) in a factorial experiment set up in a randomized complete block layout. Each treatment was repeated three times. The gathered data were assessed using the Statistical Analysis System Institute Package. The site's soil had low levels of accessible P (4.87 mg kg-1), nitrogen (0.7 g kg-1), and a somewhat acidic pH (6.1). Plots with the combined application of the three soil amendments showed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in root yield metrics, proximate compositions, and phytochemicals. Compared to the sole application of NPK fertilizer in the second cropping season, the residual effect of PM and CPH alone and their combination with or without NPK fertilizer on root yield characteristics was larger. The maximum gross root yield, protein, fiber, vitamin C, and carotenoid content were found in plots that received an integrated application of 10 t ha-1 of PM, CPH, and 200 kg ha-1 of NPK. These parameters' values did not differ substantially (P>0.05) from the plots that received 200 kg ha-1 of NPK fertilizer, 5 t ha-1 of PM, and CPH fertilizer applied together. Compared to their respective single applications, the combination of PM, CPH, and NPK fertilizer was more successful in increasing carrot root yield and nutritional quality.

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Pre-extension demonstration of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) technologies in selected districts of Ethiopia

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 70-77, June 2025

Black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.), known as the "King of Spices," is a high-value crop with signi... more Black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.), known as the "King of Spices," is a high-value crop with significant economic and medicinal importance. This study evaluates the pre-extension demonstration of black pepper technologies in selected districts of Southwest Ethiopia and Gambella Region, focusing on two improved varieties, Gacheb and Tato, under real-world farming conditions. The study involved 66 farmers across Yeki, Sheko, and Godere districts, aiming to enhance farmers' knowledge and skills in black pepper production, management, and post-harvest handling. Data were collected on agronomic performance, economic viability, and farmer perceptions. Results showed that both varieties adapted well to local conditions, with Gacheb exhibiting higher yield potential (2-3 kg/vine/year) compared to Tato (1.5-2.5 kg/vine/year). Economic analysis revealed a benefit-cost ratio of 4.71 for Gacheb and 4.29 for Tato, indicating profitability. Farmers expressed positive perceptions of black pepper's adaptability and financial benefits, ranking it second in priority after coffee. However, challenges such as pests, diseases, and inadequate knowledge in certain cultivation practices were identified. The study recommends capacity-building programs, development of resilient varieties, scaling-up demonstrations, and strengthening research-extension-farmer linkages to promote sustainable black pepper production. These efforts can enhance productivity, improve livelihoods, and support the wider adoption of black pepper technologies in Ethiopia.

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Performance modelling and optimization of disc angle and tractor speed for a disc ridger in loamy soil using RSM

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 62-69, June 2025

Ridging has been identified as a mechanized substitute for flat-land form and mounding in the cul... more Ridging has been identified as a mechanized substitute for flat-land form and mounding in the cultivation of root and tuber crops. Manual ridging imposes high drudgery, consumes time and limits production scale. Therefore, mechanized ridging is necessary to improve efficiency, reduce cost and enable large-scale production. In this study, performance modelling and operational optimization of disc angle and tractor speed for a double-row disc ridger were established using CCRD in RSM. Quadratic models generated by RSM were used to predict optimum draught, wheelslip and fuel consumption while maximizing cutting-depth and cutting-width. The results show that the ridger achieved optimum performance at 42.5 0 disc angle and 7.5 km/h tractor speed with a constant tilt angle of 25°. The regression model predicted optimal fuel consumption of 8.13 l/ha, 7.8 kN draught force, 2.8% wheelslip, 29 cm depth and 277 cm width of cut, at the predicted disc angle and speed. The optimization analysis suggests that an increased disc angle and speed resulted in increased draught, fuel consumption, wheel-slip and cutting width and depth. To maximize operating efficiency, it is advised that ridging operations at the study site be conducted at the designated optimal speed and disc angle.

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Effects of sewage sludge on the growth and yield of jute

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 54-61, June 2025

An outdoor research was executed to assess the impact of sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizer o... more An outdoor research was executed to assess the impact of sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizer on the fertility of soil and yield of jute, utilizing the high-yielding variety of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) O-9897 as the sample plant. Six treatments of treated sewage sludge (SS) and suggested amounts of chemical fertilizers (RDF) with three replications were as T1: (Control), T2: (SS 5 t ha-1), T3: (SS 5 t ha-1 + ½ RDF), T4: (SS 5 t ha-1 + ¾ RDF), T5: (SS 5 t ha-1 + ¼ RDF), and T6: RDF. It was found that the treatment T4 (SS + ¾ RDF) as well as T5 (SS + ¼ RDF) had the highest growth and yield of jute, where the plant height, base diameter, fiber yield and stick weight were increased 67.65, 48.28, 60, and 63.49%, respectively in comparison to the control. The maximum amounts of organic matter and zinc were found for treatment T3, whereas nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur were also noted as highest in treatment T4. The implementation of sewage sludge alone enhanced jute growth, yield, and soil nutrient levels compared to the control. However, combining sewage sludge with chemical fertilizers produced improved outcomes in boosting the fertility of soil and the yield of jute.

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Effect of grass-legume silage on production and milk composition of Friesian cross cows in Imbo region of Burundi

by International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT) and ahimpera francine

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 48-53, June 2025

The study determined the effects of feeding Cenchrus purpureus-Velvet bean, or Maize stalk-Velvet... more The study determined the effects of feeding Cenchrus purpureus-Velvet bean, or Maize stalk-Velvet bean silage on milk production and quality. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in R4.4.1 software was used for data analysis. Results from the study showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in milk production among treatments. The mean milk production was different between the blocks (P < 0.05). The mean milk production was higher (7.53±1.52 kg) for cows fed on maize stalk-Velvet bean silage than cows fed on Cenchrus purpureus-Velvet bean silage (5.36±1.07 kg) and fresh mixed grass-legume (4.29l±1.07 kg). Results also showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in milk SNF, lactose and salt, while there were no significant differences (p˃0.05) on milk fat and protein contents for all the experimental diets. The study concluded that the incorporation of maize stalk: Velvet bean silage ratio (80:20) could prevent the dry season feed scarcity, increase milk production and consequently increase the household income.

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Adoption of climate-smart agriculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 39-47, June 2025

Adopting climate-smart agriculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh faces challenges, as well as... more Adopting climate-smart agriculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh faces challenges, as well as farmers' vulnerability to frequent natural disasters and salinity intrusion. The main aims of this study were to assess the extent of CSA technologies adopted by the farmers and to explore the contributions of the selected characteristics of the coastal farmers to the adoption of CSA. An interview schedule was used to collect data from 354 coastal farmers of three districts, namely Satkhira, Khulna, and Bagerhat, through a 'Multistage random sampling method' in 2022. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used. A complete model multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how the predictor variables affected the outcome variables. Results indicate that about 57.91% of the coastal farmers had medium adoption, followed by 22.88% high and 19.21% poor adoption of CSA. Out of the 19 identified CSA technologies, "the use of thread pipe/plastic pipe for irrigation" ranked first and indicated the highest extent of adoption by the coastal farmers. Farmers' annual agricultural income, extension contact, training exposure, knowledge of CSA, and attitude towards CSA significantly positively contributes to their adoption of CSA. Extension services, community-based training, and awareness campaigns can play a vital role in escalating farmers' adoption of CSA. Therefore, addressing climate change and building climate resilience in agriculture requires practical support to enable farmers to adopt and sustain CSA.

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Exploring the role of chitosan in enhancing poultry production: Benefits and applications

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 22-38, June 2025

Chitosan (a chitin derived biopolymer) has gained enormous attention due to its potential uses in... more Chitosan (a chitin derived biopolymer) has gained enormous attention due to its potential uses in broiler and layer production. Chitosan is a natural, nontoxic, and biodegradable substance that has several benefits in poultry, i.e., it improves poultry growth, health, and overall productivity. The present review paper explores the versatile roles of chitosan in poultry, exploring its use as an immune-modulator, growth promoter, and natural antimicrobial and antioxidant feed additive. Chitosan biopolymer is reported to boost the immunity FCR (feed conversion ratio) and reduce the chances of diseases working as an antimicrobial compound. Chitosan enhances nutrient digestibility and absorption, maintains gut health, and controls the intestinal microflora. Dietary use of chitosan is well documented to improve meat quality, feather growth, and egg quality as an alternative to synthetic growth promoters and antibiotics. Therefore, this review intends to gather scientific evidence about using chitosan on production performance, health and well-being of poultry and minimizing the impact of production on the environment for sustainable and environmentally healthy production. Moreover, the prospects for research on chitosan in poultry production are also discussed, stressing the need to optimize chitosan applications and address existing limitations.

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Farmer’s pesticide uses and risks in onion fields in the central rift valley of Ethiopia

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 11-21, June 2025

Improper use of pesticides has been the most problematic factor in affecting the environment and ... more Improper use of pesticides has been the most problematic factor in affecting the environment and pollinating insects. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess farmers' awareness and usage of insecticides for the protection of onion pests in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia from January to May 2022. A purposive sampling method was used to select onion growers in the study area. The respondents revealed that damage caused by pests and diseases led to yield loss in onions, and their choice was applying insecticide chemicals without training in the application technique of the chemical. A very high proportion of farmers (60%) in Adami Tullu Jido Kombolcha and Bishan Guracha (44%) never wear personal protective equipment (PPE) at the time of insecticide application. The result also demonstrated that only 44% of respondents from Adami Tullu Jido Kombolcha and 25% from Bishan Guracha had attended formal training. They also revealed that they purchased pesticide chemicals without knowing their safe use or disposal methods. Due to this, farmers fail to follow the label for pesticide rate, spray volume, and wearing personal protective equipment. The results of this study suggest that farmers in the study area need training and inspection on the safe use and hazardous effects of insecticides.

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In vitro and in vivo screening of commonly used acaricides against Ixodid ticks in South Omo pastoral areas, South-Western Ethiopia

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 1-10, June 2025

The study aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antitick efficacy of commonly used acaricides ... more The study aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antitick efficacy of commonly used acaricides in order to suggest efficient acaricides to livestock owners was conducted in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. According to Drummond's method, the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) was applied to assess oviposition inhibition of engorged female ticks. Also, in vivo efficacy field trial of Deltamethrin 1% pouron, Amitraz 12.5%, and Ivermectin 1% injection was conducted on a goat kept under a pastoral production system in the study area. A total of 528 fully engorged female R. decoloratus and R. pulchellus ticks were tested through the adult immersion test (AIT). A statistically significant (p<0.05) mean percent oviposition control was achieved by two in vitro tested acaricides. Amitraz induced 67.30±7.33 (min= 58.07%; max=74.02%) mean percent oviposition control while, Deltamethrin achieved 100±00 (min=100%; max=100%) on ticks from bovine. Similar results were obtained on ticks from caprine using Amitraz and Deltamethrin, and mean percent oviposition control was 82.90±2.7 (min=79.04%; max=85.01%) and 100±00 (min=100%; max=100%), respectively. A 61.45% and 73.15% oviposition control of R. decoloratus and R. pulchellus from bovine, and 81.77% and 84.03% oviposition control of R. decoloratus and R. pulchellus from caprine, respectively, were observed in in vitro studies. However, Deltamethrin was able to completely prevent oviposition in both bovine and caprine tick species. At the recommended field concentration, Amitraz, Ivermectin, and Deltamethrin, achieved 97.22%, 85.29%, and 99.03% effectiveness, respectively, in eliminating adult ticks from infested goats. We suggest both Amitraz and Deltamethrin were effective against Ixodid ticks infesting ruminants in the research area when used in the recommended dosages however; more confirmatory in vivo field data is required.

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Establishment of an effective photobioreactor for growing microalgae: A review

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 153-162, December 2024

The premise that microalgae could be used to produce landscapes of biofuel, nutrition, and biorem... more The premise that microalgae could be used to produce landscapes of biofuel, nutrition, and bioremediation is gaining popularity. The four main factors influential to microalgae growth are light, CO2, nutrients, and process conditions-including temperature and pH. Compared to other open systems such as ponds, control and efficiency in flat plate and tubular type photobioreactors are much higher. A photobioreactor needs to be developed to enhance the mass transport, and light penetration, and to reduce contamination. Every kind of photobioreactor has its advantages and limitations in using the airlift, bubble column, and stirred tank. Thus, the use of hybrid bioreactors makes it possible to eliminate individual limitations. This review discusses and analyzes the features of photobioreactor systems, their drawbacks, and the progress achieved in the field of microalgae production.

The consistency of vitamin B12 in marketed microalgae powders

by International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT) and Md. Mirazul Islam

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 146-152, December 2024

Vitamin B12 is a water nutrient that plays a key role, in DNA replication and the production of r... more Vitamin B12 is a water nutrient that plays a key role, in DNA replication and the production of red blood cells as well as maintaining proper neuron function in the body system. Insufficient levels of this vitamin can result in health complications like megaloblastic anemia. At times, microalgal powders have surfaced as a source of vitamin B12. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of active vitamin B12 in microalgae with a specific focus on commercially available strains, like Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis gaditana. The research discovered that Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana powders have vitamin B12 levels of, up to 2.1 µ/g whereas Spirulina powders contain pseudo vitamin B12 than active B12. Collectively speaking Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana serve as good sources of active vitamin B12 while Spirulina seems to be less potent due, to its high pseudo-vitamin B12 content. This research highlights the promise of powders, like Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana as sources of accessible vitamin B12 that may contribute to addressing nutritional gaps in diets.

Graft success and seedling growth responses of cashew (Anacardium occidentalis) to three concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and scion types

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 132-145, December 2024

Cashew is an important tree crop with huge export potential and economic benefits. Seed propagati... more Cashew is an important tree crop with huge export potential and economic benefits. Seed propagation is a major problem because it takes the crop a much longer time to reach edible maturity compared to vegetative propagation. In addition, true-to-type plants cannot be assured through seed propagation. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of IBA and three scion types on the graft success of cashews. The experimental design for the study was 4 x 3 factorial arrangements in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was IBA at four different concentrations (0 ml, 750 ml, 1000 ml, and 1250 ml). The second factor was scion types at three levels (softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood, respectively). Semihardwood cuttings treated with 1250 ml concentration of IBA took shorter days (13 days) to achieve graft success and had the highest percentage graft-take. For all the vegetative parameters studied (plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, root biomass and root length), semi-hardwood cuttings which were treated with 1250 ml concentration of IBA gave the best recordings and also had the highest percentage of survived seedlings after transplanting. In conclusion, for a successful graft success coupled with the corresponding growth of the seedlings, it is best to use 1250 ml of IBA concentration with semi-hardwood scion.

Different harvesting dates influence the growth, seed yield and quality of two rice varieties in Ghana

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 122-131, December 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food which contains a high amount of nutrients essential for h... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food which contains a high amount of nutrients essential for human nutrition, energy supply, and food security. Despite its nutritional value, it does not reach its physiological maturity at the same time thereby affecting the quality of seeds produced when harvested. The overarching objective of this research was to determine the influence of harvesting days on seed yield and quality of two rice varieties (Jasmine 85 and Amankwatia) at the Department of Horticulture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. A 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was the study design. Factor one was the two varieties (Jasmine and Amankwatia) and factors two was different harvesting times at three levels [105, 112 and 126 days after transplanting (DAT)]. The study revealed that Jasmine 85 had the highest plant height, number of panicles and number of tillers. The study also showed that the interaction of the varieties and different harvesting times had a significant influence on the germination percentage, germination energy, germination rate index and mean germination time. The study showed that Amankwatia harvested at 126 DAT and Jasmine harvested at 112 DAT respectively, performed the best in terms of yield. Furthermore, Amankwatia harvested at 112 DAT and Jasmine harvested at 105 DAT respectively, also improved germination parameters. Harvesting of both varieties (Jasmine and Amankwatia) at 112 DAT and 126 DAT will maximize yield, while harvesting at Amankwatia at 112 DAT and Jasmine at 105 will improve germination.

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